Amphictyon

Template:Short description Amphictyon or Amphiktyon (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx), in Greek mythology, was a king of Thermopylae and later Athens. In one account, he was the ruler of Locris.<ref name=":0">Pseudo-Scymnos, Circuit de la terre 587 ff.</ref>

Etymology

The name of Amphictyon is a back-formation from Amphictyons, plural, from Latin Amphictyones, from Greek Amphiktyones, Amphiktiones, literally, "neighbors" or "those dwelling around" from amphi- + -ktyones, -ktiones (from ktizein to found); akin to Sanskrit kṣeti he dwells, kṣiti abode, Avestan shitish dwelling, Armenian šen inhabited, cultivated.<ref>Merriam-Webster sv. Amphictyon.</ref>

Family

Amphictyon was the second son of Deucalion<ref name=":0" /> and Pyrrha,<ref>Apollodorus, 1.7.2; Gantz, p. 167.</ref> although there was also a tradition that he was autochthonous (born from the earth);<ref name="Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3. 14. 6">Apollodorus, 3.14.6</ref> he was also said to be a son of Hellen, his brother in the first account.<ref>Fowler, p. 142; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 4.25.3.</ref> Amphictyon's other (possible) siblings besides Hellen were Protogeneia, Thyia, Pandora II, Melantho<ref>Tzetzes ad Lycophron, 208 (Gk. text)</ref>Template:AI-generated source (Melanthea) and Candybus.

Amphictyon married a daughter of King Cranaus of Athens.<ref name="Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1. 2. 6">Pausanias, 1.2.6</ref>

Amphictyon had a son, Itonus, who in his turn became the father of Boeotus, Iodame and Chromia by Melanippe.<ref>Pausanias, 5.1.4, 9.1.1 & 9.34.1; Tzetzes on Lycophron, 1206 (Gk text) with the historian Lycus as the authority</ref>Template:AI-generated source He also had a daughter, never mentioned by name, who became the mother of Cercyon by Poseidon, and of Triptolemus by Rarus.<ref>Pausanias, 1.14.3</ref> Some added that Amphictyon had another son, Physcus, by Chthonopatra,<ref>Eustathius on Homer, p. 277</ref> daughter of his brother Hellen.<ref>Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium 208 p. 376</ref> However, others stated that Physcus was the grandson of Amphictyon through Aetolus.<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Physkos (Φύσκος); Pseudo-Scymnos, Circuit de la terre 587 ff.</ref> In this late account, the kingdom of Locris was ruled from Amphictyon to Aetolus, then Physcus and eventually, Locrus who gave his name to the land.<ref name=":0" />

Mythology

One account related that during the reign of King Cranaus, Deucalion, who founded and ruled over Lycoreia in Mt. Parnassus, was said to have fled from his kingdom during the great flood with his sons Hellen and Amphictyon, and seek refuge to Athens.<ref>Eusebius, Chronicle 2, p. 26</ref> Later on, the latter became king of Thermopylae and brought together those living round about the temple and named them Amphictyons, and sacrificed on their behalf. While ruling in his new kingdom, Amphictyon's brother Hellen emigrated to Phthiotis where he became the ruler.<ref>Parian Chronicle 3, 5–7</ref>

Eventually, Amphictyon deposed Cranaus and proclaimed himself king of Athens.<ref name="Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3. 14. 6" /><ref name="Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1. 2. 6" /> Amphictyon ruled the kingdom for 10, or in some accounts, 12 years and founded the Amphictyonic League which traditionally met at Thermopylae in historical times.<ref>Pausanias, 10.8.1; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 4.25.3</ref> During his rule, Dionysus was supposed to have visited him in Athens and taught him how to mix water with wine in the proper proportions.<ref>Eustathius on Homer, p. 1815</ref> Amphictyon was later on dethroned by Erichthonius, another autochthonous king of Athens.<ref name="Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3. 14. 6" />Template:S-start Template:S-reg Template:Succession box Template:S-end

See also

• Amphictyonic league, or Amphictyony, an ancient religious association of tribes

References

Primary sources

• Dionysus of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. English translation by Earnest Cary in the Loeb Classical Library, 7 volumes. Harvard University Press, 1937–1950. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
• Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitatum Romanarum quae supersunt, Vol I-IV. . Karl Jacoby. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1885. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Template:ISBN. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
• Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Pseudo-Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Template:ISBN. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
• Stephanus of Byzantium, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt, edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. Online version at the Topos Text Project.

Secondary sources

• Fowler, R. L. (2013), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2013. Template:ISBN. Google Books.
• Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: Template:ISBN (Vol. 1), Template:ISBN (Vol. 2).
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Amphictyon"