Aklan

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Aklan, officially the Province of Aklan,Template:Efn is a province in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines. Its capital and largest town is Kalibo. The province is situated in the northwest portion of Panay Island, bordering Antique to the southwest, and Capiz to the southeast. Aklan faces the Sibuyan Sea and Romblon province to the north.

Aklan is most well-known for Boracay, a resort island 0.8 kilometer north of the tip of Panay. It is known for its white sand beaches and is considered one of the more prominent destinations in the country. The Ati-Atihan Festival of Kalibo has also been known worldwide, hence declared "The Mother of all Philippine Festivals." It is an annual celebration held on the third Sunday of January to honor the Santo Niño (Infant Jesus). The festival showcases tribal dancing through the town's main streets to the tune of ethnic music, with participants in indigenous costumes and gear.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:PD-notice</ref>

HistoryEdit

Template:More citations needed section

Early historyEdit

Aklan is believed to have been settled in the 13th century by settlers from Borneo, ruled by Datu Bangkaya, with his seat at Madyanos, near present-day Numancia.

Spanish colonial eraEdit

Several datus succeeded Datu Manduyog until the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi landed in Batan in 1565 and claimed the island for Spain, in early Spanish accounts it was called El Río de Aclán.

Japanese occupationEdit

In 1942, the Japanese invaded Aklan during World War II. In 1945, combined Filipino and American army along with Aklanon guerrillas liberated Aklan during the war in the Pacific.Template:Citation needed

Philippine independenceEdit

Aklan (Akean) became an independent province through Republic Act No. 1414 signed by Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay on April 25, 1956, separating Aklan from Capiz.<ref name="ChanRobles-RA1414">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The original towns were Altavas, Balete, Batan, Banga, Buruanga, Ibajay, Kalibo, Lezo, Libacao, Madalag, Malay, Makato, Malinao, Nabas, New Washington, Numancia, and Tangalan, then all part of the province of Capiz. The province was inaugurated on November 8, 1956. Jose Raz Menez was appointed the first governor of Aklan by President Magsaysay and he served until December 30, 1959.

In 1960, Godofredo P. Ramos became the first elected governor but upon resigning to run for Congress he was succeeded by the vice governor, Virgilio S. Patricio. In 1964, José B. Legaspi succeeded Patricio and he held office for two consecutive terms from 1964 to 1971.Template:Citation needed

GeographyEdit

File:Aklan River seen on Madalag Aklan.jpg

A view of the Aklan River

Aklan occupies the northern third of the island of Panay and is bordered by the provinces of Capiz from the southeast and Antique from the southwest. It also faces the Sibuyan Sea from the north. The province covers a total area of Template:Convert Template:PSGC detail, and includes the island of Boracay which is located at its northwestern tip.

Mount Nausang, is formerly the highest peak in Aklan, standing at Template:Cvt, the discovery of Mount Timbaban is much higher, with an elevation of Template:Cvt above sea level, Mount Timbaban is not considered as independent mountain, it is still part of Mount Madja-as sub-summit with only Topographic prominence peak of Template:Cvt above the isolation from the Parent peak. Located 6 km northwest of Mount Nausang and 4.8 km northeast of Mount Madja-as in Antique. Aklan River, is the longest river in the province with a total length of Template:Cvt long.

The province features high geographic diversity, ranging from white sandy beaches, mangroves and mountainous landscapes. Situated within the province is the river Akean, which appears unique due to its "boiling or frothing" appearance.

Administrative divisionsEdit

Aklan comprises 17 municipalities.Template:PSGC detail The province is divided into two legislative districts for congressional representation.Template:PSGC detail

File:Ph fil aklan.png

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	MunicipalityTemplate:Efn-lr		Population			Template:PSGC rubric	AreaTemplate:PSGC detail		DensityTemplate:Thinsp Template:Small		Template:Abbr
			Template:Small Template:PH census		Template:Small Template:PH census		km²	Template:Nowrap	/km²	Template:Nowrap
Template:Coord	Altavas		Template:Percent and number	24,619	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	14
Template:Coord	Balete		Template:Percent and number	28,920	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	10
Template:Coord	Banga		Template:Percent and number	39,505	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	30
Template:Coord	Batan		Template:Percent and number	32,032	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	20
Template:Coord	Buruanga		Template:Percent and number	19,003	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	15
Template:Coord	Ibajay		Template:Percent and number	49,564	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	35
Template:Coord	Kalibo	†	Template:Percent and number	80,605	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	16
Template:Coord	Lezo		Template:Percent and number	15,224	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	12
Template:Coord	Libacao		Template:Percent and number	28,241	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	24
Template:Coord	Madalag		Template:Percent and number	18,389	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	25
Template:Coord	Makato		Template:Percent and number	27,262	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	18
Template:Coord	Malay		Template:Percent and number	52,973	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	17
Template:Coord	Malinao		Template:Percent and number	23,194	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	23
Template:Coord	Nabas		Template:Percent and number	36,435	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	20
Template:Coord	New Washington		Template:Percent and number	45,007	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	16
Template:Coord	Numancia		Template:Percent and number	31,934	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	17
Template:Coord	Tangalan		Template:Percent and number	21,916	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	15
	Total			615,475	574,823	Template:PAGR	1,760.30	Template:Convert	Template:Sigfig	Template:Convert	327
		Template:Color box Template:ThinspProvincial capital					Template:Color box Template:ThinspMunicipality
Template:Notelist-lr

DemographicsEdit

Template:Philippine Census

The population of Aklan in the 2020 census was 615,475 people,Template:PH census with a density of Template:Convert.

Ethnic groupsEdit

The main inhabitants of the province are the Aklanon, who are part of the Visayan ethnic group. Other inhabitants include the Negrito, locally known as the Ati and the Sulod, a lesser known tribal group living in the hinterlands of Panay. Other Visayans also present are the Hiligaynon, Karay-a, and Capiznon.

Template:Bar box

Based on the 2000 census survey, Aklanon accounted for Template:Percent and number of the provincial population of 450,353. Other ethnic groups in the province were the Hiligaynon at Template:Percent and number, Tagalog at Template:Percent and number, Kankanaey at Template:Percent and number, and Cebuano at Template:Percent and number.<ref name="CensusGovPH-2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Aeta family at Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines.jpg

An Ati family in front of Kalibo Cathedral.

LanguagesEdit

The most prominent dialects in Aklan are Akeanon, Malaynon, and Buruanganon. Akeanon is spoken by a majority of the people, while Malaynon is spoken in Malay and Buruanganon is spoken in Buruanga. Hiligaynon is also widely spoken and understood in the province. Another dialect used is Ati, which is spoken by the tribe of the same name famous for the Ati-Atihan festival. Kinaray-a is spoken in the western part of the province bordering Antique. Capiznon is spoken in the eastern part of the province bordering Capiz. Tagalog and English are used in administration and business as the national official languages.

ReligionEdit

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CatholicismEdit

Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion of the people and Christian festivals such as Christmas and Lent are regarded with high importance. Meanwhile, Christian icons such as the Santo Niño are regarded as cultural symbols of the people. Animism, however, is still practised by the Ati. The Aglipayan Church or the Iglesia Filipina Independiente is the second most predominant religion in the province.

OthersEdit

Other religions in the province include Members Church of God International (MCGI),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Iglesia ni Cristo, and Islam.

EconomyEdit

Template:Stack

File:Boracay Blue Calm.jpg

A view of the Grotto in Boracay at dusk. Tourism is the main industry in Boracay.

The province of Aklan is designated as a first class province.Template:PSGC detail

AgricultureEdit

Aklan depends on agriculture, with palay being the top produce in the province. Rice plantations had an area of Template:Convert (0.39 percent of the total provincial agricultural area).<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

With the implementation of the Ginintuang Masaganang Ani (GMA) umaru rice production program using the Hybrid rice, production is expected to increase by 15 percent or an average of 10 metric tons per hectare in the succeeding years. However, the problem of low price support for rice still continues to affect the production sector.

In general, Aklan is sufficient in meat and other livestock and poultry products,<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" /> though in the inventory of livestock and poultry in the year 2000, hog and chicken had a decrease in population from 114,890 heads of hogs and 886,597 heads of chickens in 1999 to 95,950 heads of hogs and 782,820 heads of chicken in the 2000. The decrease in production was attributed to the following factors: high cost of feeds, feed supplements and biologics, livestock and poultry diseases, increasing price of chicks, and high cost of labor.

Coconuts still occupies the largest area planted among major permanent agriculture crops. The total area planted with coconut is Template:Convert.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" /> Ibajay ranks the largest with Template:Convert; followed by Balete with Template:Convert; Banga with umaru Template:Convert; Makato with Template:Convert; and, Altavas with Template:Convert. All the rest of the municipalities have areas below Template:Convert. However, in terms of copra production, Makato ranks number one with 2,770 metric tons per year; next is Balete with 2,669; and Libacao with 2,399. The rest produce less than 2000 metric tons. Total production is 25,375 metric tons annually.

Other crops produced include bananas (Lakatan), mangoes, rambutan, and lanzones, as well as fiber crops such as piña fiber and abaca.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" />

AquacultureEdit

Fishpond areas had a total area of Template:Convert.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" /> Of the total fishpond areas, Template:Convert are with Fishpond Lease Agreement (FLA); Template:Convert are with permits; Template:Convert are on process/application; and, Template:Convert are titled.

IndustryEdit

Aklan is a top producer of abaca,<ref name="TheDailyGuardian">Template:Cite news</ref> which are dyed and made into cloths or place mats, bags, wall decors and fans.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" />

The piña cloth, considered the "Queen of the Philippine Fabrics", is a prime produce of Kalibo, weaved from its unique crude wooden or bamboo handloom.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" />

Lezo is known for its red clay, used by the natives to make pots, vases and various novelty items.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Economy" /> Template:Clear left

GovernmentEdit

Elected Officials:

Member of the House of Representative:
- Representative, 1st District of Aklan: Carlito S. Marquez
- Representative, 2nd District of Aklan: Teodorico T. Haresco Jr.
Governor: Jose Enrique M. Miraflores
Vice Governor: Reynaldo M. Quimpo
Sangguniang Panlalawigan Members:

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

1st District:

Nemesio P. Neron
Mark V. Quimpo
Mark Ace L. Bautista
Teddy C. Tupas
Apolinar C. Cleope

Template:Col-break

2nd District:

Jay E. Tejada
Romeo M. Dalisay
Jupiter Aelred G. Gallenero
Bayani M. Cordova
Plaridel M. Solidum

Template:Col-end

PCL President (Philippine Councilors League): Roly O. Equiña, Jr.
ABC President (Association of Barangay Captains): Ralf A. Tolosa
SK Provincial Federation Chairman: Edmundo M. Tolentino, Jr.

TransportationEdit

RoadEdit

Aklan is accessible via highways and buses. Buses with routes from Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique connect Aklan with neighboring provinces. The Iloilo–Capiz–Aklan Expressway (ICAEx) is a proposed expressway on the island of Panay that will run from Iloilo City to Caticlan, Malay. A Template:Convert limited-access bridge connecting Caticlan to Boracay is also being proposed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) as part of its Public-Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

AirportsEdit

File:Kalibo Airport, Philippines.jpg

Kalibo International Airport

Aklan is famous for Boracay, a resort island Template:Convert north from the tip of Panay. It is known for its white sandy beaches and is considered one of the most prominent destinations in the Philippines. Because of this, there is frequent air travel to the province's airports in Kalibo and Caticlan; Kalibo International Airport itself is about ten minutes from the main plaza. Both airports serve direct flights to and from Taipei; Hong Kong; Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu in China; and Incheon and Busan in Korea, through international flights served by Air Asia Zest Airways, All Nippon Airways, Jin Air, Tiger Air Philippines, Etihad Airlines and PAL Express, Cebu Pacific Air and Philippine Airlines.

The following are the airports in Aklan:

Kalibo International Airport (under CAAP)
Godofredo P. Ramos Airport (under public private partnership (PPP) with San Miguel Corporation)

SeaportsEdit

The following are the seaports in the province:

Template:Div col

Alegria Port
Batan Port
Cagban Port
Caticlan Jetty Port
Tabon Port
Tambisaan Port
Gibon Port
Colong-Colong Port
Dumaguit Port
Kalibo Jetty Port
New Washington Port

Template:Div col end

CultureEdit

Despite the prevalence of Christianity, native beliefs about the aswang and the babaylan are still prevalent among the people. Kulam or witchcraft, locally known as amulit is still feared by many residents.

CuisineEdit

Two main dishes associated with Aklan and Aklanons are inubaran<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and binakol.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Inubaran, is a Filipino chicken stew or soup made with chicken cooked with diced banana pith, coconut milk (gata) or coconut cream (kakang gata), a souring agent, lemongrass, and various spices. The souring agent (called aeabihig) is traditionally either batuan fruits (Garcinia morella) or libas leaves (Spondias pinnata). The name means "[cooked] with ubad (banana pith)", not to be confused with ubod (palm heart); although ubod can sometimes be used as a substitute for ubad which can be difficult to acquire. Variants of the dish can also be made with other types of meat or seafood. It is a type of ginataan.<ref name="Polistico">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="langyaw.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Binakol, also spelled binakoe, is a Filipino chicken soup made from chicken cooked in coconut water with grated coconut, green papaya (or chayote), leafy vegetables, garlic, onion, ginger, lemongrass, and patis (fish sauce). It can also be spiced with chilis. Binakol can also be cooked with other kinds of meat or seafood. It was traditionally cooked inside bamboo tubes or directly on halved coconut shells.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Linapay also known as tinamuk, is a dish related to Laing but from Aklan in the Western Visayas. It is made from pounded freshwater shrimp (ueang) mixed with gawud (grated young coconut meat) and wrapped with taro leaves (gutaw) and cooked in coconut milk.<ref name="langyaw.com"/>

FestivalsEdit

The province is known for its festivities which includes the Ati-Atihan festival in Kalibo.<ref name="AklanGovPH-Kalibo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Originally, the festival was to celebrate the treaty between the Ati and the Malayan tribes who settled in the Island. The Ati live in the mountain regions and the Malay people in the flatlands or close to the water. The festivity begins on the dry season, at which time the Ati come down from the mountains to trade and celebrate with the Malayan tribes. When the Spaniards settled in the region and converted the Malays to their Christian religion, they asked the Malays to celebrate this festivity to coincide with the Feast of the Santo Niño (Holy Child) which is usually held during the third week of January.

Ati-Atihan FestivalEdit

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File:Parade-Goers At Kalibo Ati-Atihan Festival, Philippines.jpg

Participants in the Ati-Atihan Festival parade

The Ati-Atihan Festival is a feast held annually in honor of the Santo Niño (Infant Jesus), held on the third Sunday of January in the town of Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines, on the island of Panay. It originally came from Batan, Aklan, then adopted later by some neighboring towns. The name Ati-Atihan means "to be like Atis" or "to make believe Atis", the local name for the Aeta aborigines who first settled in Panay Island and other parts of the archipelago.

The festival consists of tribal dance, music, accompanied by indigenous costumes and weapons, and parade along the street. Christians and non-Christians observe this day with religious processions. It has inspired many other Philippine Festivals including the Sinulog Festival of Cebu City and Dinagyang of Iloilo City, both adaptations of the Kalibo's Ati-Atihan Festival, and legally holds the title "The Mother of All Philippine Festivals", being the oldest festival in the Philippines and in spite of the other Sinulog and Dinagyang festivals' claims of the same title.

The costumes worn at the festival is patterned after the African tribal design like those seen at the Rio Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A 1200 A.D. event explains the origins of the festival. A group of 10 Malay chieftains called Datus, fleeing from the island of Borneo settled in the Philippines, and were granted settlement by the Ati people, the tribes of Panay Island. Datu Puti made a trade with the natives and bought the plains for a golden salakot, brass basins and bales of cloth. They gave a very long necklace to the wife of the Ati chieftain. Feasting and festivities followed soon after.

Some time later, the Ati people were struggling with famine as the result of a bad harvest. They were forced to descend from their mountain village into the settlement below, to seek the generosity of the people who now lived there. The Datus obliged and gave them food. In return, the Ati danced and sang for them, grateful for the gifts they had been given.

The festivity was originally a pagan festival from this tribe practicing Animism, and their worshiping their anito god. Spanish missionaries gradually added a Christian meaning. Today, the Ati-Atihan is celebrated as a religious festival.

In 2012, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the ICHCAP of UNESCO published Pinagmulan: Enumeration from the Philippine Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The first edition of the UNESCO-backed book included the Ati-atihan Festival, signifying its great importance to Philippine intangible cultural heritage. The local government of Aklan, in cooperation with the NCCA, was given the right to nominate the Ati-atihan Festival in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

The people attend masses for the Santo Niño, and benefit dances sponsored by government organizations. The formal opening mass emphasizes the festival's religious event. The procession begins with a rhythmic drumbeats, and dances parading along the streets. The second day begins at dawn with a rosary procession, which ends with a community mass, and procession. The phrase "Hala Bira! Pwera Pasma!" is originally associated with the Sto. Nino Ati-Atihan Festival as the revelers and devotees keep on going with the festivities all over the town from morning to the wee hours of the next morning, rain or shine, for one week or even more. They believe that the miraculous Child Jesus will protect them from harm and illness. The highlight of the festival occurs on the third Saturday of January, when groups representing different tribes compete for tourists' attention and prizes. The festival ends with a procession of thousands of people carrying torches and different kinds of images of the Santo Niño on the third Sunday. The contest winners are announced at a masquerade ball which officially ends the festival.

Bariw FestivalEdit

Bariw Festival is a unique festival showcasing the skills of every Nabasnon in weaving bags, mats and hats made of bariw leaves – the prospering livelihood in the municipality. It is highlighted by the dance performance of local talent and ingenuity to the beat of the drums and indigenous rhythm celebrated every May 14 of the year.

Bugna FestivalEdit

Bugna Festival is a festival showcasing the different locally produced products and eco-tourism destinations of Tangalan like the marine sanctuary and coral garden, Afga Point, Campo Verde, Jawili Falls, Bughawi beach and reforestation project every May 16 of the year.

Kali-Ugyon FestivalEdit

Kali-Ugyon Festival (kali stands for Kalipayan or happiness and Ugyon meaning "unity"). This is the festival celebrated in Libacao every December 30 to January 1, costumed in modern and indigenous outfits bringing people together on the streets for merry-making and to drive away evil spirits in the coming New Year.

LiteratureEdit

Aklanons are known for their literature, which includes the epic of Kalantiao. Certain Aklanons, such as Melchor F. Cichon, Roman Aguirre, have produced several notable literary works in the province.

Universities and collegesEdit

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Aklan is the home of the Regional Science High School for Region VI (RSHS-VI), one of the specialized system of public secondary schools in the Philippines.

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