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Architectural Association School of Architecture

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{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#if:|Template:Main other }}{{#if:|Template:Main other }}{{#if:|Template:Main other }}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox university with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | academic_affiliation | academic_affiliations | academic_staff | accreditation | address | administrative_staff | affiliation | affiliations | athletics_affiliations | athletics_nickname | athletics_nicknames | budget | campus | campus_type | campus_size | canton | caption | chair | chairman | chairperson | chancellor | city | closed | colors | colours | coor | coordinates | country | dean | director | doctoral | embedded | endowment | enrollment | established | faculty | footnotes | former_name | former_names | founder | founders | free | free1 | free2 | free_label | free_label1 | free_label2 | head | head_label | image | image_alt | image_name | image_size | image_upright | language | latin_name | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_size | logo_upright | map_size | mascot | mascots | module | motto | mottoeng | motto_lang | mottoeng | name | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nrhp | officer_in_charge | other | other_name | other_names | other_students | parent | postalcode | postcode | postgrad | prefecture | president | principal | province | provost | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_caption | rector | region | religious_affiliation | sporting_affiliations | sports_free | sports_free1 | sports_free2 | sports_free3 | sports_free_label | sports_free_label1 | sports_free_label2 | sports_free_label3 | sports_nickname | sports_nicknames | state | students | superintendent | top_free | top_free1 | top_free2 | top_free_label | top_free_label1 | top_free_label2 | total_staff | type | undergrad | vice_chancellor | vice-president | vice_president | visitor | website | zipcode }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | template = Infobox university | cat = Template:Main other | image; image_name | other_names; other_name | former_names; former_name | founders; founder | academic_affiliations; academic_affiliation | academic_staff; faculty | campus_type; campus | other_students; other | location; address | location; city | location; address | location; canton | location; prefecture | location; province | location; region | location; state | location; country | location; postalcode | location; postcode | location; zipcode | postalcode; postcode; zipcode | coordinates; coor | colors; colours | free_label; free_label1 | free; free1 | athletics_nicknames; sports_nicknames; athletics_nickname; sports_nickname; nickname | athletics_affiliations; sporting_affiliations | affiliation; affiliations | mascots; mascot | nrhp; embedded; module }} The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, commonly referred to as the AA, is the oldest private school of architecture in the UK.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The AA hosts exhibitions, lectures, symposia and publications.

HistoryEdit

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Plaque beside entrance

The Architectural Association was founded in 1847 as an alternative to the practice of training young men via apprenticeship to established architects. Apprenticeships offered no guarantee of educational quality or professional standards, and the system was believed to be "rife with vested interests and open to abuse, dishonesty and incompetence".<ref name="Bottoms">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Two articled pupils, Robert Kerr (1823–1904) and Charles Gray (1827/28–1881), proposed a systematic course of training provided by the students themselves.<ref name=Bottoms /> Following a merger with the Association of Architectural Draughtsmen, the first formal meeting under the name of the Architectural Association took place in May 1847 at Lyons Inn Hall, London.<ref>Records of the Architectural Association</ref> Kerr became the first president (1847–48).<ref>Past Presidents of the Architectural Association Template:Webarchive</ref> From 1859, the AA shared premises at 9 Conduit Street with the Royal Institute of British Architects,<ref name=Bottoms /> later (1891) renting rooms in Great Marlborough Street.<ref name=Bottoms />

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AA Bedford Square premises

The AA School was formally established in 1890, and in 1901, it moved to the former Royal Architectural Museum in Tufton Street, Westminster. In 1917, it moved to its current location in Bedford Square, central London, and has since acquired additional London premises in John Street, a property on Morwell Street behind Bedford Square,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a Template:Convert site at Hooke Park in Dorset.

Historically, students of the AA have been addressed by John Ruskin and George Gilbert Scott in the 19th century, and, more recently, by Richard Rogers, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Denise Scott Brown, and David Chipperfield, an alumnus of the school.Template:Fact

Women at the AAEdit

Women were first admitted as students to the AA School during World War I in 1917,<ref>Minutes of an Ordinary General Meeting of the Architectural Association, 17 July 1917; and interleafed circular from AA President, H.M. Fletcher, alteration to By-law No.17 in AA Archive Box C103.</ref> almost 20 years after the RIBA had admitted its first female member, Ethel Charles, who, with her sister Bessie, had been refused entry to the AA school in 1893.<ref name="Walker">Lynne Walker, "Golden Age or False Dawn? Women Architects in the Early 20th century", English-heritage.org. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</ref> Ruth Gollancz,<ref name=Palgrave>Template:Cite book</ref> Winifred Ryle, Irene Graves and Gillian Harrison (nee Cooke) were some of the first women to enter the AA,<ref name=Brooks>Template:Cite news</ref> hitherto a solely male school.<ref name=Brooks/>

In the post World War II period, several women architects, writers, and journalists attended courses ("classes and sets") at the AA, including Su Brumwell (Susan Miller / Rogers), Eldred Evans, Margot Griffin, Zaha Hadid, Patti Hopkins, Samantha Hardingham, Sally Mackereth, Mya Anastasia Manakides, Janet Street-Porter, Carolyn Trevor, Susan Wheeler and Georgie Walton.Template:Citation needed

The position of women at the AA was highlighted and investigated during a year-long programme of celebration in 2017, AAXX, marking the centenary of the first women's entry to the school. A book, AA Women in Architecture 1917–2017, edited by Elizabeth Darling and Lynne Walker, was published.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

CurriculumEdit

Courses are divided into two main areas: undergraduate programmes, leading to the AA Diploma (RIBA/ARB Part 2), and postgraduate programmes, which include specialised courses in Landscape Urbanism,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Housing and Urbanism, Sustainable Environmental Design, Histories and Theories, Emergent Technologies,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Design Research Lab. Other programmes include Projective Cities, Design + Make, and Interprofessional studio. Since its foundation, the school has continued to draw its teaching staff from progressive international practices. Teaching staff are reappointed annually, allowing a continual renewal of the exploration of architectural graphics and polemical formalism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Independent statusEdit

The school sits outside the state-funded university system and UCAS application system. As an independent school, the AA does not participate in university rankings.

The AA enrolls a higher proportion of students from overseas compared to other architecture schools in the UK.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bookshop and publicationsEdit

The AA Bookshop has a collection of architectural literature<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and is a platform for AA's own publications.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> AA Publications has a tradition of publishing architects, artists and theorists early in their careers, as well as occasionally publishing figures who have already gained renown in other fields of expertise, such as Salman Rushdie. AA Publications produces the journal, AA Files, and the AA Book, known as the Projects Review, which annually documents the work undertaken by members of the school from Foundation to Graduate programmes. AA publications are designed and edited by the AA Print Studio, originally established in 1971 as part of the Communications Unit directed by Dennis Crompton of Archigram.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The school formerly had its own independent radio station.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ControversiesEdit

The AA has a unique democratic structure where staff and students elect a director and a majority of the members of the governing board.

In November 2017, the AA reportedly planned to make 16 staff redundant, including the whole of its publications and exhibitions departments.<ref name="Hurst-15Nov2017">Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly before, the AA had announced it was seeking a new director, to be appointed by March 2018,<ref name="ArchD-24Oct2017">Template:Cite news</ref> following the departure of Brett Steele announced in December 2016.<ref name="ArchD-15Dec2016">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Howarth-15Dec2016">Template:Cite news</ref>

The first female director of the AA was Eva Franch i Gilabert, appointed in 2018<ref name="Goldberg">Template:Cite news</ref> (succeeding interim director Samantha Hardingham). Following votes of no confidence in her leadership,<ref name="Hopkirk-02Jul2020">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Block-03Jul2020">Template:Cite news</ref> Franch was fired in July 2020 for "failure to develop and implement a strategy and maintain the confidence of the AA School Community, which were specific failures of performance against clear objectives outlined in the original contract of employment."<ref name="Pacheco-13Jul2020">Template:Cite news</ref> Her dismissal came despite support from academics who wrote an open letter talking of "systemic biases" against women and of sexism, and accusing the AA of using "the pandemic for anti-democratic purposes".<ref name="Block-03Jul2020"></ref> Architectural magazine Dezeen reported that tutor and alumni views indicated that the failure to investigate allegations of bullying and sexism had damaged both the AA school and the architecture profession, leaving "a cloud over the school".<ref name="Ravenscroft-15Jul2020">Template:Cite news</ref> The AA began seeking a successor to Franch in December 2021,<ref name="Waite-14Dec2021">Template:Cite news</ref> shortlisting candidates in March 2022.<ref name="Waite-28Mar2022">Template:Cite news</ref> In May 2022, the school announced Ingrid Schroder would be its new director from August 2022.<ref name="Crook-19May2022">Template:Cite news</ref>

GalleryEdit

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Notable alumniEdit

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Former directorsEdit

  • Howard Robertson (1929–35)
  • Alvin Boyarsky (1971–90)
  • Alan Balfour (1991–95)
  • Mohsen Mostafavi (1995–2004)
  • Brett Steele (2005–2017)<ref name="ArchD-15Dec2016" /><ref name="Howarth-15Dec2016" />
  • Samantha Hardingham (interim, 2017–18)
  • Eva Franch i Gilabert (2018–2020)<ref name="Goldberg"></ref><ref name="Pacheco-13Jul2020"></ref>

Notable current and former teachersEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Summerson, John (1947). The Architectural Association 1847–1947. London: Pleiades Books.
  • Zamarian, Patrick (2020). The Architectural Association in the Postwar Years. London: Lund Humphries.

External linksEdit

Template:Architecture schools in the United Kingdom Template:Universities and colleges in London Template:Authority control Template:Coord

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