1793

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File:Execution of Louis XVI.jpg

January 21: King Louis XVI of France is guillotined in Paris.

File:Exécution de Marie Antoinette le 16 octobre 1793.jpg

October 16: Former French Queen Marie Antoinette is publicly executed.

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Template:Year article header The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I.

EventsEdit

January–JuneEdit

January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.
January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.
January 13 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, a representative of Revolutionary France, is lynched by a mob in Rome.
January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Citizen Capet, Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in Paris.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
February – In Manchester, Vermont, the wife of a captain falls ill, probably with tuberculosis. Some locals believe that the cause of her illness is that a demon vampire is sucking her blood. As a cure, Timothy Mead burns the heart of a deceased person in front of a crowd of a few hundred people.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain.<ref name="TPC1793">Template:Cite book</ref> During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.
February 11 – French expedition to Sardinia (Expédition de Sardaigne): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia.
February 22 – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican force briefly occupies the small Sardinian island of La Maddalena, then withdraws to Corsica. 23-year-old lieutenant Napoleon Buonaparte is second-in-command.
February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States.
February 27 – The Giles Resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.
March 1–3 – John Langdon serves as President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as the president of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term.<ref name="Harper1793">Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p170 </ref>
March 5 – French troops are defeated by Austrian forces, and Liège is recaptured.
March 18
- Second Battle of Neerwinden: A coalition army of Habsburg monarchy and Dutch Republic troops repulses attacks from French Republican forces, near Neerwinden, Flemish Brabant.
- The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
April 6 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danton as its head.
April 9 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, France's new Minister to the United States, arrives at Charleston, South Carolina.<ref name="Harper1793"/>
April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation.<ref name="Harper1793"/>
April 25 – The pioneer parishes of New Orleans and Louisiana are erected, as well as incorporated into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.
May 25 – French expedition to Sardinia: The last French troops occupying the small Sardinian island of San Pietro surrender to a Spanish fleet.
May 31 – French Revolution: Regular troops under François Hanriot demand that the Girondins be expelled from the National Convention.
June – The Macartney Embassy, a British diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.<ref name="TPC1793"/>
June 2 – French Revolution: The Girondins are overthrown in France.
June 10 – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.
June 20–22 – Haitian Revolution: Battle of Cap-Français – French Republican troops and black slave insurgents defeat Royalist and slave owner settlers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 21 – The town of Hamilton, Massachusetts, is incorporated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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July–DecemberEdit

July 9 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada.
July 13 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.
July 17 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.
July 20 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.
July 29 – John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.
July 31 – Oulu Castle in Finland is destroyed in an explosion following the burning of a powder cellar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August – France decrees all the slaves on Saint-Domingue to be free.
August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5,000 die.
August 10 – French Revolution – Feast of Unity
- Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems.
- The Louvre in Paris opens to the public as an art museum.
August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings."
September 5 – French Revolution: The National Convention begins the 10-month Reign of Terror.
September 8 – The first Círio de Nazaré is celebrated in Belém.
September 17 – The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, one of the French Revolutionary armies, defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.
September 18 – The cornerstone to the future United States Capitol is dedicated by U.S. President Washington at the site of the new Federal City on the Potomac River.<ref name="Harper1793"/>
September 20 – British troops from Jamaica land on the island of Saint-Domingue to join the Haitian Revolution in opposition to the French Republic and its newly-freed slaves; on 22 September the main French naval base on the island surrenders peacefully to the Royal Navy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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October 5 – War of the First Coalition: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.
October 15–16 – War of the First Coalition: Battle of Wattignies – A French Republican force commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan compels a Habsburg Austrian Coalition army to retire.
October 16 – French Revolution: Marie Antoinette, the widowed queen consort of Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in the Place de la Révolution in Paris at the conclusion of a 2-day trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal.
October 24 – French Revolution:The French Republican Calendar is adopted by the National Convention.
November 10 – The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution reaches a climax with the celebration of the Goddess of Reason in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.
November 12 – French Revolution: Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.
December 8 – French Revolution: Madame du Barry is guillotined.
December 9 – New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
December 18 – French forces under Dugommier capture Toulon from royalists and British forces under Vice Admiral Lord Hood. The British fire the dockyards and take 16 ships, one of which, the Lutine, becomes a famous treasure ship.
December 23 – French Revolution: War in the Vendée: Battle of Savenay – A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.

UndatedEdit

Eli Whitney invents a cotton gin. This causes a resurgence of slavery in the South.
Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts) is chartered.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Dominique Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the French Revolutionary Army, creates the first battlefield "flying ambulance" service.
The Al Bu Falah move to Abu Dhabi.
The first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint, and the half cent is minted for the first time.
Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso at age 11 in his birthplace of Genoa.