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Armstrong Whitworth

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and aircraft.

The company was founded by William Armstrong in 1847, becoming Armstrong Mitchell and then Armstrong Whitworth through mergers. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs, with its automobile and aircraft interests purchased by J D Siddeley.

HistoryEdit

In 1847, the engineer William George Armstrong founded the Elswick works at Newcastle, to produce hydraulic machinery, cranes and bridges, soon to be followed by artillery, notably the Armstrong breech-loading gun, with which the British Army was re-equipped after the Crimean War. In 1882, it merged with the shipbuilding firm of Charles Mitchell to form Armstrong Mitchell & Company and at the time its works extended for over a mile (about 2 km) along the bank of the River Tyne.<ref>Newcastle Industrial Heritage Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Armstrong Mitchell merged again with the engineering firm of Joseph Whitworth in 1897.<ref>Manchester College of Art & technology Template:Webarchive – The Whitworth collection history - accessed March 2009</ref> The company expanded into the manufacture of cars and trucks in 1902, and created an "aerial department" in 1913, which became the Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft subsidiary in 1920.

In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs.

AutomobilesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Armstrong Whitworth was manufactured from 1904, when the company decided to diversify to compensate for a fall in demand for artillery after the end of the Boer War.<ref name=TyneWearMuseum>Tyne & Wear County Museums, Undated, Information Sheet Armstrong Whitworth Car, available here [1] and reverse here [2].</ref> It took over construction of the Wilson-Pilcher, designed by Walter Gordon Wilson, and produced cars under the Armstrong Whitworth name until 1919, when the company merged with Siddeley-Deasy and to form Armstrong Siddeley.

The Wilson-Pilcher was an advanced car, originally with a 2.4-litre engine, that had been made in London from 1901 until 1904 when production moved to Newcastle. When Armstrong Whitworth took over production two models were made, a 2.7-litre flat four and a 4.1-litre flat six, the cylinders on both being identical with bore and stroke of 3.75in (95mm). The engines had the flywheel at the front of the engine, and the crankshaft had intermediate bearings between each pair of cylinders. Drive was to the rear wheels via a dual helical epicyclic gears and helical bevel axle. The cars were listed at £735 for the four and £900 for the six. They were still theoretically available until 1907. According to Automotor in 1904, "Even the first Wilson-Pilcher car that made its appearance created quite a sensation in automobile circles at the time on account of its remarkably silent and smooth running, and of the almost total absence of vibration".<ref>"The Wilson-Pilcher Petrol Cars", The Automotor Journal, 16 April 1904</ref>

The first Armstrong Whitworth car was the 28/36 of 1906 with a water-cooled, four-cylinder side-valve engine of 4.5 litres which unusually had "oversquare" dimensions of Template:Convert bore and Template:Convert stroke. Drive was via a four-speed gearbox and shaft to the rear wheels. A larger car was listed for 1908 with a choice of either 5-litre 30 or 7.6-litre 40 models sharing a Template:Convert bore but with strokes of Template:Convert and Template:Convert respectively. The 40 was listed at £798 in bare chassis form for supplying to coachbuilders. These large cars were joined in 1909 by the 4.3-litre 18/22 and in 1910 by the 3.7-litre 25, which seems to have shared the same chassis as the 30 and 40.

In 1911, a new small car appeared in the shape of the 2.4-litre 12/14, called the 15.9 in 1911, featuring a monobloc engine with pressure lubrication to the crankshaft bearings. This model had an Template:Convert wheelbase compared with the Template:Convert of the 40 range. This was joined by four larger cars ranging from the 2.7-litre 15/20 to the 3.7-litre 25.5.<ref name=TyneWearMuseum />

The first six-cylinder model, the 30/50 with 5.1-litre Template:Convert bore by Template:Convert stroke engine came in 1912 with the option of electric lighting. This grew to 5.7 litres in 1913.

At the outbreak of war, as well as the 30/50, the range consisted of the 3-litre 17/25 and the 3.8-litre 20/30.

The cars were usually if not always bodied by external coachbuilders and had a reputation for reliability and solid workmanship. The company maintained a London sales outlet at New Bond Street. When Armstrong Whitworth and Vickers merged, Armstrong Whitworth's automotive interests were purchased by J D Siddeley as Armstrong Siddeley, based in Coventry.

An Armstrong Whitworth car is displayed in the Discovery Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne.<ref name=TyneWearMuseum />

AircraftEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Armstrong Whitworth established an Aerial Department in 1912. This later became the Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Company. When Vickers and Armstrong Whitworth merged in 1927 to form Vickers-Armstrongs, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft was bought out by J. D. Siddeley and became a separate entity.<ref>Tapper 1988, pp. 25-26</ref>

ArmamentsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Elswick Ordnance Company (sometimes referred to as Elswick Ordnance Works, but usually as "EOC") was originally created in 1859 to separate William Armstrong's armaments business from his other business interests, to avoid a conflict of interest as Armstrong was then Engineer of Rifled Ordnance for the War Office and the company's main customer was the British Government. Armstrong held no financial interest in the company until 1864 when he left Government service, and Elswick Ordnance was reunited with the main Armstrong businesses to form Sir W.G. Armstrong & Company. EOC was then the armaments branch of W.G. Armstrong & Company and later of Armstrong Whitworth.

Elswick Ordnance was a major arms developer before and during World War I. The ordnance and ammunition it manufactured for the British Government were stamped EOC, while guns made for export were usually marked "W.G. Armstrong". The 28 cm howitzer L/10 which played a major role in the Siege of Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War was developed by Armstrong.

LocomotivesEdit

File:Metropolitan Railway 2-6-4T locomotive (CJ Allen, Steel Highway, 1928).jpg
Metropolitan Railway K Class 2-6-4T locomotive
File:LMS 5MT 45305 Sir WGA Plate 1935 edited-2.jpg
Works plate on Armstrong Whitworth-built LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 45305 showing completion in 1936

After the Great War, Armstrong Whitworth converted its Scotswood Works to build railway locomotives. From 1919 it rapidly penetrated the locomotive market due to its modern plant.<ref name="steamindex.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its two largest contracts were 200 2-8-0s for the Belgian State Railways in 1920<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 327 Black 5 4-6-0s for the LMS in 1935/36.

AW also modified locomotives. In 1926 Palestine Railways sent six of its H class Baldwin 4-6-0 locomotives to AW for conversion into 4-6-2 tank locomotives to work the PR's steeply graded branch between Jaffa and Jerusalem.<ref name=Cotterell49>Template:Harvnb</ref> PR also sent another six H Class Baldwins for their defective steel fireboxes to be replaced with copper ones.<ref name=Cotterell49/>

AW's well-equipped works included its own design department and enabled it to build large locomotives, including an order for 30 engines of three types for the modernisation of the South Australian Railways in 1926. These included ten 500 class 4-8-2 locomotives, which were the largest non-articulated locomotives built in Great Britain, and were based on Alco drawings modified by AW and SAR engineers. They were a sensation in Australia.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> AW went on to build 20 large three-cylinder "Pacific" type locomotives for the Central Argentine Railway (F.C.C.A) in 1930, with Caprotti valve gear and modern boilers. They were the most powerful locomotives on the F.C.C.A.<ref>ARAR org web site Template:Webarchive</ref>

AW obtained the UK license for Sulzer diesels from 1919, and by the 1930s was building diesel locomotives and railcars.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> An early example is the Tanfield Railway's 0-4-0 diesel-electric shed pilot, No.2, which was built by AW as works number D22 in 1933. In the same year, the company launched the UK's first mainline diesel locomotive, the 800 bhp "Universal".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was successful in trials, but not repaired after an engine crankcase explosion a year later.Template:Sfnp A total of 1,464 locomotives were built at Scotswood Works before it was converted back to armaments manufacture in 1937.<ref name="steamindex.com"/>

Overseas operationsEdit

After the end of WWI demand for armaments and naval ships all but evaporated, and Armstrong Whitworth had to look into diversifying its business.

The company built a hydroelectric station at Nymboida, New South Wales, near Grafton, Australia in 1923–1924. This is still in use and is substantially original. In 1925 the company tendered unsuccessfully to construct the South Brisbane-Richmond Gap (on the New-South Wales-Queensland border) section of the last stage of the standard gauge railway linking Sydney and Brisbane. This was a heavily engineered railway which includes a long tunnel under the Richmond Range forming the state border and a spiral just south of the border. AW's tender price was £1,333,940 compared with Queensland Railway's tender price of £1,130,142.<ref>Grafton-Kyogle-South Brisbane Railway - Tenders, 9 September 1925 in State Records of New South Wales, Series 15668, Item 4</ref> In the mid-1920s the company clearly was trying to break into the booming Australian market, but was stymied by a preference for local companies.

The Dominion of Newfoundland, an island country then mostly dependent on its fishery, had plenty of pulpwood but only one paper mill at Grand Falls-Windsor and one pulp mill at Bishop's Falls, both built in the 1900s. The owners of the Reid Newfoundland Company convinced AW to invest in building a second paper mill at Corner Brook, to be supplied with hydroelectricity from a generating station 50 km away at Deer Lake. A joint venture, the Newfoundland Power and Paper Company, was founded in 1923.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After much fighting between Harry Reid and then-PM of the dominion Richard Squires, the so-called Humber project (after the Humber River) received support from the local government and loan guarantees both from it and the UK; Squires even campaigned on it, making "Hum on the Humber" his slogan for the 1923 Newfoundland general election.<ref name="Hiller">Template:Cite journal</ref>

The company was heavily involved with the establishment of the town of Deer Lake. The hydroelectric station there was built between 1922 and 1925, while the canal system used by the hydroelectric station helped to expand the forestry operations in the area. Some of the equipment used in the construction of the Panama Canal was shipped to Newfoundland. The pulp and paper mill in Corner Brook began operations in 1925. Overall, AW spent about £5M (equivalent to £Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation/year) on the development, which went significantly over the original budget and led to an overdraft,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> only to witness a consistent decline in newsprint and pulp prices after 1923, which was caused by overexpansion of the Canadian industry and wasn't predicted by either party of the project, both lacking experience in paper trade.<ref name="Hiller" /> Since on a falling paper market longtime players with established customer bases had a clear advantage, shareholders sold their well-working but overleveraged and loss-making business to International Paper & Power Company in 1927. The deal left AW with a loss of £2.8M, and the whole group collapsed.

ShipbuildingEdit

Template:Expand section Shipbuilding was the major division of the company. From 1879 to 1880 the predecessor shipbuilding company of Charles Mitchell laid down a cruiser for the Chilean Navy at Low Walker Yard. This vessel was later supplied to Japan as the 'Tsukushi' of 1883; the ship was launched as of Armstrong Mitchell build.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 1885 and 1918 Armstrong built warships for the Royal Navy, Beiyang Fleet, Imperial Russian Navy, Brazil Navy Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy.Template:Citation needed Amongst these were HMS Glatton which, due to bodged construction, suffered a magazine explosion in Dover Harbour less than one month after commissioning.

File:GLAM MB Cruzador-Auxiliar (45024099444).jpg
Brazil Navy ship Bahia

Armstrong Mitchell and later Armstrong Whitworth built many merchant ships, freighters, tank-ships, and dredgers; notable among them was the ice-breaking train ferries Template:SS in 1897 and Template:SS in 1900, built to connect the Trans-Siberian Railway across Lake Baikal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company built the first polar icebreaker in the world: Yermak was a Russian and later Soviet icebreaker, having a strengthened hull shaped to ride over and crush pack ice.

Mergers and demergersEdit

In 1927, the defence and engineering businesses merged with those of Vickers Limited to create a subsidiary company known as Vickers-Armstrongs. The aircraft and Armstrong Siddeley motors business were bought by J. D. Siddeley and became a separate entity. Production at the Scotswood Works ended in 1979 and the buildings were demolished in 1982.<ref>Newcastle Industrial Heritage web site Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

ProductsEdit

Template:Expand section

Hydraulic engineering installationsEdit

The forerunner companies, W. G. Armstrong & Co. and later, from 1883 Sir WG Armstrong Mitchell & Company, were heavily involved in the construction of hydraulic engineering installations. Notable examples include:

ShipsEdit

Between 1880 and 1925 they built a number of warships: Template:Div col

</ref>

Template:Div col end They built oil tankers, including: Template:Div col

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col end

LocomotivesEdit

Armstrong Whitworth built a few railway locomotives between 1847 and 1868, but it was not until 1919 that the company made a concerted effort to enter the railway market.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Armstrong Whitworth Catalogue Cover.jpg
Many of the locomotives are shown in this catalogue in the collection of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers

Contracts were obtained for the construction and supply of steam and diesel locomotives to railway systems in Britain and overseas, including those detailed in the following table.

Serial
numbers		 Year Quantity Customer Class Wheel
arrangement		 Road
numbers		 Notes
1–50 1919–1921 50 North Eastern Railway T2 0-8-0 2253–2302 to LNER (same numbers) in 1923, class Q6; renumbered 3410–3459 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
69–93 1921 25 Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway G
(BESA HGS)		 2-8-0 122–146 later all-India 26528–26552.Template:Sfn
94–110 1920 17 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway M
(BESA HGS)		 2-8-0 483–499 later all-India 26610–26626.Template:Sfn
111–120 1921 10 Caledonian Railway 72 4-4-0 82–91 to LMS 14487–14496 in 1923
137–159 1922 23 North Western Railway SGS 0-6-0 2484–2506 Template:Sfn all except one to Pakistan at Partition;Template:Sfn 2500 to Eastern Punjab Railway; later all-India 36889.Template:Sfn
161–170 1922 10 Buenos Aires Western Railway 4F 2-6-2T 824–833 Template:Sfn
175–179 1922–23 5 Midland Great Western Railway Fa 0-6-0 44–48 to GSR 641–645 in 1925.Template:Sfn
185–190 1923 6 Great Southern and Western Railway 400 4-6-0 407–409
403–405		 to GSR (same numbers) in 1925.Template:Sfn
191-390 17 May 1921
to
12.01.1923		 200 Belgian State Railways Type 37 2-8-0 5001–5200 renumbered Type 31 in 1931. 162 upgraded between 1936 and 1947, unrebuilt engines renumbered Type 30
391–415 1922 25 North Eastern Railway E1 0-6-0T 2313–2339 to LNER (same numbers) in 1923, class J72; renumbered 8721–8745 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
416–465 1921–22 50 Midland Railway 3835 / 4F 0-6-0 3937–3986 to LMS (same numbers) in 1923
466–467 Cancelled (2) Northern Counties Committee (U) 4-4-0 — Order cancelled; locomotives built at Derby Works instead.Template:Sfn
468–472 1922 5 Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway 3835 / 4F 0-6-0 57–61 to LMS 4557–4561 in 1930
479–487 1923 9 North Western Railway SGS 0-6-0 2536–2544 ;Template:Sfn to Eastern Bengal Railway 312–318/66/20 in 1929/39;Template:Sfn four survivors became all-India 34265–67/73.Template:Sfn
488–499 1923 12 North Western Railway SPS 4-4-0 2989–2996, 3006–3009 three to Pakistan at Partition;Template:Sfn remainder to Eastern Punjab Railway, later all-India 24481–28889.<ref name=Hughes79-72>Template:Harvnb</ref>
500–515 1923 16 Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway A
(BESA PTS)		 2-6-4T 265–280 Template:Sfn to North Western Railway 517–532 (not in order) in 1929;Template:Sfn most to Pakistan at Partition;Template:Sfn seven to Eastern Punjab Railway, later all-India 27106–27112.Template:Sfn
516–535 1923 20 Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway SGS 0-6-0 505–524 Template:Sfn to East Indian Railway 1448–1457 in 1925;Template:Sfn split between Eastern and Northern Railways, later all-India in range 34236–34243,Template:Sfn 36804–36818.Template:Sfn
536–552 1923 17 East Indian Railway SGS 0-6-0 1390–1406 Template:Sfn split between Eastern and Northern Railways, later all-India in range 34163–34164,Template:Sfn 34218–34224,Template:Sfn 36792–36811.Template:Sfn
565–566 1924 2 Ferrocarril Pacífico de Colombia 4-6-0+0-6-4 29–30 <ref name=Hamilton>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

567–591 1923 25 Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway 11C 4-8-0 4201–4225 Template:Sfn
605–616 1924 12 London and North Eastern Railway D11/2 4-4-0 6388–6399 Renumbered 2683–2694 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
623–632 1926 10 South Australian Railways 600 4-6-2 600–609 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

633–642 1926 10 South Australian Railways 500 4-8-2 500–509 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

643–652 1926 10 South Australian Railways 700 2-8-2 700–709 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

655–701 1924 47 Bengal Nagpur Railway HSM 2-8-0 700–729, 744–760 later all-India 26174–26220.Template:Sfn
702–707 1924 6 Metropolitan Railway K 2-6-4T 111–116 to London and North Eastern Railway 6158–6163, class L2, in 1937; survivors allocated 9070–9073 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
714–725 1925 12 Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway 2101 4-6-2 2101–2112 Template:Sfn
726–760 1925 35 Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway 11D 2-8-0 4301–4335 Template:Sfn
761–769 1925 9 Southern Railway K 2-6-4T A791–A799 Rebuilt to U class 2-6-0
771–801 1925 31 Bengal Nagpur Railway HSM 2-8-0 761–791 later all-India 26220–26251.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
850–874 1927 25 Queensland Railways C17 4-8-0 802–826 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

875–884 1927 10 Ferrocarril Central Argentino MS6A 4-8-4T 501–510 Template:Sfn
885–904 1928 20 Egyptian State Railways 545 2-6-0 Template:Sfn five appropriated by Israel Railways after the 1956 Israeli invasion of SinaiTemplate:Sfn
905–934 1927 30 Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway 11C 4-8-0 4226–4255 Template:Sfn
938–987 1928 50 Great Western Railway 5600 0-6-2T 6650–6699 Template:Sfn
1005–1015 1929 11 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway XD 2-8-2 853–863 later all-India 22397–22407.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
1016–1019 1929 4 Template:Interlanguage link multi 4-6-0 230–233
1020–1023 1929 4 Template:Interlanguage link multi 4-8-0 234–237
1024–1025 1929 2 Template:Interlanguage link multi 2-6-2+2-6-2 238–239 <ref name=Hamilton />
1026–1037 1929 12 Ceylon Government Railway B1 4-6-0 279–290 Template:Sfn
1038–1057 1930 20 Ferrocarril Central Argentino MS6A 4-8-4T 511–530 Template:Sfn
1058–1068 1930 11 Eastern Bengal Railway XB 4-6-2 443–453 to Pakistan at Partition.Template:Sfn
1069–1080 1930 12 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway XB 4-6-2 200–211 later all-India 22131–22142.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
1081–1100 1930 20 Ferrocarril Central Argentino PS11 4-6-2 1101–1120 3-cylinder with Caprotti valve gear.Template:Sfn
1105–1110 1931 6 Buenos Aires Western Railway 15 4-8-0 1500–1505 Template:Sfn
1111–1130 1931 20 London and North Eastern Railway K3/2 2-6-0 1100/01/02/06
1108/17/18/19
1121/25/33/35
1137/41/54/56
1158/62/64/66		 Renumbered 1899–1918 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
1131–1155 1930–31 25 Great Western Railway 5700 0-6-0PT 7775–7799 Template:Sfn
1156–1165 1934–35 10 London and North Eastern Railway K3/2 2-6-0 1302/04/08
1310/24/06
2934–2937		 Renumbered 1919–1928 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
1166–1265 1935 100 London, Midland and Scottish Railway Stanier 5 4-6-0 5125–5224 Template:Sfn
1266–1269 1935 4 Yue Han Railway, China ET6 0-8-0 501–504
1270–1279 1936 10 London and North Eastern Railway K3/2 2-6-0 2417/29/45/46
2453/55/58/65
2471/72		 Renumbered 1959–1968 in 1946 scheme.Template:Sfn
1280–1506 1936–37 227 London, Midland and Scottish Railway Stanier 5 4-6-0 5225–5451 Template:Sfn
D8 1 Preston Docks 0-6-0de Duchess 250 hp shunter
D9 1 Demonstrator 1-Co-1de 800 hp mixed-traffic diesel-electric<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1931 1 London and North Eastern Railway Railcar 25 One Sulzer 6-cylinder engine of 250 hp.Template:Sfn
1932 2 London and North Eastern Railway Railcar 224, 232 One Sulzer 6-cylinder engine of 250 hp.Template:Sfn
1933 1 London and North Eastern Railway Railbus 294 One Saurer engine of 95 hp.Template:Sfn
1933 1 Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway 1A-Bo+Bo-A1 CM210 Two Sulzer 8LV34 engines of 850 hp.Template:Sfn
D20 1933 1 London, Midland and Scottish Railway 0-6-0de 7408 250 hp shunter; renumbered 7058 in 1934; to have been renumbered 13000 by British Railways in 1948, but withdrawn before number applied.Template:Sfn
D21–D26 6 0-4-0de 85 hp shunter
D27–D28 1934 2 Demonstrator 1-Co-1de Sulzer 8LD28 engine, 800 hp, 66-inch gauge; trialled on Ceylon Government Railway; returned; to Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway in 1937.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
D43 1934 1 Ceylon Government Railway G1 0-4-0de 500 122 hp shunter.Template:Sfn
D46–D51 1934 6 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway YZZT Railcar 1–6 160 hp diesel-electric.Template:Sfn
D54–D63 1936 10 London, Midland and Scottish Railway — 0-6-0de 7059–7068 350 hp shunter; to War Department in 1942 (4) and 1944 (6).Template:Sfn
D64 1936 1 Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway DE 0-6-0de 800 360 hp shunter.Template:Sfn

ArmamentEdit

Cannons and other armament were produced by the Elswick Ordnance Company, the armament division of Armstrong Whitworth. An especially notable example is the Armstrong 100-ton gun.

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:British shipbuilders evolution Template:Authority control

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