2001 Einstein

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 2001 Einstein | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=002001-asteroid shape model (2001) Einstein.png|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Shape model of Einstein from its lightcurve | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" />

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 43.43 yr (15,864 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 2.1242 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 1.7430 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 1.9336 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.0986 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 2.69 yr (982 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 150.59° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 22.683° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 357.08° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 217.74° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = Template:Val<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
5.66 km Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" /> | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val<ref name="geneva-obs" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Warner-2010e" />
Template:Val h Template:Small<ref name="Hanus-2016" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Warner-2005f" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = 0.40 Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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2001 Einstein (prov. designation: Template:Mp) is a bright Hungaria asteroid from the innermost region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, on 5 March 1973.<ref name="MPC-Einstein" /> The X-type asteroid (Xe) has a rotation period of 5.5 hours and measures approximately Template:Convert in diameter. It is named after physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955).<ref name="springer" />

Orbit and classificationEdit

Einstein is a member of the Hungaria family, which form the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 8 months (982 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> As no precoveries were taken, the asteroid's observation arc begins with its discovery in 1973.<ref name="MPC-Einstein" />

NamingEdit

This minor planet was named in honour of the German-born, Swiss–American physicist and Nobelist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). It is considered suitable, that the body discovered at Bern is named after the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate, since it was the place where he had his golden years while working as a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. He is also honored by the lunar crater Einstein.<ref name="springer" /> The official Template:MoMP was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (Template:Small).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" /> Arthur C. Clarke joked in the postscript of his novel 3001: The Final Odyssey that he was hoping asteroid 2001 would be named after him, but it was named for Einstein first. Asteroid 3001 was named 3001 Michelangelo. Clarke was later honoured with asteroid 4923 Clarke, named together with 5020 Asimov.

Physical characteristicsEdit

The Tholen classification, Einstein is an X-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is an Xe-subtype which transitions from the X-type to the very bright E-type asteroid.

Rotation periodEdit

Several rotational lightcurves for this asteroid were obtained from photometric observations. In December 2004, the first lightcurve by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (PDS) in Colorado, gave a rotation period of Template:Val hours with a brightness variation of Template:Val in magnitude (Template:Small).<ref name="Warner-2005f" /> Between 2008 and 2012, three additional lightcurves at the PDS gave an almost identical period of 5.485 hours with an amplitude of 0.67, 0.74 and 1.02, respectively (Template:Small).<ref name="Warner-2010e" /><ref name="Warner-2008m" /><ref name="Warner-2013d" /> Other lightcurves were obtained by Hanuš at the French CNES and other institutions, which gave a period of Template:Val hours (Template:Small),<ref name="Hanus-2016" /> and by Italian astronomer Federico Manzini at SAS observatory in Novara, Jean Strajnic and Raoul Behrend from December 2012, which rendered a period of Template:Val hours with an amplitude of 0.66 in magnitude (Template:Small).<ref name="geneva-obs" />

Diameter and albedoEdit

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the asteroid measures 4.0 km in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.81, for which WISE assigns an E-type.<ref name="WISE" /> The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a lower, yet still high albedo of 0.40 and hence calculates a larger diameter of 5.7 kilometers, as the lower the albedo, the larger the body's diameter for a constant absolute magnitude.<ref name="lcdb" />

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:YouTube Template:Small
Lightcurve plot of 2001 Einstein, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2012)
Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info

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