Ahmed Abdallah

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Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (Template:Langx, Template:Transliteration, 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989<ref name="deadoralive">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) was a top Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973,<ref>Page on the French Senate website</ref> and President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his assassination in 1989.<ref name="comores-online">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Life prior to the presidencyEdit

Abdallah was born in Domoni, on the island of Anjouan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He began participating in the government in the 1940s, while the Comoros were still part of France. He was the President of the general council from 1949 until 1953,<ref name=country>Security concerns - Comoros</ref> and was the chairman of the Chamber of Deputies from April 1970 to June 1970.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

First presidencyEdit

In 1972, Abdallah, now leader of his political party, the Comoros Democratic Union (UDC), became president of the government council and Chief Minister of the Comoros;<ref>A Political Chronology of Africa. Taylor & Francis, 2001, Template:ISBN, p. 92.</ref> he served in that position until 6 July 1975, when the islands became independent from France, (with the exception of Mayotte, which voted to remain part of France.)<ref name="mayotte">Template:Cite book</ref> Abdallah became the first president of the independent islands, but was overthrown by Said Mohamed Jaffar in a coup d'état on 3 August 1975.<ref name="nationsencyclopedia-history">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> Jaffar, in turn, would be overthrown by Ali Soilih in 1976.<ref name="eb">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

Second presidencyEdit

Abdallah (who had been living in exile Paris, France) was the nominal leader of the coup staged by mercenary Bob Denard on 13 May 1978.<ref name="nationsencyclopedia-history"/> After Said Atthoumani had served as "Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate" for ten days, Abdallah and Mohamed Ahmed assumed the titles of "Co-Chairmen of the Politico-Military Directorate".<ref name="ws">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 22 July, their titles were changed to "Co-Chairmen of the Directorate," and on 3 October, Abdallah became the lone chair.<ref name="ws"/> Abdallah was in fact a puppet leader with no power to make decisions of his own, and the real ruler of the Comoros was Denard, who served as the commander of the Presidential Guard.<ref>Hebditch, David & Connor, Ken How to Stage a Military Coup: From Planning to Execution, New York: Skyhorse, 2005 p.136</ref>

On 25 October, Abdallah assumed the title of president and remained in office until his death, despite three separate coup attempts against him.<ref name="columbia">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> In 1982, Abdallah had the UDC and all other parties abolished, and a new party, the Comorian Union for Progress (UCP), was set up.<ref name="nationsencyclopedia-politicalparties">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The Comoros became a one-party state, with the UCP being the only legal party, the regime became dictatorial, supervised by mercenaries who controlled the country and avoided various coup attempts. Some opponents of the regime are executed or disappear during this period. The only candidate to be allowed to stand for election, Ahmed Abdallah was re-elected on 30 September 1984, and his party won all seats in the Federal Assembly on 22 May 1987.<ref name="eb"/><ref name="nationsencyclopedia-politicalparties"/> During this time, Denard proceeded to plunder the Comorian economy as he became the largest single landowner in the Comoros, taking over all the best land, which he then developed into luxury hotel resorts for wealthy Western tourists who wished to enjoy the tropics.<ref>Axelrod, Alan Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies, Washington: CQ Press, 2013 p.78</ref>

AssassinationEdit

On 26 November 1989, he was shot dead in his Moroni office under highly disputed circumstances. It is generally believed that Denard had Abdallah assassinated for trying to dismiss him as commander of the Presidential Guard.<ref name="Axelrod, Alan p.78">Axelrod, Alan Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies, Washington: CQ Press, 2013 p.78</ref> At his trial in 1999 for Abdallah's murder in Paris, Denard claimed that Abdallah was assassinated by Abdallah Jaffar during a coup led by Ali Soilih's half-brother, Said Mohamed Djohar.<ref>World: Africa Comoros mercenary cleared of assassination BBC, 19 May 1999.</ref> Denard was acquitted for a lack of evidence as the judge ruled that the prosecution made only a circumstantial case that Denard was behind Abdallah's murder.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Axelrod, Alan p.78"/> Djohar took control of the country the next day.<ref name=country/> Denard tried to prevent Djohar from assuming the presidency, but this time, France, which found Denard an embarrassment, sent in military forces to gently usher Denard and his mercenaries out of the Comoros.

ReferencesEdit

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