.su

.su is an Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) that was designated for the Soviet Union on 19 September 1990.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved 15 months later, the .su top-level domain remains in use to the present day. It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks (RIPN, or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription).<ref name=":6" />

The .su ccTLD is known for usage by cybercriminals, hackers and scammers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":2" />

History

After 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe, including .pl (Poland), .cs (Czechoslovakia), .yu (Yugoslavia) and .dd (East Germany). Among them, there was also a domain for the USSR – .su.<ref name="rosyjski">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Initially, before two-letter ccTLDs became standard, the Soviet Union was to receive a .ussr domain. The .su domain was proposed by the 19-year-old Finnish student Petri Ojala.<ref name="netoscop">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 26 December 1991 the country was dissolved and its constituent republics gained independence, which should have caused the domain to begin a phase-out process, as happened with those of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Until 1994<ref name="rosyjski" /> there was no assigned top-level domain name for Russia. For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain. In 1994, the .ru domain was created, which was supposed to eventually replace the .su domain<ref name="rosyjski" /> (domains for the republics other than Russia were created at different times in the mid-nineties). The domain was supposed to be withdrawn by ICANN, but it was kept at the request of the Russian government and Internet users.<ref name="rosyjski" />

In 2001, the managers of the domain stated that they would commence accepting new .su registrations, but it is unclear whether this action was compatible with ICANN policies.<ref name=":4">Back in the USSR: Soviet Internet domain name resists death, Mansur Mirovalev, writing for Associated Press, 18 April 2008</ref> In September 2007, lobbyists stated that they had started negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite news</ref> In March 2025, ICANN reportedly notified<ref name="domainwire032025">Template:Cite news</ref> the operator of the domain, the Russian Institute for Development of Public Networks (ROSNIIROS),<ref name=":6">.su Domain Delegation Data IANA</ref> of a planned phase-out of the domain by 2030.

As of March 2025, the .su ccTLD contained over 112,000 domains.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Usage

The domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR. The dissolution of the Soviet Union meant that the new TLD was superseded by the new country TLDs of the former Soviet republics. Despite this, .su is still in use. Most of the .su domains are registered in Russia and the United States.<ref name="gazeta">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to data from May 2025, there were over 111,500 registered domains with the .su TLD (there are over 5.895 million .ru domains).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The pro-Russian Ukrainian separatist group Donetsk People's Republic have also registered their domain with the TLD.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The .su domain also hosts white supremacist websites that have been deplatformed elsewhere, formerly including The Daily Stormer.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> due to the relaxed and outdated terms of use, along with staying out of focus (2% usage comparing to the primary .ru zone).<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="group-ib.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains<ref name="group-ib.com"/> have been in place since 2013 in response to the issue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

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External links

• Template:Commonscatinline
• Statistics of registrations under the .su domain
• RIPN press release regarding future of .su domain Template:Webarchive