201 Penelope

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 201 Penelope | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=201 Penelope.png|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = A three-dimensional model of 201 Penelope based on its light curve. | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="SBDB" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:21 January 2022 (JD 2457600.5) |Epoch 21 January 2022 (JD 2457600.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = Template:Cvt<ref name="JPL2022"/> | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = Template:Cvt<ref name="JPL2022"/> | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = Template:Cvt<ref name="MPC2022"/><ref name="JPL2022"/> | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = Template:Cvt<ref name="MPC2022"/><ref name="JPL2022"/> | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.17924<ref name="MPC2022"/><ref name="JPL2022"/> | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = Template:Cvt<ref name="JPL2022"/> | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = 18.19 km/s | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 169.01173°<ref name="MPC2022"/> | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day<ref name="MPC2022"/> | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 5.75625°<ref name="MPC2022"/><ref name="JPL2022"/> | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 156.91554°<ref name="MPC2022"/> | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 180.90559°<ref name="MPC2022"/> | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = Template:Convert<ref name="JPL2022"/> | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 = 3.347<ref name="JPL2022"/>

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val<ref name="SBDB"/>
Template:Val<ref name="Pravec2012"/> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Convert<ref name="JPL2022"/> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="SBDB"/>
Template:Val<ref name="Pravec2012"/> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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201 Penelope is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on August 7, 1879, in Pola. The asteroid is named after Penelope, the wife of Odysseus in Homer's The Odyssey. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of Template:Val with an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.18 and a period of Template:Convert. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 5.8° to the plane of the ecliptic.<ref name="SBDB" />

Based upon the spectra of this object, it is classified as a M-type asteroid, indicating it may be metallic in composition.<ref name="Pravec2012"/> It may be the remnant of the core of a larger, differentiated asteroid. Near infrared absorption features indicate the presence of variable amounts of low-iron, low-calcium orthopyroxenes on the surface. Trace amounts of water is detected with a mass fraction of about 0.13–0.15 wt%.<ref name="Hardersen1983"/> It has an estimated size of around 88 km.<ref name="Pravec2012"/> With a rotation period of 3.74 hours, it is the fastest rotating asteroid larger than 50 km in diameter.<ref name="SBDB"/>

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