Actually

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Actually (stylised as Pet Shop Boys, actually.) is the second studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, released on 7 September 1987 by Parlophone in the United Kingdom and by EMI Manhattan in North America. The album features two number one singles, "It's a Sin" and "Heart", and a duet with Dusty Springfield, "What Have I Done to Deserve This?" Actually is the Pet Shop Boys' top-selling album in the UK, certified triple platinum with over one million sales;<ref name="UKmillion"/> worldwide it has sold over four million copies.<ref name="4million"/>

Background and composition

For their second album, Pet Shop Boys still had material from their early songwriting days, including "It's a Sin" (1982), "Rent" (1984), and "One More Chance" which they had recorded with Bobby Orlando and released as an unsuccessful single outside the UK in 1984.<ref name="actuallyfurther">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref> "What Have I Done to Deserve This?" was a collaboration with songwriter Allee Willis, suggested by their manager Tom Watkins; they had hoped to include it on Please (1986) but had to wait for a response from Dusty Springfield.Template:Sfn

The duo also wrote new material. "Hit Music" was inspired by the Henry Mancini theme song "Peter Gunn" covered by Art of Noise.Template:Sfn The music for "I Want to Wake Up" was written by Chris Lowe;Template:Sfn the lyrics added by Neil Tennant compare unrequited love to a bad dream, mentioning the songs "Tainted Love" and "Love Is Strange". The chart-topper "Heart" was a song they considered giving to Hazell Dean but decided to keep for themselves.<ref name="rather good LP">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

"Shopping" began as a joke about spelling out the word as they were shopping, but the lyrics took a serious turn about the privatisation of national industries under Margaret Thatcher. The "Tell Sid" advertisements for British Gas, encouraging people to buy shares in the company, were a particular source of inspiration.<ref name="rather good LP"/>

Composer Ennio Morricone shares a songwriting credit on "It Couldn't Happen Here". Pet Shop Boys had contacted Morricone about writing a string arrangement for their song "Jealousy", but instead he sent them an Italian song to work with. Pet Shop Boys used the music from the chorus of Morricone's song and wrote a new verse,Template:Sfn with Lowe adding chord changes.<ref name="rather good LP"/> Angelo Badalamenti contributed an arrangement which was programmed into a Fairlight by Blue Weaver in lieu of an orchestra.Template:Sfn The title "It Couldn't Happen Here" refers to an early belief, discussed by Tennant and his friend Christopher Dowell, that AIDS would not greatly impact the UK. By the time Tennant wrote the lyrics, Dowell had been diagnosed with the disease; he died two years later.<ref name="100lyrics">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite podcast</ref>

The last track on the album, "King's Cross", depicts the area around King's Cross station in London, which at the time was a destination for drug addicts, prostitutes, and the homeless, as well as people coming by train from northern England and Scotland seeking opportunities.Template:Sfn According to Tennant, "It's an angry song about Thatcherism. Mrs Thatcher came in on the promise of firm government and I'm interpreting 'the smack of firm government' literally as hitting someone. That's what firm government tends to mean—you hit the weakest person, the man at the back of the queue".Template:Sfn With this and songs like "Shopping" and "It Couldn't Happen Here", Tennant noted that Actually can be taken loosely as a critique of Thatcherism.Template:Sfn

Recording

Actually was recorded at Sarm Studios and Advision Studios.<ref name="liner notes"/> On the album Pet Shop Boys worked with several producers, including Julian Mendelsohn and Stephen Hague. Mendelsohn produced and engineered half of the album's ten tracks, including the lead single and UK number one "It's a Sin", while Hague, who had produced the duo's previous album Please, this time only produced a few tracks, including "What Have I Done to Deserve This?", and mixed "It's a Sin". "Heart", which went on to became a UK number one single, was produced by Andy Richards and mixed by Mendelsohn. Wanting to keep everything fresh and not lose perspective, the production method was usually to work only a few hours at the time on each track and then switch to another.<ref name="sound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Album cover

The album cover was originally going to feature a painting by Scottish artist Alison Watt, who had just won the National Portrait Gallery-supported John Player Portrait Award.<ref name=“Annually”>Template:Cite book</ref> The group traveled to Glasgow, along with photographer Eric Watson and designer Mark Farrow, to meet her. Sittings for the painting would have taken three weeks, so instead photos were taken of the duo in different poses. After a few weeks, Watt submitted the painting, but Lowe was unhappy with how he looked in it. The painting was reworked and although Tennant was pleased with it, Lowe still had reservations.<ref name=“Annually”/> It was decided that the painting wasn't right for the album and it was shelved. The painting was bought by Tennant.<ref name=“Annually”/>

While shooting the video for "What Have I Done to Deserve This?", photographer Cindy Palmano was commissioned to take photographs of them for a Smash Hits cover. She placed them in front of a waist-high piece of reflective metal, with a similar sheet behind them.<ref name=“Annually”/> The photo where Tennant is yawning and Lowe is scowling was the favourite and Smash Hits were keen to use it as a front cover. Eric Watson then took some photos, but it was thought these weren't strong enough for the album cover, so they were used for the inner sleeve.<ref name=“Annually”/> The group then decided that Palmano's photo was the best choice. The issue of Smash Hits was due to go to press the following day. They persuaded the magazine to release Palmano's photograph and agreed to do a hastily arranged photo session for them.<ref name=“Catalogue”/>

Inspired by Jean-Paul Goude's design for Grace Jones album Slave to the Rhythm, Mark Farrow tightly cropped the photo to remove the reflective background and just have the duo on a plain white background.<ref name=“Catalogue”>Template:Cite book </ref> Chris Lowe was, and remains, unhappy with the cover. However it has come to be seen as the defining image of them.<ref name=“Catalogue”/>

Release and promotion

Actually was released on 7 September 1987, debuting at number two on the UK Albums Chart behind Michael Jackson's Bad. It was in the top 40 for 42 consecutive weeks, with 15 weeks in the top 10.<ref name="UKcharts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the only Pet Shop Boys album to be certified triple platinum by BPI.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Actually was also certified platinum in seven other countries, including Germany where sales exceeded 500,000 (see Certifications and sales). In the United States, Actually peaked at number 25 and spent 45 weeks on the Billboard 200,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> selling over 750,000 copies with a gold certification.<ref name="USsales"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Actually produced four UK top 10 singles: the number-one single "It's a Sin", "Rent", "What Have I Done to Deserve This?"—which peaked at number two in both the UK and US and led to a resurgence of interest in Dusty Springfield's earlier work—and another UK number one in April 1988 with a remixed version of the song "Heart".<ref name=Levine>Template:Cite news</ref>

In television commercials for the release, Lowe and Tennant were shown in black tie, blank-faced against a white background. The former seems unimpressed by a radio DJ-style Alan 'Fluff' Freeman voiceover listing their previous hits and new singles from Actually, while the latter eventually "gets bored" and yawns, with the image then freezing to create, roughly, the album's cover shot.Template:Citation needed

During this period Pet Shop Boys also completed a full-length motion picture called It Couldn't Happen Here.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Featuring songs by the duo, it was most famous for containing the video for "Always on My Mind" (starring Joss Ackland as a blind priest), which—while not on Actually—was released as a single during this period.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Actually was re-released in 2001 as Actually: Further Listening 1987–1988. The new version was digitally remastered and came with a second disc of B-sides and previously unreleased material from around the time of the album's original release.<ref name="rhino">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A remastered single-disc edition of Actually, containing only the 10 original tracks, was released in 2009.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, a newly remastered edition of Actually: Further Listening 1987–1988 was released, with the same contents as the 2001 edition.<ref name="rhino"/>

Critical reception

Actually was generally well received by critics. At the time of its release, Chris White of Music Week said Actually was "well worth the wait with the duo coming up with another highly original and distinctive-sounding album" and called it a "great pop album which will deservedly be one of the year's biggest sellers".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In December 1987, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice praised it as "actual pop music with something actual to say—pure commodity, and proud of it."<ref name="Christgau"/> In his retrospective review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that Actually is the album where "the Pet Shop Boys perfected their melodic, detached dance-pop."<ref name="Erlewine"/>

Actually is featured in the 2005 musical reference book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and has been recognised in various other "must-listen" lists. In 2006, Q magazine included Actually in its list of the "40 Best Albums of the '80s" at number 22.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2012, Slant Magazine ranked the record at number 88 on its list of the "100 Best Albums of the 1980s".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2020, Rolling Stone placed Actually at number 435 on its list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Usage in other media

Although not released as a single, the track "Shopping" is frequently featured as background music in British television news and current affairs programmes dealing with retail business issues and as bumper music on home shopping shows.Template:Sfn This is despite the fact that the song is actually a critique of privatisation in 1980s Britain, and has little to do with actual shopping.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Shopping" was also used in a series 1 episode of the Disney Channel television series Lizzie McGuire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A more appropriate use of "Shopping" is in the fourth episode of Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain, dealing with privatisation and deregulation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

"King's Cross" served in the Japanese media as a commercial song for the Aurex's (owned by Toshiba) cassette tape recorder model XDR.Template:Citation needed The album is featured in the preview of Naughty Dog's game Intergalactic: The Heretic Prophet.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Actually: Further Listening 1987–1988.<ref name="liner notes">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

Pet Shop Boys

• Neil Tennant
• Chris Lowe

Additional musicians

• Dusty Springfield – guest vocals Template:Small
• Andy Richards – Fairlight and keyboard programming Template:Small
• J. J. Jeczalik – Fairlight programming Template:Small
• Gary Maughan – additional programming Template:Small
• Angelo Badalamenti – orchestra arrangement Template:Small
• Blue Weaver – Fairlight programming Template:Small
• Adrien Cook – programming Template:Small

Technical

• Julian Mendelsohn – production, engineering Template:Small; mixing Template:Small
• Stephen Hague – production Template:Small; mixing, additional production Template:Small
• David Jacob – engineering Template:Small; production Template:Small; mix engineering Template:Small
• Pet Shop Boys – production Template:Small
• Shep Pettibone – production Template:Small
• Dave Meegan – engineering Template:Small
• Andy Richards – production Template:Small
• Tony Phillips – engineering Template:Small

Artwork

• Mark Farrow – design
• Pet Shop Boys – design
• Cindy Palmano – cover photograph
• Eric Watson – inner sleeve photograph

Charts

Weekly charts

Template:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chart

1987 weekly chart performance for Actually

Chart (1987)	Peak position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	16
European Albums (Music & Media)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	4
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	1
French Albums (IFOP)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Select "PET SHOP BOYS" from the drop-down menu and click "OK".</ref>	19
Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	1
Italian Albums (Musica e dischi)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Select "Album" in the "Tipo" field, type "Pet Shop Boys" in the "Artista" field and press "cerca".</ref>	12
Spanish Albums (AFYVE)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	2

Template:Album chart

2018 weekly chart performance for Actually

Chart (2018)	Peak position

Year-end charts

1987 year-end chart performance for Actually

Chart (1987)	Position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)Template:Sfn	78
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	70
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	61
European Albums (Music & Media)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	33
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	42
UK Albums (Gallup)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	15

1988 year-end chart performance for Actually

Chart (1988)	Position
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	16
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	72
European Albums (Music & Media)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	22
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	10
UK Albums (Gallup)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	35

References

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