Ar-Rahman

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Ar-Rahman<ref name="Quran 4 U">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Template:Langx; Template:Small the Merciful;<ref>George Sale translation</ref> Most Gracious;<ref>Muhammad Asad translation</ref> Most Merciful<ref>Saheeh International</ref>) is the 55th Chapter (Surah) of the Qur'an, with 78 verses; (āyāt). The Surah was revealed in Mecca and emphasizes themes of mercy, creation, and the relationship between Allah and humanity, making it a significant chapter in Islamic teachings. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The title of the surah, Ar-Rahman, appears in verse 1 and means "The Most Beneficent". The divine appellation "ar-Rahman" also appears in the opening formula which precedes every surah except Sura 9 ("In the Name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy"). English translations of the surah's title include "The Most Gracious",<ref>The Message of the Qur’an, English edition, Muhammad Asad (The Book Foundation)</ref> "The All Merciful",<ref>The Koran, trans. A. J. Arberry (Oxford Islamic Studies Online), Q55.</ref> "The Lord of Mercy",<ref>The Qur’an, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 353.</ref> "The Beneficent", and "The Mercy-Giving". In the fourth century CE south Arabian pagan inscriptions started to be replaced by monotheistic expressions, using the term rahmān.<ref name=RSEQ>Robert Schick, Archaeology and the Quran, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</ref>

There is disagreement over whether Ar-Rahman ought to be categorized as a surah of the Meccan or Medinan period. Theodor Nöldeke and Carl Ernst have categorized it among the surahs of the early Meccan period (in accordance with its short ayah length), but Abdel Haleem has categorized it in his translation as Medinan,<ref name="Haleem, The Qur’an, 353">Haleem, The Qur’an, 353.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> although most Muslim scholars place Sūrat ar-Rahman in the Meccan period.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to traditional Egyptian chronology, Ar-Rahman was the 97th surah revealed.<ref>Carl Ernst, How to Read the Qur'an (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 40.</ref> Nöldeke places it earlier, at 43,<ref>Ernst, How to Read the Qur'an, 44.</ref> while Ernst suggests that it was the fifth surah revealed.<ref>Ernst, How to Read the Qur'an, 215.</ref>

• ۞ 1-4 God taught the Quran to the human.
• 5-16 God the creator of all things.
• 17-25 God controlled the seas and all that is therein
• 26-30 God ever liveth, though all else decay and die
• 31-40 God will certainly judge both men and jinn
• 41-45 God will consign the wicked to hell-fire
• 46-78 The joys of Paradise described <ref>Template:Cite book Template:PD-notice</ref>

Structure

Ar-Rahman is composed entirely in saj’, the rhymed, accent-based prose characteristic of early Arabic poetry.<ref>"Rhyming Prose", in Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an, ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe (Leiden: Brill, 2001).</ref>

The most notable structural feature of Ar-Rahman is the refrain "Which, then, of your Lord’s blessings do you both deny?"<ref name="Haleem, The Qur’an, 353"/> (or, in Arberry’s rendering, "O which of your Lord's bounties will you and you deny?"<ref>Arberry, The Koran, Q55:15.</ref>), which is repeated 31 times in the 78 verses.

Chapter 55 (Surah Rahman) is composed of 26 couplets, 4 tercets, and an introductory stanza of 13 verses all ending with this refrain. The final couplet is followed by a blessing of God's name.<ref name="structure">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Thematically, Ar-Rahman can be divided into roughly three units.<ref name="structure"/>

• Verses 1-30 expound upon natural displays of Allah's creative power and mercy in showering those who inhabit the earth with blessings.
• Verses 31-45 describe the final judgment and the terrible punishment that will be inflicted upon sinners.
• Verses 46–78, by contrast, detail the delights that await the pious in paradise.

Ayat (Verses)

Q55:70-77 Houri

Muhammad Asad asserts that the "noun hur – rendered as 'companions pure' – is a plural of both ahwar (masculine) and hawra’ (feminine), each describing a person distinguished by hawar, a term that denotes 'intense whiteness of the eyeballs and lustrous black of the iris.' Asad, along with Yusuf Ali and Marmaduke Pickthall, translates this verse as:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Template:Quote According to Ibn Kathir, the believer will be given a tent 60 miles wide, made of pearl, such that his wives will not see each other. The believer will visit them all.<ref name="Quran 4 U" />Template:Rp The Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an says that they (the Houri) are good and righteous virgins and are intended to have intercourse only with their husbands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Hadith

Owing to the sura’s poetic beauty, it is often regarded as the 'beauty of the Quran',<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in accordance with a hadith: Abdullah ibn Mas'ud reported that Muhammad said, "Everything has an adornment, and the adornment of the Qur'an is Surah Ar-Rahman" <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

External links

• Q55:1, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
• reader.quranite.com chapter=55

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