Aermacchi AL-60
Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox aircraft
_(18350167242).jpg){kind=link}
The Aermacchi AL-60 is a light civil utility aircraft of the late 1950s and early 1960s, originally designed by Al Mooney of Lockheed in the United States. After the company decided not to build the aircraft in the US, it was manufactured in small quantities in Mexico, and a few were assembled in Argentina (Santa Isabel, Córdoba) by Aviones Lockheed-Kaiser Argentina. It was also built in quantity under licence by Aermacchi in Italy<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Atlas Aircraft Corporation in South Africa.
Design and developmentEdit
In the late 1950s, the American aircraft designer Al Mooney, who had recently joined Lockheed after leaving the company that bore his name, was given the task of designing a utility aircraft, the CL-402, suitable for use in underdeveloped countries. As Lockheed could not build the design at an economic price in the United States, it was instead intended for the aircraft to be built under licence outside the United States, where labour costs were lower.<ref name="abap19">Simpson 2023, p. 19</ref><ref name="ae92p51">Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, p. 51</ref> The first prototype CL-402, powered by a Template:Convert Continental IO-470-G engine, flew for the first time at Lockheed's Marietta, Georgia on 15 September 1959, with a second prototype, powered by a turbocharged TSIO-470-B engine rated at Template:Convert followed a few months later.<ref name="abap19"/><ref name="ae92p512">Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, pp. 51–52</ref>
The initial production deal was made with Mexico, where a joint venture, Lockheed-Azcarate SA (LASA) was set up to build the CL-402 as the LASA-60, with a factory being built near San Luis Potosí.<ref name="ae92p51"/> Type certification by the US Federal Aviation Administration was received on 5 April 1960.<ref name="abap20">Simpson 2023, p. 20</ref> While it was planned that 240 aircraft would be built by LASA by 1963, the type was less popular than hoped, with LASA stopping production in April 1962.<ref name="ae92p52">Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, p. 52</ref> LASA built 41 LASA-60s, with 18 aircraft purchased by the Mexican Air Force.<ref name="abap20"/>
A second joint venture was set up with Argentina, between Lockheed and Industrias Kaiser Argentina, with the name Aviones Lockheed-Kaiser.<ref name="abap20"/><ref name="JAWA61 p7">Taylor 1961, p. 7.</ref> Production began of a batch of 16 aircraft in 1961, but was stopped after 11 had been completed.<ref name="abap20"/>
In Italy, Aermacchi purchased a licence to produce the type, first in its original configuration as the AL-60B, then in a modified version for various African customers as the AL-60C. This latter version changed from the original tricycle undercarriage to a taildragger arrangement.
The AL-60C version was built under license by Atlas Aircraft Corporation in South Africa. This aircraft was known as Atlas C4M Kudu. Over 40 aircraft were built and served the South African Air Force between 1974 and 1991.
A number of C4M Kudu aircraft are still flying privately and have proven well in the role of skydive release aircraft. They have been re-engined with turbine engines. This design is known as the Atlas Angel or Turbine Kudu.<ref>World Airnews - Kudu with a Turboprop - Birth of an Angel Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1968 Macchi sold the rights to the aircraft to Northwest Industries of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and the design was developed into the Northwest Ranger, with development continuing until 1972.<ref name="P&P">Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 58. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. Template:ISBN</ref>
VariantsEdit
- CL-402
- Lockheed prototypes powered by a turbocharged Template:Convert Continental TSIO-470-B engine.<ref name=":0" />
- CL-402-2
- As CL-402 but powered by a Template:Convert Continental IO-470-R engine.<ref name=":0" />
- LASA-60
- CL-402 and CL-402-2 built by Lockheed-Azcarate in Mexico. 44 built. Production in Argentina by Lockheed-Kaiser was canceled.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60B-1 Santa Maria
- Original Aermacchi-built version with tricycle landing gear and powered by a Template:Convert Continental IO-470-R engine. Four built.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>
- AL-60B-2 Santa Mari
- Production Aermacchi version tricycle landing gear and powered by a turbocharged Template:Convert Continental TSIO-470-B. 81 built.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60C-4
- Version with conventional landing gear, a separate pilot's door, a larger vertical stabilizer, and powered by a geared Template:Convert Lycoming GSO-480-B1 engine. One prototype built.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60C-4M Kudu
- Built by Atlas for the South African Air Force with a geared Template:Convert Lycoming GSO-480-B1B3 engine. 43 total built; three prototypes and 40 production aircraft.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60C-5 Conestoga
- Production version of the AL-60C-4 with a strengthened airframe and powered by a Template:Convert Lycoming IO-720-A1A engine. 13 built.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60D-3
- As AL-60B-2 but powered by a geared Continental GIO-470-R. One built.<ref name=":0" />
- AL-60F-5 Trojan
- As AL-60C-5 but with tricycle landing gear. One built.<ref name=":0" />
OperatorsEdit
- {{#invoke
- flag||Italy}}
- Italian Air Force operated one Aermacchi AL-60 from 1962 until 1963<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Air Force of Zimbabwe<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Specifications (AL-60B2)Edit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
NotesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Template:Cite magazine
- Template:Cite magazine
- Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961.
- Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.
External linksEdit
- photograph and details (in Spanish) of the sole Chilean example, c/n 1002
- Template:Usurped
- Atlas Kudu Survivors List with Pictures
- Aircraft.co.za - Aermacchi AL-60 / Atlas Kudu
Template:Lockheed Template:Aermacchi aircraft Template:Atlas/Denel aircraft