Audio commentary

Template:Short description Template:About Template:For Template:For Template:Bots Template:Use dmy dates An audio commentary is an additional audio track, usually digital, consisting of a lecture or comments by one or more speakers, that plays in real time with a video. Commentaries can be serious or entertaining in nature, and can add information which otherwise would not be disclosed to audience members.

History

The Criterion Collection introduced audio commentary on the LaserDisc format, which was able to accommodate multiple audio tracks. The first commentary track, for the 1933 film King Kong, was recorded by Ronald Haver, a curator at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and was inspired by the stories Haver told while supervising the film-to-video transfer process.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Criterion expected that the commentary would only be of interest to serious film students.Template:Sfn It received a favorable reaction, and his commentary on King Kong is considered to ultimately have started the trend.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="pratt"/><ref name="cinjournal"/> Haver went on to provide commentaries for Criterion for the rest of his life.Template:Sfn

Excerpt of Haver's commentary for King Kong:

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DVD and Blu-ray audio commentaries

DVDs, Blu-rays, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-rays have made audio commentary a key component of special features. They often include commentary from cinematographers, screenwriters, actors, producers, directors, film historians, film critics and subject matter experts.<ref name="pratt"/><ref name="cinjournal"/> For example, American cinematographer Garrett Brown, the inventor of the steadicam, is featured throughout the audio commentary track for The Shining, where he discusses his work with the ground-breaking technology.<ref name="indiewire"/><ref name="palmer"/> The DVD of the science-fiction movie Sunshine, directed by Danny Boyle, contains an audio track with English physicist and professor of particle physics Brian Cox.<ref name="sunshine"/> In the cast commentary for The Silence of the Lambs, former F.B.I. criminal profiler John Douglas, an advisor to the filmmakers, offers his anecdotes about the film.<ref name="silenceoflambs"/>

The box set of The Ultimate Matrix Collection, has two audio commentaries on each film, one by philosophers who loved it; Dr. Cornel West and Ken Wilber, and one by critics who hated it; Todd McCarthy, John Powers and David Thomson.<ref name="matrix"/> The DVD release of Ghostbusters contains a video commentary track with director Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, and Joe Medjuck, with silhouettes of the trio added to imitate Mystery Science Theater 3000.<ref name="ghostbusters"/> The Blu-ray edition of the film Galaxy Quest includes a tongue-in-cheek trivia commentary called "Galactopedia", by American graphic designer Michael Okuda, known for his work on Star Trek, and Denise Okuda, co-author of the Star Trek Encyclopedia.<ref name="galaxy"/>

On the DVD release of Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moore allowed his interns, secretary and production assistants to record the audio commentary for his documentary.<ref name="bowling"/> In the commentary for True Romance, Quentin Tarantino, who wrote the film script, explains why he didn’t direct the movie himself, and the inspiration behind him writing the script.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/> For The Goonies audio track, many of the original cast members, Sean Astin, Josh Brolin, Corey Feldman and Martha Plimpton, along with director Richard Donner, reunited and watched the film together, offering their opinions on the classic comedy film.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/>

Film directors commentary

Film directors can also provide their perspective into how a film is made. In his commentary for the 1970 film M*A*S*H, director Robert Altman gives background information on production and on the way the script was used and misused. He also comments on problems he had with the studio in relation to the connection with the Vietnam War.Template:Sfn Director Mel Brooks discusses in his audio commentary for Young Frankenstein how the movie was turned down by Columbia Pictures because its 2 million dollar budget was too high. He also points out the homages in his film, in relation to the history of Frankenstein movies.Template:Sfn

Director Oliver Stone in his audio commentary for Wall Street, explains how his family influenced the making of the film, and speaks candidly about the actors, mildly criticizing them, particularly Charlie Sheen.Template:Sfn In his commentary for the 2003 film Shattered Glass, director Billy Ray is joined by New Republic editor Chuck Long, who explains the differences between the film and the actual event. Ray, in his directorial debut, also admits his lack of experience, and how he relied on more experienced members of his production crew.Template:Sfn

Director Francis Ford Coppola in his audio commentary about his epic film The Godfather, recounts how the original title of the film was supposed to be "Mario Puzo's The Godfather", but that "no one remembers it that way",Template:Sfn and in the 2007 DVD release of Hearts of Darkness, a documentary about the production of Apocalypse Now, Coppola explains why it's not a good idea to film a movie in the Amazon jungle. He also talks about a scene in the film where Martin Sheen was drunk and cut his hand, and relays how the opening shot with a huge explosion in the jungle was completely unintentional.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/>

Film historians and critics

Film historians are frequent contributors of audio commentary, including: Tim Lucas who has recorded numerous audio commentaries since his first, for Mario Bava's Black Sunday;<ref name="lucas"/> Peter Cowie has provided commentaries for numerous DVDs of Ingmar Bergman's films, including Wild Strawberries, written and directed by Bergman;<ref name="pratt"/> Donald Richie has recorded commentary tracks for many Japanese films;<ref name="pratt"/> and respected historian Rudy Behlmer, who is primarily known for his audio commentaries of American classic cinema, most notably Casablanca, Gone with the Wind and Frankenstein.<ref name="variety"/> John Fricke has recorded, or participated in, several audio commentaries for Judy Garland's films, including The Wizard of Oz, Babes in Arms, Easter Parade, For Me and My Gal, Girl Crazy, Meet Me in St. Louis, and The Pirate.

Film critics are also frequent contributors to commentaries like: American film critic Roger Ebert who recorded DVD audio commentary tracks for many classic films, including Citizen Kane and Casablanca,<ref name="techcrunch"/> and Richard Schickel who has provided commentary for Double Indemnity, Strangers on a Train, On the Waterfront and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.<ref name="soundvision"/> Leonard Maltin has also offered commentary on several films including, Marx Brothers A Night at the Opera,Template:Sfn and The Harold Lloyd Comedy Collection (volume 2).<ref name="bennett"/>

Hong Kong action cinema expert Bey Logan is a frequent commenter for Asian films, including Fist of Fury,<ref name="macnab"/> The Banquet,<ref name="oleary"/> Iron Monkey,<ref name="trinity"/> Musa<ref name="musa"/> and Bullet in the Head.<ref name="bullet"/><ref name="chicago"/>

Animation historian Jerry Beck has recorded dozens of audio commentaries for animation productions,<ref name="animation"/> including Sinbad the Sailor<ref name="sinbad"/> and the Looney Tunes Golden Collection series,<ref name="looney"/> and historian Michael Barrier also regularly contributes commentary to selected shorts in DVD packages, including the Popeye the Sailor DVD series, and for the first five Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD box sets.<ref name="looney"/>

In-theater audio commentary

In-theater audio commentary is an audio track that is downloaded before going to a movie theater, and then played back on your device while watching the film. American director Kevin Smith was one of the first filmmakers to provide this feature with Clerks II.<ref name="clerks2"/><ref name="nymag"/> Rian Johnson provided in-theater commentary for The Brothers Bloom, Looper and Knives Out.<ref name="collider"/><ref name="wired"/> John August also used in-theater commentary for The Nines.<ref name="nines"/>

Television series

When complete seasons of TV series are released to DVD and Blu-ray boxsets, they often include audio commentary. Older classic shows like The Twilight Zone<ref name="twilight"/> The Monkees,<ref name="monkees"/> Night Gallery,<ref name="nightgallery"/> The Brady Bunch,<ref name="bradybunch"/> Dennis the Menace,<ref name="dennismenace"/> Star Trek: The Original Series,<ref name="startrek"/> Groucho Marx's You Bet Your Life,<ref name="betyourlife"/> The Abbott and Costello Show,<ref name="abbottcostello"/> and The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour<ref name="smothers"/> have all featured audio commentaries by the cast, crew members and special guest stars.

Modern classics with commentaries from the creators, writers, directors and cast include (select few): Everybody Loves Raymond,<ref name="numbers"/> One Tree Hill,<ref name="numbers"/> Second City Television,<ref name="numbers"/> Smallville,<ref name="numbers"/> The Sopranos,<ref name="sopranos"/> Arrested Development,<ref name="arresteddev"/> Buffy the Vampire Slayer,<ref name="buffy"/> Sex and the City,<ref name="sexandcity"/> Will & Grace,<ref name="willgrace"/> Game of Thrones,<ref name="gameofthrones"/> It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia,<ref name="sunnyphil"/> Seinfeld<ref name="seinfeld"/> and Friends.<ref name="friends"/>

Animated TV series are also a genre that frequently provide audio commentaries, which include: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic<ref name="little pony"/> and Nickelodeon's SpongeBob SquarePants.<ref name="spongebob"/> Classic cartoons include: The Flintstones,<ref name="flinstones"/> The Jetsons,<ref name="jetsons"/> and Tom and Jerry<ref name="tomjerry"/> which have all been released with audio commentaries. Adult and cult classics with audio commentaries from creators, writers, directors and cast include: South Park,<ref name="southpark"/> Beavis and Butt-Head,<ref name="beavis"/> Robot Chicken<ref name="robotchick"/> and Aqua Teen Hunger Force.<ref name="aquateen"/>

Music videos

On the DVD release of Queen's Greatest Video Hits 2, which features music videos with audio commentary, band members Brian May and Roger Taylor reflect on their memories and opinions of each video.<ref name="popmatters"/> On the 20th Anniversary Remastered Edition of Paul's Boutique, the Beastie Boys provide their insights on a downloadable hour long audio commentary, which offers "rambling" revelations into album characters like Johnny Ryall.<ref name="beastieboys"/>

The 2000 Criterion DVD re-release of The Rolling Stones Gimme Shelter, a 1970 American documentary, features audio commentary from directors Albert Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, along with collaborator Stanley Goldstein.<ref name="culturecourt"/> The 2006 Fade to Red: Tori Amos Video Collection, a double DVD set, has commentary from Tori Amos on each video.<ref name="wolfjessica"/>

Broadway plays

The 2011 Broadway revival of Godspell featured a downloadable ten-part audio commentary series from composer Stephen Schwartz and director Daniel Goldstein, who "discuss their process and personal experiences of creating the Broadway revival".<ref name="playbill"/>

Video games

Video game developers have also included audio commentaries in their games. Unlike DVD commentaries, in-game prompts are used to allow players to activate a relevant audio commentary for a specific area in the game. Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo is believed to be the earliest video game with audio commentary.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other select video games with commentary include: Portal,<ref name="gamer"/> Alan Wake,<ref name="gamer"/> Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge Special Edition,<ref name="gamer"/> Deus Ex Human Revolution Director's Cut,<ref name="gamer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Grim Fandango Remastered,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Day of the Tentacle Remastered,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> BioShock: The Collection,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Firewatch,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Duke Nukem 3D: 20th Anniversary World Tour,<ref name="gamer"/> and Half-Life: Alyx.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

James Bond commentary

Controversy surrounded the audio commentary on Criterion's 1991 laserdisc release of the first three James Bond films, Dr. No, From Russia with Love and Goldfinger.<ref name="jamesbond"/><ref name="filmschool"/> Eon Productions notified Criterion of "185 statements in the audio commentaries which they considered to be 'inaccurate, insensitive, inflammatory or potentially libelous'".<ref name="jamesbond"/> The audio tracks featured commentary from various members of the production crews who worked on the films. Amongst the offensive commentary; they criticized the budgets for the three films, gossiped about Sean Connery's weight gain during From Russia with Love, and "insinuated that several female costars were bad actors and had been cast solely for their looks".<ref name="jamesbond"/> Additionally, when English film director Guy Hamilton was commenting about Goldfinger, which he directed, he referred to the fictional character Pussy Galore as a "dyke".<ref name="jamesbond"/> In response to EON’s complaints, Criterion discontinued the collection, and issued a recall of the unsold copies. The following year, they reissued the three films as single-disc versions, with all the extra features removed.<ref name="jamesbond"/>

Sources

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Further reading

• Template:Cite book

External links

• Rate That Commentary – website featuring reviews of DVD audio commentary tracks
• Commentary Tracks of the Damned at The A.V. Club
• Dr. No - Criterion laserdisc commentary track at the Internet Archive
• Goldfinger - Criterion laserdisc commentary track at the Internet Archive