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Army National Guard

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military unit The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and the District of Columbia), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.<ref name="Call up">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Guard's origins are usually<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Efn

ActivationEdit

The ARNG operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. It may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as civil disorder.<ref name="Call up" /> The District of Columbia Army National Guard is a federal militia, controlled by the president of the United States with authority delegated to the secretary of defense, and through him to the secretary of the Army.<ref>National Archives and Records Administration, Executive Order 11485—Supervision and control of the National Guard of the District of Columbia, 1 October 1969</ref>

Members or units of the ARNG may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, into United States service.<ref name="recognized officers">10 USC 12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States</ref><ref name="recognized enlisted">10 USC 12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United States: enlistment in</ref> If mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the U.S. ARNG, which is a reserve component of the U.S. Army.<ref name="National Guard">32 USC 101. Definitions (NATIONAL GUARD)</ref><ref>10 USC 12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status</ref><ref>10 USC 10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition</ref> Individuals volunteering for active federal service may do so subject to the consent of their governors.<ref>North Atlantic Treaty organization, Fact Sheet, National Reserve Forces Status: United States of America, 2006, p. 1</ref> Largely on the basis of a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, either for training or national emergency.<ref>National Guard Bureau, Today in Guard History (June), 11 June 1990, 2013</ref>

The president may also call up members and units of the ARNG, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws.<ref>10 USC 12406. National Guard in Federal service: call</ref> The Army National Guard is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard. The director of the ARNG is the head of the organization, and reports to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Because the ARNG is both the militia of the several states and a federal reserve component of the Army, neither the chief of the National Guard Bureau nor the director of the ARNG "commands" it. This operational command authority is performed in each state or territory by the state adjutant general, and in the District of Columbia by the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard when a unit is in its militia status. While under federal activation, the operational command authority is transferred to the commanders of the unified combatant commands, who command all U.S. forces within their area of responsibility. The chief of the National Guard Bureau and the director of the ARNG serve as the channel of communications between the Department of the Army and the ARNG in each state and territory, and administer federal programs, policies, and resources for the National Guard.<ref>Cornell University, legal Information Institute, 10 USC § 10503 – Functions of National Guard Bureau: Charter, accessed 20 June 2013</ref>

The ARNG's portion of the president's proposed federal budget for the 2018 fiscal year is approximately $16.2 billion to support an end strength of 343,000, including appropriations for personnel pay and allowance, facilities maintenance, construction, equipment maintenance and other activities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

HistoryEdit

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File:Arriving at Fort Jackson for Basic Training (2017).webm
ARNG recruits arriving at Fort Jackson for BCT

Units and formationsEdit

Deployable Army units are organized as Table of organization and equipment (TOE) organizations or modified table of organization and equipment (MTOE) organizations. Non-deployable units, such as a state's joint force headquarters or regional training institutes are administered as Table of distribution and allowance (TDA) units.<ref>U.S. Army Center of Military History, History of Table of Distribution and Allowances (TDA) Units, 30 May 1995, updated 20 May 2011.</ref>

CommandsEdit

DivisionsEdit

In addition to many deployable units which are non-divisional, the Army National Guard's deployable units include eight infantry divisions.<ref>Richard Goldenberg, U.S. Army, National Guard Division Leaders Gather to Face Challenges for Missions at Home, Overseas, 9 June 2010.</ref> These divisions, their subordinate brigades or brigades with which the divisions have a training oversight relationship, and the states represented by the largest units include:<ref>University of North Texas, U.S. Army National Guard Template:Webarchive, 17 January 2013</ref>

Army Aviation Magazine wrote on 31 March 2021 that "The ARNG is pressing forward with the Division Alignment for Training (DIV AFT) effort. The DIV AFT intent is to enhance leader development and training readiness through codified relationships across echelons and states to develop combat capable division formations for large scale combat operations. The Director, ARNG. recently convened a DIV AFT Initial Planning Conference to clarify unit alignments for all eight ARNG Division Headquarters and synchronize activities that will facilitate unity of effort between Division Headquarters and aligned for training States."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Multifunctional Support BrigadesEdit

The Army National Guard fields 37 multifunctional support brigades.

Maneuver Enhancement BrigadesEdit

Field Artillery BrigadesEdit

Sustainment BrigadesEdit

Military Intelligence BrigadesEdit

Functional Support Brigades and GroupsEdit

Engineer BrigadesEdit

Air Defense Artillery BrigadesEdit

Theater Tactical Signal BrigadesEdit

Military Police BrigadesEdit

Theater and Combat Aviation BrigadesEdit

Other brigadesEdit

Other GroupsEdit

Regular Army – Army National Guard PartnershipEdit

In 2016, the Army and the Army National Guard began a training and readiness initiative that aligned some Army brigades with National Guard division headquarters, and some National Guard brigades with Army division headquarters. Among others, this program included the National Guard's 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team becoming affiliated with the Army's 10th Mountain Division<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the National Guard's 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment affiliating with the Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division began an affiliation with the National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Army units partnering with Army National Guard headquarters include:

By stateEdit

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The Army and Air National Guard in each state are headed by the state adjutant general. The adjutant general (TAG) is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, and reports to the state governor.<ref>Bowling Green Daily News, Guard's Command Structure Unique in the Armed Forces, 27 June 1999</ref>

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State Abbr. State
AL Alabama
AK Alaska
AZ Arizona
AR Arkansas
CA California
CO Colorado
CT Connecticut
DE Delaware
DC District of Columbia
FL Florida
GA Georgia
GU Guam
HI Hawaii
ID Idaho
IL Illinois
IN Indiana
IA Iowa
KS Kansas

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State Abbr. State
KY Kentucky
LA Louisiana
ME Maine
MD Maryland
MA Massachusetts
MI Michigan
MN Minnesota
MS Mississippi
MO Missouri
MT Montana
NE Nebraska
NV Nevada
NH New Hampshire
NJ New Jersey
NM New Mexico
NY New York
NC North Carolina
ND North Dakota

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State Abbr. State
OH Ohio
OK Oklahoma
OR Oregon
PA Pennsylvania
PR Puerto Rico
RI Rhode Island
SC South Carolina
SD South Dakota
TN Tennessee
TX Texas
UT Utah
VT Vermont
VA Virginia
VI U.S. Virgin Islands
WA Washington
WV West Virginia
WI Wisconsin
WY Wyoming

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Legacy units and formationsEdit

File:47th Division Shoulder Patch.svg
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 47th Infantry Division, inactivated in 1991
File:50th US Armored Division SSI.svg
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 50th Armored Division, inactivated in 1993

Several units have been affected by Army National Guard reorganizations. Some have been renamed or inactivated. Some have had subordinate units reallocated to other commands. A partial list of inactivated major units includes:

LeadershipEdit

File:National Guard Bureau organizational chart.jpg
National Guard Bureau organizational chart depicting command and reporting relationships
File:Army National Guard staff org. chart.jpg
Army National Guard staff organizational chart
File:Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen is new Army National Guard director 200810-A-QU728-074.jpg
Chief of the National Guard Bureau Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson administers the oath of office to Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen as the 22nd director of the Army National Guard on Monday, 10 August 2020 at the Temple Army National Guard Readiness Center in Arlington, Virginia.

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions; Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Each were headed by a major general who reported to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The head of the Army National Guard was originally established as the chief of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau. The position was downgraded to brigadier general in 1962 due to force reduction. It was renamed to Director of the Army National Guard and elevated back to major general in 1970. The position was later elevated to the rank of lieutenant general in 2001. The Army National Guard is also authorized a deputy director which was originally established as a brigadier general office in 1970. It was elevated to the rank of major general in 2006.

The director of the Army National Guard oversees a staff which aids in planning and day-to-day organization and management. In addition to a chief of staff, the director's staff includes several special staff members, including a chaplain and protocol and awards specialists. It also includes a primary staff, which is organized as directorates, divisions, and branches. The directorates of the Army National Guard staff are arranged along the lines of a typical American military staff: G-1 for personnel; G-2 for intelligence; G-3 for plans, operations and training; G-4 for logistics; G-5 for strategic plans, policy and communications; G-6 for communications; and G-8 for budgets and financial management.

List of chiefs and directorsEdit

Template:Abbr Commander Term
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
Chiefs of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau

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Directors of the Army National Guard

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Prominent membersEdit

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U.S. presidentsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Of the 45Template:Efn individuals to serve as president of the United States Template:As of, 33 had military experience. Of those 33, 21 served in the militia or ARNG.

(Note: President George W. Bush served in the National Guard in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he was the first Air National Guard member to attain the presidency.)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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