Anchor Brewing Company
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} Anchor Brewing Company was a brewery on Potrero Hill in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1896, the brewery underwent several changes in location and ownership throughout its history. After years of declining sales due to competition with larger breweries, Anchor was purchased by Frederick Louis “Fritz” Maytag III in 1965, preventing its closure.<ref name="Hampson17">Template:Cite book</ref> The brewery operated at its Potrero Hill location from 1979 and was one of the last remaining producers of steam beer, a variety of beer trademarked by the company.<ref name="Hampson17"/>
In 2010, the company was purchased by The Griffin Group, an investment and consulting company focused on alcohol brands, and became part of Anchor Brewers & Distillers, LLC.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2017, the company was acquired by Sapporo Breweries for US$85 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sapporo's ownership oversaw significant declines in revenue for the brewery, and in 2023, Anchor Brewing ceased operations, with plans to liquidate the business.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In July 2023, Anchor Brewing closed, and its workers attempted to buy out the firm as a worker-owned cooperative.<ref name="coop">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Instead, on May 31, 2024, Chobani CEO Hamdi Ulukaya announced that he was buying the company and its associated assets. He said that he planned to restart the company and keep its operations in San Francisco.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
HistoryEdit
Early brewingEdit
The brewery that would become Anchor was built during the California Gold Rush when Gottlieb Brekle arrived from Germany and began brewing steam beer in San Francisco. In 1896, Ernst F. Baruth and his son-in-law, Otto Schinkel, Jr., bought the old brewery, creating Anchor Brewing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This original location was completely destroyed in the fires that engulfed San Francisco following the 1906 earthquake. It was rebuilt at a different location in 1907. After the deaths of Baruth and Schinkel, the brewery was run by Joseph Kraus and August Meyer until Prohibition forced the brewery to shut down. There is no record of what Anchor did during Prohibition, but it resumed operations at a new location once Prohibition in California came to an end in 1933.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, the new location burned down in 1944, with Kraus reopening Anchor at another location the same year.
The brewery continued operations through the 1950s, but suffered heavily from the country's increasingly strong preference for beers produced by mega-breweries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While there had been more than 4,000 breweries at the turn of the twentieth century, shifts in the industry due to Prohibition and the consolidation of brewing companies meant that only 70 remained by the 1960s.<ref name="chron">Template:Cite news</ref> As a result of declining sales, Anchor shut down in 1959, but was bought and reopened the following year at a new location by Lawrence Steese.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Purchase by MaytagEdit
By 1965, the brewery was once again suffering from poor sales. The quality of Anchor's beer had deteriorated under Steese due to a lack of expertise, proper equipment, and poor sanitation standards, which prevented the consistent production of a commercially viable product. The brewery gained a reputation for producing sour beer, and convincing existing distributors to continue to sell the beer became a challenge.<ref name=ogle>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1965, Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III bought the brewery, saving it from closure.<ref name=sfbrwgm>Template:Cite news</ref> Maytag purchased 51% of the brewery for a few thousand dollars, and purchased the brewery outright in 1969.<ref>Anchor Brewing Company -- Company History</ref> By 1971, the brewery began to bottle steam beer (along with other varieties of beer, most notably a Christmas ale) under the direction of Fritz. Fritz purchased an old coffee roastery on Potrero Hill to serve as Anchor's new location in 1979. This building serves as the current location of the brewery.<ref name=shawlbs>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Turning the failing brewery around required more money than Maytag had from his inherited fortune from the Maytag Company. Between the initial purchase of Anchor and producing the first batches of bottled beer in 1971, Maytag had to learn the brewing process from scratch, invest in new equipment, and improve sanitation in the brewing process.<ref name=ogle/> The result was a new beer that was a definitive representative of California common beer, but a derivative to the historic steam beer manufactured by Anchor through the previous century.<ref name=stmmkcc>Template:Cite news</ref>
Before offering in bottles, sales were only as draft beer to thirty local establishments that had long carried the brand. Total production was only 800 barrels in 1969, 1,200 in 1970, and 2,100 in 1971.<ref name=tlstmbrb>Template:Cite news</ref> The bottles were initially sold in four-packs, to keep the price close to mainstream six-packs.<ref name=ascodd>Template:Cite news</ref>
Growth and developmentEdit
Due to its sale at many local establishments, Anchor's steam beer was well-known in the San Francisco area, having a reputation of local importance that grew under Maytag's ownership. In 1977, Arnold Schwarzenegger portrayed an Anchor Brewing employee in an episode of Streets of San Francisco, with Fritz Maytag making a cameo as another employee. During the 1980s, Anchor's Steam Beer began to gain national attention and demand increased. Anchor ultimately served as an early example of a microbrewery, being among the first American breweries to produce porters, barley wine, and India pale ales with regularity. Its success both regionally and nationally inspired others to enter the brewing business,<ref name="chron"/> notably New Albion.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1989, the company produced a limited beer named Ninkasi, based on a 4000-year-old Sumerian recipe found in a ode to the Sumerian goddess of beer known as the “Hymn to Ninkasi.”<ref name=ASF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The recipe started with a twice-baked bread known as bappir as well as malt and was sweetened with honey and dates. It did not include hops or other bittering ingredients, making it considerably sweeter than modern beers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The recipe is described by Charlie Papazian.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Also in 1989, the brewing process for a batch of beer was interrupted during the Loma Prieta earthquake. The resulting (altered) brew was released as normal Anchor Steam, but with an inverted label; this beer has come to be referred to as Earthquake Beer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1993, the company opened Anchor Distillery, a microdistillery in the same location as the brewery, and began making a single malt rye whiskey, named Old Potrero, after the hill on which the brewery stands. In 1997, the microdistillery began producing a gin, called Junípero—Spanish for juniper, and a reference to Fr. Junípero Serra, an important figure in San Francisco's and California's history. The distillery also produces a Jenever style gin called Genevieve, using wheat, barley, rye, and the same herbal ingredients as their Junípero gin.
In 2010, Maytag sold the company to former Skyy vodka executives Keith Greggor and Tony Foglio, from Novato, California, who planned to expand Anchor's business while keeping its commitment to artisan brewing.<ref name="chron"/> In 2013, the brewery launched Anchor California Lager, a re-creation of a historic Boca Brewing lager from the 1870s.<ref name="california-lager">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The brewery also announced a major expansion plan at Pier 48 in the Mission Rock neighborhood near Oracle Park,<ref name="pier48">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which would expand Anchor's maximum annual production capacity from 180,000 barrels to 680,000 barrels.<ref name="pier48"/>
In 2014, Anchor officially announced Anchor IPA,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> the first India Pale Ale in the brewery's history.<ref name="holl2014">Template:Cite news</ref> Anchor ended production of its winter seasonal Bock in 2014<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> and replaced it a year later with Anchor Winter Wheat.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
Purchase by Sapporo and unionizationEdit
In 2017, Anchor was purchased by Sapporo for $85 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Working conditions and pay at Anchor had been in a state of decline since Maytag had sold the company, and this trend continued under Sapporo's ownership despite the company's larger holdings. This led to further dissatisfaction among the brewery's workers. In 2018, several workers at Anchor, among them Brace Belden, formed an organizing committee and coordinated with the DSA chapter in San Francisco to develop a plan for unionization with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union. The unionization efforts were overwhelmingly supported by local bars which served Anchor Steam Beer in the city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2019, Anchor Brewing workers voted by an almost 2-to-1 margin to join the International Longshore and Warehouse Union making Anchor Brewing – including Anchor Public Taps, the brewery's on-site brew pub – the first unionized craft brewery in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The three-year union contract was officially ratified in 2020, providing workers with increased wages, health insurance, and other benefits.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2021, Anchor Brewing announced a major makeover of their logo and beer labels. On the eve of their 125th birthday, the brewery replaced their vintage-looking labels with a large Anchor logo in a two-tone color schemes per beer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Most labels were not changed in decades or at all. The design change was met with criticism by consumers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Announced closureEdit
In 2023, union efforts to renew the existing contract were stalled, with Sapporo delaying negotiations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Soon after, Anchor announced it would no longer distribute nationally and would cease production of its signature Christmas Ale.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On July 12, 2023, Sapporo announced it was ceasing operations at Anchor and liquidating the business. Sapporo blamed the closure on decreased sales at restaurants and bars caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, competition from other local brewers, and a shift in consumer preferences to alcoholic beverages other than beer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nyt_closure_coverage">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Employees were given a 60-day WARN notice on July 12.<ref name="Thomas">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Ting">Template:Cite news</ref> The announcement led to significant outrage from brewery workers, San Francisco bartenders, and locals, with passing drivers chanting "keep brewing" outside the building.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A spokesman for Sapporo quoted by the New York Times said that the firm sought a buyer for Anchor before announcing that the brewery would close, and that it was still possible one might emerge.<ref name="nyt_closure_coverage"/> To liquidate Anchor, Sapporo has elected to enter into an alternative to the traditional bankruptcy process known as "Assignments for the Benefit of Creditors".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Through the process, an "assignee" other than Sapporo will assume stewardship of Anchor and consider bids for the company's assets. Through this process, a new owner might emerge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In July 2023, Anchor Brewing closed, and its workers attempted to buy out the firm as a worker-owned cooperative.<ref name="coop"/> Instead, the founder and CEO of Chobani bought out the company in 2024, with the intention of restarting its operations.<ref name="chobani">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Purchase by Chobani founderEdit
On May 31, 2024, it was announced that the brewery would be purchased by the founder of Chobani and re-opened.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Former productsEdit
Anchor had a year-round range of seven beers, as well as several seasonal beers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2012, Anchor introduced the Zymaster series, which placed an emphasis on brewing tradition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These beers were generally of an extremely limited nature.
Core beersEdit
| Name | Alcohol by volume | Style | First brewed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchor Steam<ref name="Hampson17"/> | 4.8% | Steam beer | 1896 | |
| Anchor Small | 3.3% | Small beer | 1997 (Retired) | |
| Liberty Ale<ref name="Hampson17"/> | 5.9% | American pale ale | 1975 | |
| Anchor Porter | 5.6% | Porter | 1972 | |
| Old Foghorn | 8–10% | Barley wine | 1975 | |
| Brekle's Brown | 6.0% | Brown ale | 2010 (Retired) | |
| Anchor California Lager | 4.9% | American lager | 2012 | |
| Humming Ale | 5.9% | Export ale | 2009 (Retired) | |
| Anchor IPA | 6.5% | India pale ale | 2013 | |
| Our Barrel Ale<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
6.5% | Barrel-aged beer | 2009 |
Seasonal beersEdit
| Name | Alcohol by volume | Style | Availability | First brewed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter Wheat | 7% | Wheat beer | November–January | 2015 (Retired) |
| Saison | 7.2% | Saison | February–April | 2014 (Retired) |
| Summer Wheat | 4.5% | Wheat beer | May–July | 1984 (Retired) |
| BigLeaf Maple Autumn Red | 6% | Red ale | August–October | 2013 (Retired) |
| Christmas Ale (a.k.a. Our Special Ale) |
5–7% | Christmas beer | November–February | 1975 (Retired) |
Zymaster SeriesEdit
- No. 1: California Lager
- No. 2: Mark's Mild
- No. 3: Flying Cloud San Francisco Stout
- No. 4: Fort Ross Farmhouse Ale
- No. 5: Harvest One American Pale Ale
- No. 6: Saaremaa Ale<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- No. 7: Potrero Hill Sour Mash IPA
- No. 8: Luxardo Cherry Ale
<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>