Beatification

Template:Short description Template:For Template:For Template:Use dmy dates

Pope Pius IX (1792–1878), beatified on 3 September 2000 by Pope John Paul II

File:An insignia of the Blessed Fr Michael Iwene Tansi on his relic.jpg

Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi, first and only Nigerian to attain any level of official sainthood. He was beatified by Pope St. John Paul II on 22 March 1998

File:Ioannes Paulus II in Germany (1980).jpg

Pope Saint John Paul II (1920–2005) beatified more people than all his predecessors had during the previous 400 years, and was himself beatified six years after his death, on Divine Mercy Sunday 2011.

Beatification (from Latin {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "blessed" and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "to make") is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their name. Beati is the plural form, referring to those who have undergone the process of beatification; they possess the title of "Blessed" (Template:IPAc-en) (abbreviation "Bl.") before their names and are often referred to in English as "a Blessed" or, plurally, "Blesseds".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

It is the third stage of the ordinary process of official recognitions for Catholic saints: Servant of God, Venerable, Blessed, and Saint.

HistoryEdit

Local bishops had the power of beatifying until 1634, when Pope Urban VIII, in the apostolic constitution Cœlestis Jerusalem of 6 July, reserved the power of beatifying to the Holy See.<ref>A. De Meester, Juris Canonici et Juris Canonico-Civilis Compendium Nova Editio, Tomus Tertius, Pars Secunda (Brugis: Desclée de Brouwer et Sii, 1928) p. 86 (citing the canonist Pope Benedict XIV, De Servorum Dei Beatificatione et Beatorum Canonizatione)</ref><ref>Beccari, Camillo (1907). "Beatification and Canonization." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Via New Advent. newadvent.org. Accessed 1 November 2015.</ref>

Since the reforms of 1983, as a rule, (for non-martyred Venerables) one miracle must be confirmed to have taken place through the intercession of the person to be beatified. Miracles are almost always unexplainable medical healings, and are scientifically investigated by commissions comprising physicians and theologians.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The requirement of a miracle for beatification is waived in the case of someone whose martyrdom is formally declared by the church.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The feast day for a beatified person is not universal, but is celebrated only by territories, religious institutes, or communities in which the person receives particular veneration. For instance, Kateri Tekakwitha was especially honored in the United States and Canada during her time as Blessed. John Duns Scotus was honored among the Franciscans, in the Archdiocese of Cologne and other places. Similarly, veneration of Chiara Badano is particular to the Focolare movement.Template:Citation needed

The blessed, elected by popular acclamation (the vox populi) enjoyed only local veneration. While the procedure of canonization was taken in hand from the twelfth century by the papacy in Rome, that of beatification continued on a local scale until the thirteenth century before settling at the Council of Trent, which reserved to the pope the right to say who could be venerated.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Practices under the popesEdit

Pope John Paul II (1978–2005) markedly changed the previous Catholic practice of beatification. By October 2004, he had beatified 1,340 people, more than the sum of all of his predecessors since Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590), who established a beatification procedure similar to that used today.Template:Citation needed

John Paul II's successor, Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013), personally celebrated the Beatification Mass for his predecessor at St. Peter's Basilica, on the Second Sunday of Easter, or Divine Mercy Sunday, on 1 May 2011, an event that drew more than one million people.

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

Template:Reflist

SourcesEdit

Template:Refbegin

Template:Cite encyclopedia
Template:CathEncy
De Meester, A., J.C.D., Juris Canonici et Juris Canonico-Civilis Compendium Nova Editio, Tomus Tertius, Pars Secunda (Brugis: Desclée de Brouwer et Sii, 1928)
Saunders, Rev. William (2003). "The Process of Becoming a Saint". Reprinted from Arlington Catholic Herald. Via Catholic Education Resource Center. catholiceducation.org.
Vatican website, with new procedures

Template:Refend

External linksEdit

List of all Blesseds in the Catholic Church Template:Webarchive by GCatholic.org.

Template:Canonization Template:Saints

Template:Authority control