Arad County
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Arad County ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is an administrative division (județ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of Arad. The Arad County is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
NameEdit
In Hungarian, it is known as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in Serbian as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and in German as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. The county was named after its administrative center, Arad.
GeographyEdit
The county has a total area of Template:Cvt, representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the Arad Plain, Low Mures Plain, and The High Vinga Plain. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountains and the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the Apuseni Mountains, a major group of the Western Carpathians.
NeighboursEdit
Template:Romanian counties map
- Alba County and Hunedoara County to the East.
- Hungary to the West - Békés and Csongrád Counties.
- Bihor County to the North.
- Timiș County to the South.
Climate and precipitationEdit
In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10 °C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9 °C, 8 °C and 6 °C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height. Average amounts of precipitation is between Template:Cvt annually in the lowlands, Template:Cvt annually in the hills and piedmonts and Template:Cvt annually in the mountainous area.
Hydrographic networkEdit
The hydrographic network is composed of the two main rivers plus their tributaries and channels.
- Mureș - Corbeasca, Troaș, Bârzava, Milova, Cladova
- Crișul Alb - Hălmăgel, Valea de la Lazuri, Tăcășele, Cremenoasa, Zimbru, Valea Deznei, Valea Monesei, Tălagiu, Honțisor, Chisindia, Cigher
Lakes, ponds and channelsEdit
- Tauț, Seleuș, Cermei, Rovine, Matca (Ghioroc) Lakes and Gypsy Pond
- Matca, Canalul Morilor, Canalul Morilor, Ier, Criș Channels
EconomyEdit
Along with Timiș County it forms one of the most developed regions in Romania. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins.
The predominant industries in the county are:
- Machine and automotive components
- Food
- Textiles
Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at Căprioara and Moneasa, mineral waters at Lipova, Moneasa, Dorobanți, Curtici, Macea and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.
TourismEdit
The main tourist destinations are:
- The city of Arad;
- The Mureș Natural Floodplain Park;
- Bezdin Monastery;
- Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177);
- Lipova resort and city;
- Șoimoș, Dezna, and Șiria stone citadels;
- Moneasa resort;
- The areas around Săvârșin, Petriș, Macea, and Pecica.
DemographicsEdit
According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 410,143 and the population density was Template:Pop density.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Year | County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011" Template:Webarchive</ref> |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 476,207 Template:Steady |
| 1956 | 475,620 Template:Decrease |
| 1966 | 481,248 Template:Increase |
| 1977 | 512,020 Template:Increase |
| 1992 | 487,370 Template:Decrease |
| 2002 | 461,791 Template:Decrease |
| 2011 | 430,629 Template:Decrease |
| 2021 | 410,143 Template:Decrease |
PoliticsEdit
The Arad County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Administrative divisionsEdit
Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages.
- Municipalities
- Arad - capital city; population: 172,827 (as of 2002)
- Towns
- Communes
- Almaș
- Apateu
- Archiș
- Bata
- Bârsa
- Bârzava
- Beliu
- Birchiș
- Bocsig
- Brazii
- Buteni
- Cărand
- Cermei
- Chisindia
- Conop
- Covăsânț
- Craiva
- Dezna
- Dieci
- Dorobanți
- Fântânele
- Felnac
- Frumușeni
- Ghioroc
- Grăniceri
- Gurahonț
- Hălmagiu
- Hălmăgel
- Hășmaș
- Ignești
- Iratoșu
- Livada
- Macea
- Mișca
- Moneasa
- Olari
- Păuliș
- Peregu Mare
- Petriș
- Pilu
- Pleșcuța
- Săvârșin
- Secusigiu
- Seleuș
- Semlac
- Sintea Mare
- Socodor
- Șagu
- Șeitin
- Șepreuș
- Șicula
- Șilindia
- Șimand
- Șiria
- Șiștarovăț
- Șofronea
- Tauț
- Târnova
- Ususău
- Vărădia de Mureș
- Vârfurile
- Vinga
- Vladimirescu
- Zăbrani
- Zădăreni
- Zărand
- Zerind
- Zimandu Nou
Historical countyEdit
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AdministrationEdit
In 1930, the county was divided into nine districts (plăși):<ref name=Memoria>Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Arad</ref>
- Plasa Aradul-Nou (comprising 22 villages)
- Plasa Chișineu-Criș (comprising 19 villages)
- Plasa Hălmagiu (comprising 45 villages)
- Plasa Ineu (comprising 15 villages)
- Plasa Pecica (comprising 12 villages)
- Plasa Sfânta Ana (comprising 13 villages)
- Plasa Sebiș (comprising 37 villages)
- Plasa Șiria (comprising 11 villages)
- Plasa Radna (comprising 36 villages)
Subsequently, a tenth district was established having been carved out of Plasa Ineu:
- Plasa Târnova (comprising 16 villages)
Administration was re-organized in 1947, comprising 13 districts:<ref name=Arhivele_Nat>Arhivele Naționale ale României - Prefectura județului Arad 1867-1947</ref>
- Plasa Aradul-Nou
- Plasa Chișineu-Criș
- Plasa Curtici
- Plasa Gurahonț
- Plasa Hălmagiu
- Plasa Ineu
- Plasa Pecica
- Plasa Radna
- Plasa Săvârșin
- Plasa Sebiș
- Plasa Sfânta Ana
- Plasa Șiria
- Plasa Târnova
PopulationEdit
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans (Banat Swabians), 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528</ref>
Urban populationEdit
In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans (Banat Swabians), 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_525/>
IndustryEdit
The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, Astra cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad.<ref>Gerald Taylor Bloomfield, David and Charles, 1978, The World Automotive Industry, p. 243</ref> ASTRA Arad manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926.<ref>Georgano, George Nick, New York: Dutton Press, 1982, The New Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present (3rd ed.), p. 59</ref> The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per working day as of 1922.<ref>Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, Commerce Reports, Volume 1, p. 105</ref>
See alsoEdit
- Arad County of the Kingdom of Hungary
ReferencesEdit
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External linksEdit
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