12 Victoria

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 12 Victoria | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=12 Victoria VLT (2021), deconvolved.pdf|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name=jpldata>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:17.0 October 2024
(JD 2460600.5) |Epoch 17.0 October 2024
(JD 2460600.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 173.98 yr | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = Template:Convert | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = Template:Convert | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = Template:Convert | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.22013 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 3.57 yr (1302.6 d) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = 19.50 km/s | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 326.4° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 8.374° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 235.36° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = 15 February 2025 | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 69.55° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = Template:Convert | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = Template:Convert | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 = 3.522

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val (± Template:Val)<ref name=VLT/> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT>P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56</ref>
115.087 ± 1.199 km<ref name=jpldata/>
124.09 ± 8.31 km<ref name="Carry2012"/> | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = 0.31Template:Efn | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/>
Template:Val<ref name="Carry2012"/> | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/>
Template:Val<ref name="Carry2012"/> | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = 0.0315 m/s² | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = 0.0596 km/s | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Convert<ref name=jpldata/>
Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = 110°<ref name=VLT/> | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = 0.167 (calculated)<ref name=VLT/>
0.163 ± 0.027<ref name=jpldata/> | label94 = Temperature | data94 = ~178 K

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = S (Tholen)/L (SMASS)<ref name=jpldata/>
A<ref name=VLT/>
L<ref name="Carry2012"/> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = 8.68<ref name=AstDys-Victoria>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to 12.82 | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 7.30<ref name=jpldata/>
7.24<ref name=VLT/> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 = 0.188" to 0.04"

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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12 Victoria is a large main-belt asteroid, orbiting the Sun with a period of 3.56 years and an eccentricity of 0.221. It is a stony (S-type) asteroid, about 112–124 km across with an albedo of 0.18 and a rotation period of 8.66 hours. Victoria has been observed to occult a star three times since its discovery. Radar and speckle interferometry observations show that the shape of Victoria is elongated, and it is suspected to be a binary asteroid, with a moon of irregular shape.<ref>Other reports of asteroid/TNO companions</ref>

This minor planet was discovered by English astronomer J. R. Hind on September 13, 1850. Victoria is officially named after the Roman goddess of victory, but the name also honours Queen Victoria. The goddess Victoria (Nike for the Greeks) was the daughter of Styx by the Titan Pallas. The coincidence with the name of the then-reigning queen caused quite a controversy at the time, and B. A. Gould, editor of the prestigious Astronomical Journal, adopted the alternate name Clio (now used by 84 Klio), proposed by the discoverer. However, W. C. Bond, of the Harvard College Observatory, then the highest authority on astronomy in America, held that the mythological condition was fulfilled and the name therefore acceptable, and his opinion eventually prevailed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The historical symbol for Victoria was a star with a branch of laurel. It is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC5 𜻅 (File:Victoria symbol (fixed width).svg).<ref name=astunicode>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=pipeline>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

12 Victoria Earth approach on 26 June 2028<ref name="Earth2028"/>
Date and time of closest approach	Earth distance (AU)	Sun distance (AU)	Velocity relative to Earth (km/s)	Velocity relative to Sun (km/s)	Uncertainty region (3-sigma)	Solar elongation
26 June 2028 ≈01:57	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	6.4	23.7	± 7 km	166.9°

File:12Victoria (Lightcurve Inversion).png

Model of 12 Victoria made by light-curve inversion

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{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} (displays Elong from Sun and V mag for 2011)

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12 Victoria

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