1532

File:Inca-Spanish confrontation.JPG

November 16: The Battle of Cajamarca is fought between the Spanish Empire and the Inca Empire.

Template:C16 year in topic Year 1532 (MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil.<ref name="Lawrence183">Rachel Lawrence: 2010, Page 183</ref>
• February 12 – The Deceived Ones (Gl'ingannati), a stage comedy written collectively by the Accademia degli Intronati in Siena, makes its debut as part of the festivities of the Italian city's annual carnival.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 24 – William Warham, the 81-year-old Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, publicly declares that he is disasocciating himself from all acts of the English Parliament that are prejudicial to papal authority.<ref name=Oaths>Jonathan Gray, Oaths and the English Reformation (Cambridge University Press, 2013) p.100</ref>
• March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by Thomas More the Speaker of the House of Commons.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Henry responds by stating that the Commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is prorogued until April 10.

April–June

• April 27 – The democratic government of the Republic of Florence in Italy, in existence for more than 400 years since its founding in 1115, is abolished by order of Pope Clement VII in order for a hereditary, and absolute, monarchy to be established.<ref>Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reiss, The Pontificate of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture (Routledge, 2017)</ref> Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, the illegitimate son of Pope Clement, is given full power and the Republic's parliament (the Signoria) and the rule of the executive officer, the Gonfaloniere, come to an end.
• April – Battle of Quipaipan in Peru: Atahualpa wins the civil war in the Inca Empire, defeating his brother Huáscar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• May 13 – Francisco Pizarro lands on the northern coast of Peru.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent leads another invasion of Hungary.

July–September

• July 23 – The Nuremberg Religious Peace is granted to members of the Schmalkaldic League, granting them religious liberty.<ref>article on the Nuremberg Religious Peace, page 351 of the 1899 Lutheran Cyclopedia</ref>
• August 13 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 5 – The siege of Güns in the Austrian Empire begins as the Ottoman army, under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, attempts to take the city of Güns (now Kőszeg in Hungary) with 100,000 troops in order to mount a larger invasion of the Austrian city of Vienna, capital of the Holy Roman Empire. The defenders, less than 800 Croatian soldiers commanded by Nikola Jurišić, puts up a successful resistance despite being outnumbered by more than 100 to 1.<ref name=Wheatcroft>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 30 – The siege of Güns fails as heavy rains and the arrival of reinforcements from Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to supplement the Croatian defenders, causes Suleiman to retreat.<ref name=Wheatcroft/>
• September 1 – Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.<ref name="O'Day2012">Template:Cite book</ref>

October–December

• October 7 – (9th waxing of Tazaungmon 894 ME) The Burmese monarch Min Bin, King of Arrakan, leads a combined invasion force of 12,000 people (three armies of 11,000 men in a three-pronged attack, and a flotilla of war boats carrying 1,000 troops) in an invasion of Bengal in India.
• November 16 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca, ambushing and slaughtering a large number of his followers, without loss to themselves.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He subsequently offers a ransom of approximately $50 million in gold.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• December 1 – (5th waxing of Pyatho 894 ME) The Burmese Army under Min Bin marches into Dhaka, capital of Bengal without any resistance.
• December 4 – A fire strikes the cathedral in Chambéry, now a part of France, but at the time a part of Italy's Duchy of Savoy. The fire burns several holes in the Shroud of Turin, believed by some Roman Catholics to be the burial shroud of Jesus of Nazareth after the crucifixion, and to have a miraculous imprint of Jesus, but the shroud is repaired by nuns at the cathedral.
• December 20 – The first payment for Atahualpa's ransom from the Spaniards is made as gold is delivered to Cuzco to fill up a room.

Date unknown

• The Prince is published, five years after the death of the author, Niccolò Machiavelli.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Pantagruel is published by François Rabelais.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Henry VIII of England grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found Bristol Grammar School.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Stamford School is founded in England by William Radcliffe.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• The Paris Parlement has the city's beggars arrested "to force them to work in the sewers, chained together in pairs".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Possible date for the Battle of the Maule between Incas and Mapuches, according to historian Osvaldo Silva.<ref name=Silva1983>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Births

File:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, Collection of Waddesdon Manor.jpg

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester

• January 21 – Ludwig Helmbold, German classical singer (d. 1598)<ref>Probable:Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 14 – Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (d. 1607)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• February 19 – Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet and member of the Pléiade (d. 1589)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 20 – Juan de Ribera, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 25 – Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1596)<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
• April 21 – Martin Schalling the Younger, German theologian (d. 1608)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• April 23 – Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (d. 1568)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 1 – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (d. 1605)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• June 6 – Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• June 7 – Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1560)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 13 – Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern, countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (d. 1579)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 16 – Francis Coster, Brabantian Jesuit theologian, author (d. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 24
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (probable;<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> d. 1588)
  • William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German Protestant leader (d. 1592)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 12 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (d. 1565)
• July 25 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Spanish Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 14 – Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (d. 1590)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 4 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Jesuit cardinal (d. 1596)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 30 – Yuri of Uglich, Prince of Uglich (d. 1563)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 16 – Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim, later Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 22 – Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• December 7 – Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (d. 1605)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 20
  • John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1586)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Orazio Samacchini, Italian painter (d. 1577)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 26 – Guilielmus Xylander, German classical scholar (d. 1576)
• date unknown
  • Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (d. 1613)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • William Allen, English cardinal (d. 1594)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (d. 1585)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Luís Fróis, Portuguese missionary (d. 1597)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (d. 1592)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • John Hawkins, English navigator and slave trader (d. 1595)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (d. 1573)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1585)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
  • Thomas Norton, English lawyer (d. 1584)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
  • Tulsidas, medieval Hindi poet and philosopher (d. 1623)
  • Flavio Orsini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1581)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Thomas Lucy, English politician (d. 1600)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• probable
  • Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian portrait painter (d. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (d. 1594)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Deaths

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Cardinal Pompeo Colonna

File:Hans Holbein d. J. 066.jpg

Reverend William Warham

• May – Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex
• June – Bernardino Luini, Italian painter (b. 1482)
• June 28 – Pompeo Colonna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 8 – Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1470)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• August 11 – John of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1518)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 16 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• August 19 – Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (b. 1467)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 22 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September – Vlad VI Înecatul, Prince of Wallachia<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 1 – Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 2 – Louis Gonzaga (Rodomonte), Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 3 – Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (b. 1502)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 12 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• December 13 – Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (b. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 30 – Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish noble (b. 1467)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown
  • Jeanne de la Font, French poet and culture patron (b. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Huáscar, 12th Inca Emperor<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>