Antonius Felix

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File:Coin Antonius Felix.jpg

Bronze prutah minted by Antonius Felix.
Obverse: Greek letters ΝΕΡ ΩΝΟ Ϲ ("of Nero") in wreath.
Reverse: Greek letters ΚΑΙϹΑΡΟϹ ("Caesar") and date LC (year 3 = 56/57), palm branch.

Antonius Felix (possibly Tiberius Claudius Antonius Felix,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> in Greek: ὁ Φῆλιξ; born Template:Circa) was the fourth Roman procurator of Judea Province in 52–60, in succession to Ventidius Cumanus. He appears in the New Testament in Acts 23 and 24, where the Apostle Paul is brought before him for a trial.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

LifeEdit

Felix was the younger brother of Greek freedman Marcus Antonius Pallas who served as a secretary of the treasury during the reign of Emperor Claudius. According to Tacitus, Pallas and Felix descended from the Greek Kings of Arcadia.<ref>Cornelius Tacitus, Annals 12.53-54</ref>

Procurator of JudaeaEdit

File:The Herods of the Bible.svg

Schematic family tree showing the relationship between Felix and the Herodian Dynasty and its appearance in the New Testament

Felix became the procurator by the petition of his brother. Felix's cruelty and his accessibility to bribes (see Book of Acts Template:Bibleverse-nb) led to a great increase of crime in Judaea. The period of his rule was marked by internal feuds and disturbances, which he put down with severity.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: |

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In 58, Felix hired assassins to murder Jonathan the High Priest, shortly after Jonathan took office.<ref name = "Antiquities of the Jews' Jonathan"/> Jonathan had often criticized Felix about governing Jewish affairs, and he threatened to report to Caesar if Felix did not do well. Felix persuaded Doras, one of Jonathan's most trusted friends and a citizen of Jerusalem, to hire robbers to kill Jonathan by promising to give him a large sum of money. Doras arranged for some hired men to mingle with the worshippers in the Temple in Jerusalem with daggers hidden under their garments. These assassins killed Jonathan during a Jewish festival and were never caught.<ref name = "Antiquities of the Jews' Jonathan">Josephus, Flavius. Antiquities of the Jews 20.8.5</ref>

The Apostle Paul was arrested in Jerusalem and rescued from a plot against his life, and Claudius Lysias transferred him to Caesarea, where he stood trial before Felix. Felix and his wife Drusilla heard Paul's discourse and sent for him to talk with him. However, Felix's actual desire was to receive a bribe from Paul, which Paul refused to do (Template:Bibleverse). Felix was succeeded as procurator after detaining Paul for two years, but he left him imprisoned as a favor to the Jews (Acts 24:27).

Upon returning to Rome, Felix was accused of using a dispute between the Jews and the Syrians of Caesarea as a pretext to slay and plunder the inhabitants, but he escaped unpunished through the intercession of his brother Pallas, who had great influence with Emperor Nero.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Porcius Festus succeeded him as procurator of Judea.

Marriages and familyEdit

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} Felix married three times. His first wife was Drusilla of Mauretania, probably the daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania and Julia Urania. Felix's second wife was the Judean Drusilla of Judea, daughter of Herod Agrippa I and Cypros. Drusilla of Judea divorced Gaius Julius Azizus, King of Emesa to marry Felix.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The couple had a son, Marcus Antonius Agrippa, who died, along with many of the inhabitants of Pompeii and Herculaneum, in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on 24 August 79. Antonia Agrippina (whose name was found in graffiti in a Royal Tomb in Egypt) may have been a granddaughter from Agrippa. His third wife's name is not attested. A man named Lucius Anneius Domitius Proculus is described in an inscription as the great-grandson of Felix, his grandmother is named as Antonia Clementiana, presumably Felix's daughter. Another inscription names a Tiberius Claudius (with a missing cognomen) who was in some way associated with a Titus Mucius Clemens.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Marcus Antonius Fronto Salvianus (a quaestor) and his son Marcus Antonius Felix Magnus (a high priest in 225) are possible descendants as well.

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

Livius.org: Marcus Antonius Felix
Roman coinage of Felix can be seen under Roman Procurators at [1]
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200272136?q=Felix&p=doc

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Antonius Felix

Contents

LifeEdit

Procurator of JudaeaEdit

Marriages and familyEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit