Incubator escapee wiki

7400-series integrated circuits

Article Discussion
(Redirected from 5400 series)

Template:Short description Template:Redirect-multi Template:Redirect-multi

File:TexasInstruments 7400 chip, view and element placement.jpg
CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs).<ref>Don Lancaster (1975), TTL Cookbook, Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams and Co., Template:ISBN, preface</ref>

In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in 1966 which quickly gained over 50% of the logic chip market, and eventually becoming de facto standardized electronic components.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TI_1967_Databook">Template:Cite book</ref> Since the introduction of the original bipolar-transistor TTL parts, pin-compatible parts were introduced with such features as low power CMOS technology and lower supply voltages. Surface mount packages exist for several popular logic family functions.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

OverviewEdit

Template:See also

The 7400 series contains hundreds of devices that provide everything from basic logic gates, flip-flops, and counters, to special purpose bus transceivers and arithmetic logic units (ALU). Specific functions are described in a list of 7400 series integrated circuits. Some TTL parts were made with an extended military-specification temperature range. These parts are prefixed with 54 instead of 74 in the part number. The less-common 64 and 84 prefixes on Texas Instruments parts indicated an industrial temperature range. Since the 1970s, new product families have been released to replace the original 7400 series. More recent TTL-compatible logic families were manufactured using CMOS or BiCMOS technology rather than TTL.

Texas Instruments prefixes for TTL temperature ranges
Prefix Name Temperature range Remarks
54 Military −55 °C to +125 °C
64 Industrial −40 °C to +85 °C rare
74 Commercial 0 °C to +70 °C most common

Today, surface-mounted CMOS versions of the 7400 series are used in various applications in electronics and for glue logic in computers and industrial electronics. The original through-hole devices in dual in-line packages (DIP/DIL) were the mainstay of the industry for many decades. They are useful for rapid breadboard-prototyping and for education and remain available from most manufacturers. The fastest types and very low voltage versions are typically surface-mount only, however.Template:Citation needed

File:KL TI SN5451 Logic IC (cropped).jpg
Texas Instruments SN5451 in the original flat package

The first part number in the series, the 7400, is a 14-pin IC containing four two-input NAND gates. Each gate uses two input pins and one output pin, with the remaining two pins being power (+5 V) and ground. This part was made in various through-hole and surface-mount packages, including flat pack and plastic/ceramic dual in-line. Additional characters in a part number identify the package and other variations.

Unlike the older resistor-transistor logic integrated circuits, bipolar TTL gates were unsuitable to be used as analog devices, providing low gain, poor stability, and low input impedance.<ref>Don Lancaster, TTL Cookbook, Howard W. Sams 1974, page 169</ref> Special-purpose TTL devices were used to provide interface functions such as Schmitt triggers or monostable multivibrator timing circuits. Inverting gates could be cascaded as a ring oscillator, useful for purposes where high stability was not required.

HistoryEdit

Although the 7400 series was the first de facto industry standard TTL logic family (i.e. second-sourced by several semiconductor companies), there were earlier TTL logic families such as:

  • Sylvania Universal High-level Logic in 1963<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed

  • Fairchild 9300 series<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The 7400 quad 2-input NAND gate was the first product in the series, introduced by Texas Instruments in a military grade metal flat package (5400W) in October 1964. The pin assignment of this early series differed from the de facto standard set by the later series in DIP packages (in particular, ground was connected to pin 11 and the power supply to pin 4, compared to pins 7 and 14 for DIP packages).<ref name="TI_1967_Databook"/> The extremely popular commercial grade plastic DIP (7400N) followed in the third quarter of 1966.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The 5400 and 7400 series were used in many popular minicomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s. Some models of the DEC PDP-series "minis" used the 74181 ALU as the main computing element in the CPU. Other examples were the Data General Nova series and Hewlett-Packard 21MX, 1000, and 3000 series.

In 1965, typical quantity-one pricing for the SN5400 (military grade, in ceramic welded flat-pack) was around 22 USD.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As of 2007, individual commercial-grade chips in molded epoxy (plastic) packages can be purchased for approximately US$0.25 each, depending on the particular chip.

  • NXP-74AHC00D-HD-HQ.jpg

    Die of a 74AHC00D, manufactured by NXP

  • SN7400 1965.jpg

    SN7400 die in the original flat package, manufactured by TI

  • TTL-00-die-schema.jpg

    Die vs Schematic of a NAND gate in a 74H00 (Darlington transistor is visbile on the right)

  • 7400 Circuit.svg

    Schematic of one gate in a 7400

  • 74LS00 Circuit.svg

    Schematic of one gate in a 74LS00

  • Schéma DM74ALS00.png

    Schematic of one gate in a 74ALS00

  • Logic ICs in size comparison.JPG

    Size comparison of 74HC00 in DIP vs TSSOP package

FamiliesEdit

File:Consommations TTL-HC.png
Current (A) vs speed (Hz) comparison of various 7400 families

7400 series parts were constructed using bipolar junction transistors (BJT), forming what is referred to as transistor–transistor logic or TTL. Newer series, more or less compatible in function and logic level with the original parts, use CMOS technology or a combination of the two (BiCMOS). Originally the bipolar circuits provided higher speed but consumed more power than the competing 4000 series of CMOS devices. Bipolar devices are also limited to a fixed power-supply voltage, typically 5 V, while CMOS parts often support a range of supply voltages.

Milspec-rated devices for use in extended temperature conditions are available as the 5400 series. Texas Instruments also manufactured radiation-hardened devices with the prefix RSN, and the company offered beam-lead bare dies for integration into hybrid circuits with a BL prefix designation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Regular-speed TTL parts were also available for a time in the 6400 seriesTemplate:Snd these had an extended industrial temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C. While companies such as Mullard listed 6400-series compatible parts in 1970 data sheets,<ref>Mullard FJH 101 Data Sheet, from the Mullard FJ Family TTL Integrated Circuits 1970 databook. Template:Webarchive. May 16, 2008</ref> by 1973 there was no mention of the 6400 family in the Texas Instruments TTL Data Book. Texas Instruments brought back the 6400 series in 1989 for the SN64BCT540.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The SN64BCTxxx series is still in production as of 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some companies have also offered industrial extended temperature range variants using the regular 7400-series part numbers with a prefix or suffix to indicate the temperature grade.

As integrated circuits in the 7400 series were made in different technologies, usually compatibility was retained with the original TTL logic levels and power-supply voltages. An integrated circuit made in CMOS is not a TTL chip, since it uses field-effect transistors (FETs) and not bipolar junction transistors (BJT), but similar part numbers are retained to identify similar logic functions and electrical (power and I/O voltage) compatibility in the different subfamilies.

Over 40 different logic subfamilies use this standardized part number scheme.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Page needed The headings in the following table are: VccTemplate:Snd power-supply voltage; tpdTemplate:Snd maximum gate delay; IOLTemplate:Snd maximum output current at low level; IOHTemplate:Snd maximum output current at high level; tpd, IOL, and IOH apply to most gates in a given family. Driver or buffer gates have higher output currents.

Code Family Vcc tpd IOL IOH YearTemplate:Efn Description
Bipolar TTL familiesTemplate:Efn
74 Standard TTL 5 V ±5% 22 ns 16 mA −0.4 mA 1966<ref name=ti_ttl_data_1981/>Template:Rp The original 7400 logic family. Contains no characters between the "74" and the part number.<ref name=ti_std_1985/>Template:Rp
74H High-Speed 5 V ±5% 10 ns 20 mA −0.5 mA 1967<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Higher speed than the original 74 series, at the expense of power dissipation. TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_ttl_data_1981/>Template:Rp<ref name=ti_std_1985/>Template:Rp
74L Low-Power 5 V ±5% 60 ns 3.6 mA −0.2 mA 1967<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Same technology as the original 74 family, but with larger resistors to lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels. Now obsolete.<ref name=ti_ttl_data_1981/>Template:Rp
74S Schottky 5 V ±5% 5 ns 20 mA −1 mA 1969<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Implemented using Schottky diode. High current draw. TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_ttl_data_1981/>Template:Rp<ref name=ti_std_1985/>Template:Rp
74LS Low-Power Schottky 5 V ±5% 15 ns 8 mA −0.4 mA 1971<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Same technology as the 74S family, but with lower power consumption (2 mW) at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_ttl_data_1981/>Template:Rp<ref name=ti_std_1985/>Template:Rp
74F FAST 5 V ±5% 3.9 ns 20 mA −1 mA 1978<ref name=fairchild_history/> Originally Fairchild's version of the 74AS family. TTL logic levels.<ref name=fairchild_fast_1980/>Template:Rp
74ALS Advanced Low-Power Schottky 5 V ±10% 11 ns 8 mA −0.4 mA 1980<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Same technology as the 74AS family, but with lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_as_als_1984/>Template:Rp
74AS Advanced Schottky 5 V ±10% 4.5 ns 20 mA −2 mA 1982<ref name="kuehn1986"/>Template:Rp Same technology as the 74S family, but with "miller killer" circuitry to speed up low-to-high transitions. TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_as_als_1984/>Template:Rp
CMOS and BiCMOS familiesTemplate:Efn
74C CMOS 3.0–15 V 60 ns 0.36 mA −0.36 mA 1975<ref name=natsemi_cmos_1975/>Template:Rp 74C is standard CMOS, similar to buffered 4000 (4000B) series. Input levels not compatible with TTL families. The 4000A series was introduced in 1968, the 4000B around 1975.
74HCTemplate:Efn High-Speed CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 15 ns 4 mA −4 mA 1983?<ref name=natsemi_74hc_1983/>Template:Rp citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name=natsemi_74hc_1983/>Template:Rp

74HCT High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 15 ns 4.8 mA −4.8 mA 1983?<ref name=natsemi_74hc_1983/>Template:Rp Similar performance to 74LS. TTL logic levels.<ref name=natsemi_74hc_1983/>Template:Rp
74HCTLS High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 15 ns 8 mA −4 mA 1988?<ref name=samsung_hctls_1988/>Template:Rp Samsung's version of the 74HCT series. TTL logic levels.<ref name=samsung_hctls_1988/>Template:Rp
74HCS Schmitt-Trigger Integrated High-Speed CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 13 ns 7.8 mA −7.8 mA citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Schmitt triggers on all inputs.<ref name=ti_74hcs00/> CMOS logic levels.
74AHCTemplate:Efn Advanced High-Speed CMOS 2.0–5.5 V 5.5 ns 8 mA −8 mA citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name=ti_ahc_1996/>Template:Rp Equivalent to 74VHC.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp

74AHCT Advanced High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 6.9 ns 8 mA −8 mA 1986?<ref name=idt_fct_1986/> Up to three times as fast as the 74HCT family. TTL logic levels.<ref name="Nexperica-Family-74AHC(T)"/><ref name=ti_ahc_1996/>Template:Rp Equivalent to 74VHCT.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp
74VHCTemplate:Efn Very High-Speed CMOS 2.0–5.5 V 5.5 ns 8 mA −8 mA 1992?<ref name=fairchild_74vhc00/> citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Equivalent to 74AHC.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp CMOS logic levels.

74VHCT Very High-Speed CMOS 5 V ±10% 6.9 ns 8 mA −8 mA 1995?<ref name=natsemi_74vhct00/> Equivalent to 74AHCT.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels.
74AC Advanced CMOS 2.0–6.0 V 8 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1985<ref name=natsemi_lv_1992/>Template:Rp CMOS logic levels.<ref name=fairchild_fact_1985/>Template:Rp Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACT Advanced CMOS 5 V ±10% 8 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1985<ref name=natsemi_lv_1992/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels.<ref name=fairchild_fact_1985/><ref name=toshiba_cmos_1990/>Template:Rp Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACQ Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs 2.0–6.0 V 6.5 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1989<ref name=fairchild_history/> Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions. Bus interface circuits only in this family. CMOS logic levels.<ref name=fairchild_74acq245/>
74ACTQ Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs 5 V ±10% 7.5 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1989<ref name=fairchild_history/> Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions.<ref name=fairchild_74actq00/> TTL logic levels.<ref name=fairchild_74acq245/>
74ABTTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Advanced BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 3.6 ns 20 mA −15 mA 1991?<ref name=signetics_abt_1991/> TTL logic levels.<ref name=nexperia_74abt00/>
74LVCE Low-Voltage CMOS 1.4–5.5 V 3.6 ns 32 mA −32 mA 2010?<ref name=diodes_lvce/> CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extended supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74LVC.<ref name=diodes_lvce/>
Low-voltage CMOS and BiCMOS familiesTemplate:Efn
74LVTTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage BiCMOS 2.7–3.6 V 4.1 ns 32 mA −20 mA 1992<ref name=ti_lvth_1999/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.<ref name=philips_74lvt00/> Note, original 1992 LVTs had bus-hold. However a 1996 redesign of LVT emphasized performance, so 1992 LVTs were renamed LVTH to denote the bus-hold feature explicitly in the device name. LVTH also added the high impedance during power up/down feature.<ref name="ti_lvth_1999" />
74LVQ Low-Voltage Quiet CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 9.5 ns 12 mA −12 mA 1992<ref name=natsemi_lv_1992/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels. Guaranteed incident-wave switching for 75 Ω lines.<ref name=natsemi_lv_1992/>Template:Rp
74LVTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage CMOS 2.7–3.6 V 18 ns 6 mA −6 mA 1993?<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels.<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp
74LVCTemplate:EfnTemplate:EfnTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 6 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1993?<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs.<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp
74ALVCTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS 1.65–3.6 V 3.0 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1994?<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name=nexperia_74alvc00/>

74VCX Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS 1.20–3.6 V 3.1 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1997<ref name=fairchild_history/> Fairchild's version of 74ALVC.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp 3.3 V tolerant inputs and outputs.<ref name=fairchild_74vcx00/>
74LCXTemplate:EfnTemplate:EfnTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 4.3 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1994<ref name=fairchild_history/> Fairchild's version of 74LVC.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.<ref name=natsemi_crossvolt_1994/><ref name=st_74lcx00/><ref name=toshiba_lvx_1994/>
74LVXTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS 2.0–3.6 V 9.7 ns 4 mA −4 mA 1994?<ref name=toshiba_lvx_1994/> TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Faster than 74VHC at low voltages.<ref name=toshiba_lvx_1994/>
74AUP Advanced Ultra-Low-Power 0.80–3.6 V 3.8 ns 4 mA −4 mA 2004?<ref name=ti_74aup1g00/> 3.3 V tolerant hysteresis inputs.<ref name="TI-Logic-Guide" />
74G Gigahertz 1.65–3.6 V 1.5 ns 12 mA −12 mA 2006<ref name=potato_press_2007/> Speeds over 1 gigahertz with 5 V tolerant inputs.<ref name=potato_74g00/>
Very-low-voltage CMOS families
74AUCTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Advanced Ultra-Low-Voltage CMOS 0.80–2.7 V 2.0 ns 9 mA −9 mA 2002?<ref name=ti_74auc16245/> 3.3 V tolerant inputs.<ref name=ti_74auc00/>
Limited families for special applicationsTemplate:Efn
74SC Standard CMOS 5 V ±5% 30 ns 10 mA −10 mA 1981?<ref name=gte_g74sc245/> Performance like Standard TTL at lower power consumption (intermediate step between 74C and 74HC). No simple gates in this family.<ref name=gte_g74sc245/><ref name=supertex_74sc245/>
74FCT Fast CMOS 5 V ±5% 7 ns 64 mA −15 mA 1986?<ref name=idt_fct_1986/> Manufactured in CMOS<ref name=idt_fct_1986/> or BiCMOS<ref name=ti_cd74fct245/> technology. Performance like 74F at lower power consumption. No simple gates in this family.
74BCT BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 6.6 ns 64 mA −15 mA 1988?<ref name=ti_bct_1988/> TTL logic levels. Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_bct_1988/>
74FBT Fast BiCMOS 5 V ±10% 4.1 ns 64 mA −24 mA 1990?<ref name=idt_fbt_1990/>Template:Rp Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=idt_fbt_1990/>Template:Rp
74FB Futurebus 5 V ±5% 5 ns 80 mA – Template:Efn 1992?<ref name=ti_abt_1992/>Template:Rp Futurebus+ interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_abt_1992/>Template:Rp
74GTL Gunning transceiver logic 5 V ±5% 4 ns 64 mA −32 mA 1993?<ref name=ti_abt_1994/>Template:Rp Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_abt_1994/>Template:Rp
74GTLPTemplate:Efn Gunning transceiver logic Plus 3.15–3.45 V 7.5 ns 50 mA – Template:Efn 1996<ref name=ti_gtlp_background/> Bus interface circuits only in this family. Fairchild's improved version of 74GTL (higher bus speed, lower ground bounce).<ref name=ti_gtlp_background/><ref name=ti_gtlp_2001/>Template:Rp
74CBTTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn Crossbar Switch 5 V ±10% 0.25 ns 64 mA −15 mA 1992?<ref name=ti_cbt_1993/>Template:Rp FET bus switches only in this family.<ref name=ti_cbt_1993/>Template:Rp
74FST Crossbar Switch 5 V ±5% 0.25 ns 30 mA −15 mA 1995?<ref name=idt_fst_1995/>Template:Rp FET bus switches only in this family.<ref name=idt_fst_1995/>Template:Rp IDT's version of 74CBT.<ref name="TI_2004_LRG"/>Template:Rp
74CBTLV Crossbar Switch Low-Voltage 2.3–3.6 V 0.25 ns 64 mA −15 mA 1997?<ref name=ti_cbtlv_1998/>Template:Rp FET bus switches only in this family.<ref name=ti_cbtlv_1998/>Template:Rp
74ALB Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS 3.0–3.6 V 2.0 ns 25 mA −25 mA 1996?<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_lv_1996/>Template:Rp
74LPT Low-Voltage CMOS 2.7–3.6 V 4.1 ns 24 mA −24 mA 1996?<ref name=harris_lpt_1997/>Template:Rp Bus interface circuits only in this family. 5 V tolerant inputs.<ref name=harris_lpt_1997/>Template:Rp
74AVCTemplate:Efn Advanced Very-Low-Voltage CMOS 1.40–3.6 V 1.7 ns 12 mA −12 mA 1998?<ref name=ti_74avc16245/> 3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_74avc16245/>
74ALVTTemplate:Efn Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS 2.3–3.6 V 2.5 ns 64 mA −32 mA 1999?<ref name=ti_alvt_1999/> citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="TI-Logic-Guide" /> Bus interface circuits only in this family.

74AHCV Advanced High-Speed CMOS 1.8–5.5 V 7.5 ns 16 mA −16 mA 2016?<ref name=nexperia_74ahcv245/> CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extended supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74AHC.<ref name=nexperia_74ahcv245/> Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.
74AXCTemplate:Efn Advanced Extremely-Low-Voltage CMOS 0.65–3.6 V 4 ns 12 mA −12 mA 2018?<ref name=ti_74axch8t245/> 3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.<ref name=ti_74axc2t245/>
74LXCTemplate:Efn Low-Voltage CMOS 1.1–5.5 V 7 ns 32 mA −32 mA 2019?<ref name=ti_74lxch8t245/> Extended supply voltage range compared to 74LVC. Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.<ref name=ti_74lxch8t245/><ref name=ti_lxc_overview/>

Template:Notelist

File:Niveaux logiques CMOS-TTL-LVTTL.png
Comparison of logic levels for various 7400 families

Many parts in the CMOS HC, AC, AHC, and VHC families are also offered in "T" versions (HCT, ACT, AHCT and VHCT) which have input thresholds that are compatible with both TTL and 3.3 V CMOS signals. The non-T parts have conventional CMOS input thresholds, which are more restrictive than TTL thresholds. Typically, CMOS input thresholds require high-level signals to be at least 70% of Vcc and low-level signals to be at most 30% of Vcc. (TTL has the input high level above 2.0 V and the input low level below 0.8 V, so a TTL high-level signal could be in the forbidden middle range for 5 V CMOS.)

The 74H family is the same basic design as the 7400 family with resistor values reduced. This reduced the typical propagation delay from 9 ns to 6 ns but increased the power consumption. The 74H family provided a number of unique devices for CPU designs in the 1970s. Many designers of military and aerospace equipment used this family over a long period and as they need exact replacements, this family is still produced by Lansdale Semiconductor.<ref name="LansdaleSemi">Lansdale Semiconductor home page.</ref>

The 74S family, using Schottky circuitry, uses more power than the 74, but is faster. The 74LS family of ICs is a lower-power version of the 74S family, with slightly higher speed but lower power dissipation than the original 74 family; it became the most popular variant once it was widely available. Many 74LS ICs can be found in microcomputers and digital consumer electronics manufactured in the 1980s and early 1990s.

The 74F family was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor and adopted by other manufacturers; it is faster than the 74, 74LS and 74S families.

Through the late 1980s and 1990s newer versions of thisTemplate:Which family were introduced to support the lower operating voltages used in newer CPU devices.

Characteristics of selected 7400 series families (VDD = 5 V)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Parameter 74C 74HC 74AC 74HCT 74ACT Units
VIH (min) 3.5 2.0 V
VOH (min) 4.5 4.9 V
VIL (max) 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.8 V
VOL (max) 0.5 0.1 V
IIH (max) 1 μA
IIL (max) 1 μA
IOH (max) 0.4 4.0 24 4.0 24 mA
IOL (max) 0.4 4.0 24 4.0 24 mA
tP (max) 50 8 4.7 8 4.7 ns

Part numberingEdit

File:74 Series Code.svg
Part numbering
File:74HC595.jpg
Surface-mount 74HC595 shift registers on a PCB. This 74HC variant uses CMOS signaling voltage levels while the 74HCT595 variant uses TTL signalling levels.
File:74HC595-HD.jpg
Die of a 74HC595 8-bit shift register

Template:See also

Part number schemes varied by manufacturer. The part numbers for 7400-series logic devices often use the following designators:

  • Often first, a two or three letter prefix, denoting the manufacturer and flow class of the device. These codes are no longer closely associated with a single manufacturer, for example, Fairchild Semiconductor manufactures parts with MM and DM prefixes, and no prefixes. Examples:
  • Two digits for temperature range. Examples:
    • 54: military temperature range
    • 64: short-lived historical series with intermediate "industrial" temperature range
    • 74: commercial temperature range device
  • Zero to four letters denoting the logic subfamily. Examples:
    • zero letters: basic bipolar TTL
    • LS: low power Schottky
    • HCT: High-speed CMOS compatible with TTL
  • Two or more arbitrarily assigned digits that identify the function of the device. There are hundreds of different devices in each family.
  • Additional suffix letters and numbers may be appended to denote the package type, quality grade, or other information, but this varies widely by manufacturer.

For example, "SN5400N" signifies that the part is a 7400-series IC probably manufactured by Texas Instruments ("SN" originally meaning "Semiconductor Network"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>) using commercial processing, is of the military temperature rating ("54"), and is of the TTL family (absence of a family designator), its function being the quad 2-input NAND gate ("00") implemented in a plastic through-hole DIP package ("N").

Many logic families maintain a consistent use of the device numbers as an aid to designers. Often a part from a different 74x00 subfamily could be substituted ("drop-in replacement") in a circuit, with the same function and pin-out yet more appropriate characteristics for an application (perhaps speed or power consumption), which was a large part of the appeal of the 74C00 series over the competing CD4000B series, for example. But there are a few exceptions where incompatibilities (mainly in pin-out) across the subfamilies occurred, such as:

  • some flat-pack devices (e.g. 7400W) and surface-mount devices,
  • some of the faster CMOS series (for example 74AC),
  • a few low-power TTL devices (e.g. 74L86, 74L9 and 74L95) have a different pin-out than the regular (or even 74LS) series part.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • five versions of the 74x54 (4-wide AND-OR-INVERT gates IC), namely 7454(N), 7454W, 74H54, 74L54W and 74L54N/74LS54, are different from each other in pin-out and/or function,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Second sources from Europe and Eastern BlocEdit

File:K131la3.jpg
Soviet K131LA3, equivalent to 74H00
File:Electronic component ttl.jpg
Czechoslovak MH74S00, Texas Instruments SN74S251N, East German DL004D (74LS04), Soviet K155LA13 (7438)
File:CDB493E.jpg
Romanian CDB493E, equivalent to SN7493

Some manufacturers, such as Mullard and Siemens, had pin-compatible TTL parts, but with a completely different numbering scheme; however, data sheets identified the 7400-compatible number as an aid to recognition.

At the time the 7400 series was being made, some European manufacturers (that traditionally followed the Pro Electron naming convention), such as Philips/Mullard, produced a series of TTL integrated circuits with part names beginning with FJ. Some examples of FJ series are:

  • FJH101 (=7430) single 8-input NAND gate,
  • FJH131 (=7400) quadruple 2-input NAND gate,
  • FJH181 (=7454N or J) 2+2+2+2 input AND-OR-NOT gate.

The Soviet Union started manufacturing TTL ICs with 7400-series pinout in the late 1960s and early 1970s, such as the K155ЛA3, which was pin-compatible with the 7400 part available in the United States, except for using a metric spacing of 2.5 mm between pins instead of the Template:Convert pin-to-pin spacing used in the west.<ref name=ussr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Another peculiarity of the Soviet-made 7400 series was the packaging material used in the 1970s–1980s. Instead of the ubiquitous black resin, they had a brownish-green body colour with subtle swirl marks created during the moulding process. It was jokingly referred to in the Eastern Bloc electronics industry as the "elephant-dung packaging", due to its appearance.Template:Citation needed

The Soviet integrated circuit designation is different from the Western series:

  • the technology modifications were considered different series and were identified by different numbered prefixes – К155 series is equivalent to plain 74, К555 series is 74LS, К1533 is 74ALS, etc.;
  • the function of the unit is described with a two-letter code followed by a number:
    • the first letter represents the functional group – logical, triggers, counters, multiplexers, etc.;
    • the second letter shows the functional subgroup, making the distinction between logical NAND and NOR, D- and JK-triggers, decimal and binary counters, etc.;
    • the number distinguishes variants with different number of inputs or different number of elements within a die – ЛА1/ЛА2/ЛА3 (LA1/LA2/LA3) are 2 four-input / 1 eight-input / 4 two-input NAND elements respectively (equivalent to 7420/7430/7400).

Before July 1974 the two letters from the functional description were inserted after the first digit of the series. Examples: К1ЛБ551 and К155ЛА1 (7420), К1ТМ552 and К155ТМ2 (7474) are the same ICs made at different times.

Clones of the 7400 series were also made in other Eastern Bloc countries:<ref name=ia6/>

  • Bulgaria (Mikroelektronika Botevgrad) used a designation somewhat similar to that of the Soviet Union, e.g. 1ЛБ00ШМ (1LB00ShM) for a 74LS00. Some of the two-letter functional groups were borrowed from the Soviet designation, while others differed. Unlike the Soviet scheme, the two or three digit number after the functional group matched the western counterpart. The series followed at the end (i.e. ШМ for LS). Only the LS series is known to have been manufactured in Bulgaria.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=ia50/>Template:Rp
  • Czechoslovakia (TESLA) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefix MH. Example: MH7400. Tesla also produced industrial grade (8400, −25 ° to 85 °C) and military grade (5400, −55 ° to 125 °C) ones.
  • Poland (Unitra CEMI) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefixes UCA for the 5400 and 6400 series, as well as UCY for the 7400 series. Examples: UCA6400, UCY7400. Note that ICs with the prefix MCY74 correspond to the 4000 series (e.g. MCY74002 corresponds to 4002 and not to 7402).
  • Hungary (Tungsram, later Mikroelektronikai Vállalat / MEV) also used the 7400 numbering scheme, but with manufacturer suffix – 7400 is marked as 7400APC.
  • Romania (I.P.R.S.) used a trimmed 7400 numbering with the manufacturer prefix CDB (example: CDB4123E corresponds to 74123) for the 74 and 74H series, where the suffix H indicated the 74H series.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> For the later 74LS series, the standard numbering was used.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • East Germany (HFO) also used trimmed 7400 numbering without manufacturer prefix or suffix. The prefix D (or E) designates digital IC, and not the manufacturer. Example: D174 is 7474. 74LS clones were designated by the prefix DL; e.g. DL000 = 74LS00. In later years East German made clones were also available with standard 74* numbers, usually for export.<ref name=ddr>GDR semiconductor datasheet comparison Template:In lang.</ref>

A number of different technologies were available from the Soviet Union,<ref name=ussr/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> <ref name=museum>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> <ref name=kozak>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> <ref name=ia6>Template:Cite book</ref> Czechoslovakia,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> <ref name=ia50>Template:Cite book</ref> Poland,<ref name=ia6/><ref name=ia50/> and East Germany.<ref name=ddr/> The 8400 series in the table below indicates an industrial temperature range from −25 °C to +85 °C (as opposed to −40 °C to +85 °C for the 6400 series).

File:YUNTEN.gif
A 4-bit, 2-register, 6-instruction computer made entirely of 74-series chips on a solderless breadboard
Prefixes of Eastern European series
Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Poland East Germany
5400 7400 5400 7400 8400 5400 6400 7400 6400 7400 8400
74 133 К155 MH54 MH74 MH84 UCA54 UCA64 UCY74 D1 E1
74L 134,Template:Efn 136 КР134, К158
74H 130 К131 UCA64H UCY74H D2 E2
74S 530 КР531 MH54S MH74S MH84S UCY74S DS
74LS 533 К555 UCY74LS DL...D DL...DG
74AS 1530 КР1530
74ALS 1533 КР1533 MH54ALS MH74ALS
74F 1531 КР1531
74HC 1564 КР1564
74HCT 5564 U74HCT...DK
74AC 1554 КР1554
74ACT 1594 КР1594
74LVC 5574
74VHC 5584

Template:Notelist

Around 1990 the production of standard logic ceased in all Eastern European countries except the Soviet Union and later Russia and Belarus. As of 2016, the series 133, К155, 1533, КР1533, 1554, 1594, and 5584 were in production at "Integral" in Belarus,<ref name=integral>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as well as the series 130 and 530 at "NZPP-KBR",<ref name=nzpp-kbr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 134 and 5574 at "VZPP",<ref name=vzpp>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 533 at "Svetlana",<ref name=svetlana>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 1564, К1564, КР1564 at "NZPP",<ref name=nzpp>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 1564, К1564 at "Voshod",<ref name=voskhod>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 1564 at "Exiton",<ref name=exiton>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 133, 530, 533, 1533 at "Mikron" in Russia.<ref name=mikron2020>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Russian company Angstrem manufactures 54HC circuits as the 5514БЦ1 series, 54AC as the 5514БЦ2 series, and 54LVC as the 5524БЦ2 series.<ref name=angstrem>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2024, the 133, 136, and 1533 series are in production at Kvazar Kyiv in Ukraine.<ref name=kvazar>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

Books
App Notes
Fairchild Semiconductor / ON Semiconductor
Nexperia / NXP Semiconductor
Texas Instruments / National Semiconductor
Toshiba

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=7400-series_integrated_circuits&oldid=205172"