Amaethon
Template:Short descriptionTemplate:Infobox deity
In Welsh mythology, Amaethon (Template:Langx ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}), meaning "Amaethon son of Dôn") was the god of agriculture, and the son of the goddess Dôn<ref name="Cotterell">Cotterell, Arthur: The Encyclopedia of Mythology, page 97. Hermes House, 2007. Template:ISBN</ref> and Beli Mawr,<ref name="IoMGAmaethon">Template:Cite book</ref> and brother to Arianrhod, Penarddun, Gilfaethwy, Gofannon, Gwydion, and Nudd.<ref name="IoMGAmaethon" /> His name means "labourer" or "ploughman",<ref name="Cotterell" /><ref name="CelticWorld"> Celtic Deities, A to C at Celtic World </ref><ref name="IoMGAmaethon" /> and he is cited as being responsible for the Cad Goddeu, or "Battle of Trees", between the lord of the otherworld, Arawn, and the Children of Dôn (the Welsh version of the Tuatha Dé Danann).<ref name="Cotterell" /><ref name="CelticWorld" />
SourcesEdit
The principal reference to Amaethon appears in the medieval Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen,<ref name="IoMGAmaethon" /> where he was the only man who could till a certain field, one of the impossible tasks Culhwch had been set before he could win Olwen's hand.
In the obscure early Welsh poem Cad Goddeu, a possible reference is made to Amaethon/Amathaon, but the passage is obscure. One possible interpretation, if the reading is accepted, is that he steals a dog, lapwing and roebuck from Arawn, king of Annwn (the otherworld), leading to a battle between Arawn and the Children of Dôn. Gwydion used his magic staff to turn trees into warriors who helped the children of Dôn win.<ref>Cad Goddau: The Battle of the Trees. translation by Lady Charlotte Guest Template:Webarchive, Welsh original Template:Webarchive. Jones' Celtic Encyclopaedia.</ref>
In one of the triads invented by Iolo Morganwg, he teaches magic to his brother Gwydion (this is not accepted as a genuine medieval triad by modern scholars).
EtymologyEdit
This theonym is derived from Proto-Celtic *Ambaxtonos meaning great follower, servant or ploughman, an augmentative form of ambactos (ultimately from *ambhi-ag-to-<ref>Proto-Celtic—English, English—Proto-Celtic lexicon from the University of Wales. Cf. also the Indo-European and Celtic data Template:Webarchive collected at the University of Leiden.</ref>).
NotesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Ellis, Peter Berresford, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology(Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): Template:ISBN
- MacKillop, James. Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Template:ISBN.
- Wood, Juliette, The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art, Thorsons Publishers (2002): Template:ISBN