1636

April 30: The Dutch Republic recaptures the fortress of Schenckenschans from the Spanish after a costly nine-month siege.

October 4: Sweden defeats the Holy Roman Empire in the Battle of Wittstock

EventsEdit

January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.
January 18 – The Duke's Mistress, the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance.
February 21 – Al Walid ben Zidan, Sultan of Morocco, is assassinated by French renegades.
February 26 – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as King Alvaro VI of Kongo, in the area now occupied by the African nation of Angola, and rules until his death on February 22, 1641.
March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.
March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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April 30 – Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
May 14 – William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Agawam Plantation (now Springfield, Massachusetts) in territory controlled by the Agawam people, a subset of the Algonquian peoples, and negotiate for its purchase for Britain's Connecticut Colony.<ref>Esther M. Swift, West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History (West Springfield Heritage Association, 1969)</ref> The Agawams deed the land to Connecticut on July 15, and the area is later deeded by Connecticut to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
June 20 – Roger Williams and other Puritan settlers become founders of the colony of Providence Plantations, which later joins neighbouring territory to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The area today is the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
June 22 – The Battle of Tornavento is fought in north-west Italy in the course of the Thirty Years' War, as France and Savoy respond to an attack by Spain. While the battle is a stalemate, the city of Castano Primo is heavily damaged.

July 10 – The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.<ref>Simone Luzzatto, Discourse on the State of the Jews (De Gruyter, 2019) p. 257</ref>
July 20 – The Pequot War begins in New England when John Oldham and several of his crew are killed when his ship is attacked and robbed, apparently by allies of the Narragansett Indians at Block Island.<ref>Gabriele Esposito, Armies of Early Colonial North America, 1607–1713: History, Organization and Uniforms (Pen & Sword Books, 2018)</ref>
July 30 – In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.<ref>Stéphane Thion, French Armies of the Thirty Years' War (LRT Editions, 2013) p. 86</ref>
August 15 – The Spanish besiege Corbie, France.
August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.
September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.
October 28 – Harvard University was founded.
November 5 – English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber.<ref>"Popes and Guys and Anti-Catholicism", by Justin Champion, in Gunpowder Plots: A Celebration of 400 Years of Bonfire Night, ed. by Antonia Fraser (Penguin, 2005)</ref>
December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).
Kohra (estate) is founded by Babu Himmat Sah.
The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.
The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.
The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.