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Amazonite

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox mineral

Amazonite, also known as amazonstone,<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: | 

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  }}{{#ifeq:  ||}}</ref> is a green tectosilicate mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline.<ref name="EB1911"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its chemical formula is KAlSi3O8,<ref name="Walter" /><ref name="Mindat">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which is polymorphic to orthoclase.

Its name is taken from that of the Amazon River, from which green stones were formerly obtained, though it is unknown whether those stones were amazonite.<ref name="EB1911"/> Although it has been used for jewellery for well over three thousand years, as attested by archaeological finds in Middle and New Kingdom Egypt<ref>Harrell and Osman 2007</ref> and Mesopotamia, no ancient or medieval authority mentions it. It was first described as a distinct mineral only in the 18th century.<ref name="Ostrooumov">Mikhail Ostrooumov, Amazonite: Mineralogy, Crystal Chemistry, and Typomorphism (Elsevier, 2016), p. 1–12.</ref>

Green and greenish-blue varieties of potassium feldspars that are predominantly triclinic are designated as amazonite.<ref name="Pivec1981">Template:Cite journal</ref> It has been described as a "beautiful crystallized variety of a bright verdigris-green"<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> and as possessing a "lively green colour".<ref name="EB1911"/> It is occasionally cut and used as a gemstone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

OccurrenceEdit

Amazonite is a mineral of limited occurrence. In Bronze Age Egypt, it was mined in the southern Eastern Desert at Gebel Migif. In early modern times, it was obtained almost exclusively from the area of Miass in the Ilmensky Mountains, Template:Convert southwest of Chelyabinsk, Russia, where it occurs in granitic rocks.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Amazonite is now known to occur in various places around the world. Those places are, among others, as follows:

Australia:

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China:

Libya:

Mongolia:

  • Avdar Massif, Töv Province: found in alkali granite<ref name="Pivec1981"/>

Ethiopia:

South Africa:

  • Mogalakwena, Limpopo Province<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sweden:

United States:

ColorEdit

For many years, the source of amazonite's color was a mystery.<ref name="mineralogist"/> Some people assumed the color was due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors.<ref name="mineralogist">Template:Cite journal</ref> A 1985 study suggests that the blue-green color results from quantities of lead and water in the feldspar.<ref name="mineralogist"/> Subsequent 1998 theoretical studies by A. Julg expand on the potential role of aliovalent lead in the color of microcline.<ref name="Julg">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Other studies suggest the colors are associated with the increasing content of lead, rubidium, and thallium ranging in amounts between 0.00X and 0.0X in the feldspars, with even extremely high contents of PbO, lead monoxide, (1% or more) known from the literature.<ref name="Pivec1981"/> A 2010 study also implicated the role of divalent iron in the green coloration.<ref name="Mindat"/> These studies and associated hypotheses indicate the complex nature of the color in amazonite; in other words, the color may be the aggregate effect of several mutually inclusive and necessary factors.<ref name="Ostrooumov"/>

HealthEdit

A 2021 study by the German Institut für Edelsteinprüfung (EPI) found that the amount of lead that leaked from an Template:Convert sample of amazonite into an acidic solution simulating saliva exceeded European Union standard DIN EN 71-3:2013's recommended amount by five times. This experiment was to simulate a child swallowing amazonite, and could also apply to new alternative medicine practices such as inserting the mineral into oils or drinking water for days.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GalleryEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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