25 Phocaea

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| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 157.44 yr (57,504 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 3.0104 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 1.7899 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 2.4001 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.2543 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 3.72 yr (1,358 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 13.891° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 21.606° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 214.14° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 90.245° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Marchis-2006c" />
Template:Val km<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Carry-2012" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Lim-2005" />
Template:Val km<ref name="AKARI" /> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = (5.99 ± 0.60) × 10¹⁷ kg<ref name="Carry-2012 "/> | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = Template:Val g/cm³<ref name="Carry-2012 "/> | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val h<ref name="geneva-obs" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Pilcher-2011e" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Pilcher-2009g" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Buchheim-2007b" />
Template:Val h<ref name="Groeneveld-1954a" />
Template:Val h<ref name="geneva-obs" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="AKARI" />
Template:Val<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
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| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = Tholen = S<ref name="jpldata" />
SMASS = S<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />Template:·S<ref name="Belskaya-2017" />
B–V = 0.932<ref name="jpldata" />
U–B = 0.513<ref name="jpldata" /> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 7.83<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" />Template:·Template:Val<ref name="Veres-2015" /> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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25 Phocaea (Template:IPAc-en) is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It is the parent body of the Phocaea family. Discovered by Jean Chacornac in 1853, it was named after the ancient Greek city of Phocaea.

Discovery and namingEdit

Phocaea was discovered on 6 April 1853, by French astronomer Jean Chacornac at Marseille Observatory in southern France.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was his first asteroid discovery out of a total of six.Template:Citation needed The asteroid was named after the ancient Ionian Greek city of Phocaea, modern-day Foça in Turkey, where the founders of Marseille came from.<ref name="springer" /> The naming was proposed by French astronomer Benjamin Valz.<ref name="springer" />

Classification and orbitEdit

Phocaea is the parent body and namesake of the Phocaea family (Template:Small), a large asteroid family of stony asteroids in the inner main belt.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />Template:Rp

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,358 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory in March 1860, almost 7 years after its official discovery observation at Marseille.<ref name="MPC-object" />

Physical characteristicsEdit

Phocaea is a stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification,<ref name="jpldata" /> and has also been characterized as such by others.<ref name="Belskaya-2017" />

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2010 gave a lightcurve with a period of 9.9341 ± 0.0002 hours. The brightness near the deepest minimum of the light curve showed changes with phase angle, which is the result of shadows extending across surface irregularities.<ref name="Pilcher-2011e" /> Several other lightcurves have also been obtained.<ref name="lcdb" />

Phocaea has also been studied by radar.<ref name="Radar-detection-list" />

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Phocaea measures between 61.05 and 83.21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.189 and 0.350.<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Lim-2005" /><ref name="AKARI" />

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.2310 and a diameter of 75.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 7.83.<ref name="lcdb" />

The asteroid has a mass of (5.99 ± 0.60) × 10¹⁷ kilograms and a mean density of Template:Val grams per cubic centimeters, which lies approximately in between the density of limestone and concrete/gravel.<ref name="Carry-2012 "/>

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

2006-Oct-03 Occultation / (2006 Asteroidal Occultation Results for North America)
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Template:Webarchive)
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
Template:AstDys
Template:JPL small body

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