BBC TV Europe
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox television channel BBC TV Europe was a BBC subscription-funded television service established in 1987, serving continental Europe, initially Scandinavia.<ref>Reinventing Public Service Communication: European Broadcasters and Beyond, Petros Iosifidis Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, page 107</ref> It was available on satellite and cable.<ref name="Collins">Satellite Television in Western Europe, Richard Collins, John Libbey, 1992, page 70</ref>
The channel was branded as BBC 1/2 Mix when it launched on 4 June 1987, but was rebranded BBC TV Europe on 1 April 1989.<ref name="Collins" /><ref>Transponder News TeleSat News, 21 July 1996</ref>
Initially, two regional telecommunications companies in Denmark, KTAS (Københavns Telefon A/S) and JTAS (Jydsk Telefon A/S) contacted the BBC with a view to retransmit both BBC1 and 2 on their cable networks in Denmark, offering the BBC payment to cover the costs of the satellite slots. The BBC's commercial division, BBC Enterprises, looked into the proposal but found it would be impossible to secure rights for this. This led the BBC to instead create a separate new channel for Denmark, known as BBC 1/2 Mix. This later expanded to Norway in late 1987 and Sweden in early 1988.<ref>Transnational Television in Europe: Reconfiguring Global Communications Networks, Jean K. Chalaby, I.B.Tauris, 2009</ref><ref>Elektor Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 171, October 1989</ref><ref>BBC TV Europe at Astra 2 Sat.com</ref>
The channel broadcast a mix of the programmes shown on BBC1 and BBC2 in the United Kingdom, as well as the BBC's domestic BBC Six O'Clock News bulletin, together with the regional news service from London. BBC1 programming took priority: when a programme on BBC1 could not be shown on the channel for rights reasons, it was replaced with a programme shown on BBC2.<ref name="Collins" />
The channel made its formal launch in Portugal at the facilities of the British Council in Lisbon on 20 April 1989.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The channel's schedule averaged seventeen hours a day, from 7am to midnight. Piracy was a recurring issue, as such the BBC had to hire sales agents by country for the sale of authorised BBC TV Europe decoders and subscriptions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The channel was managed and operated by the BBC, but jointly marketed by the two Danish telecommunications companies. However, they were not able to make a profit from the channel, and sold their interest in it to the BBC, which renamed it BBC TV Europe and took full control of its operations and commercialisation, making it available to the whole of Western and Northern Europe (excluding the UK), and also making it officially available for individual viewers who wished to receive it directly via satellite by means of subscription. In 1990, a second service for non-UK viewers entitled "Enterprise Channel" was launched to complement the main BBC TV Europe service, but by the end of that year it had been folded back into the existing network.<ref>BBC European TV at Vintage Broadcasting</ref><ref>BBC Engineering Information, No. 39, Autumn 1989 Template:Webarchive, pages 1, 4</ref><ref>BBC Engineering Information, No. 40, Spring 1990 Template:Webarchive, page 11</ref><ref>JPRS Report - Science & Technology (Europe), Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 16 January 1990, page 8</ref><ref>Internationale Werbung in supranationalen Fernsehprogrammen, Matthias Stelzer, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 1994</ref><ref>Passeport pour les médias de demain, Jean-Michel Saillant, Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1994</ref>
The channel also carried the English team's matches in the 1990 FIFA World Cup.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 11 March 1991 the channel was replaced by BBC World Service Television.<ref>Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: A Guide to Information Sources, Barrie I. MacDonald, Mansell, 1993, page 84</ref>