Beverly LaHaye
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Beverly Jean Davenport LaHaye (Template:Nee Ratcliffe; April 30, 1929 – April 14, 2024) was an American Christian conservative activist and author who founded Concerned Women for America (CWA) in San Diego, California, in 1979. She was the wife of Tim LaHaye, an evangelical Christian minister and author of the Left Behind series, until his death in 2016. Along with her husband, she helped shape the Christian right.
Personal lifeEdit
Beverly Jean Davenport was born in Oakland County, Michigan, on April 30, 1929, to Lowell Ardo and Nellie Elizabeth (née Pitts) Davenport.<ref>Year: 1930; Census Place: Southfield, Oakland, Michigan; Page: 12A; Enumeration District: 0125; FHL microfilm: 2340754</ref> Her father was a factory worker in Southfield, Michigan, and died of a ruptured appendix when Beverly was almost two years old.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Within two years, Nellie Elizabeth married Daniel Ratcliffe, a tool maker in the auto industry in Oakland County, Michigan.<ref>Michigan Department of Community Health, Division of Vital Records and Health Statistics; Lansing, MI, USA; Michigan, Marriage Records, 1867–1952; Film: 174; Film Title: 63 Oakland 06850-10109; Film Description: Oakland (1930–1933)</ref> From then on, Beverly Jean and her older sister Blanche Aileen used their stepfather's surname as their own.<ref>Year: 1940; Census Place: Southfield, Oakland, Michigan; Roll: m-t0627-01803; Page: 4A; Enumeration District: 63-166C</ref>
She graduated from Highland Park Community High School in 1946.<ref>"U.S., School Yearbooks, 1880–2012"; School Name: Highland Park Community High School; Year: 1946</ref> She attended Bob Jones University (then named Bob Jones College) and married Air Force veteran and aspiring pastor Tim LaHaye in 1947.<ref name = Gabriel>Template:Cite news</ref> After attending college for one year, she dropped out and joined the workforce to support the family finances, as her husband Tim made little money as a pastor.<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="CT">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1956, the LaHayes moved to San Diego, California, where Tim became the pastor of Scott Memorial Baptist Church. Beverly became the church secretary and helped direct junior Sunday School. Despite having a shy personality and struggling with the monotony of homemaking, LaHaye believed that homemaking would help her learn submission.<ref name="CT"/> She was influenced by fellow conservative activist Phyllis Schlafly.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1981, she became a member of the San Diego County Commission on the Status of Women.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Along with her husband, LaHaye was a member of Liberty University's board of trustees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 69 years of marriage, the LaHayes had four children,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Linda, Larry, Lee, and Lori,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and nine grandchildren.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LaHaye died at a hospice facility in El Cajon, California, on April 14, 2024, at the age of 94.<ref name="CT"/><ref name = Gabriel/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Concerned Women for AmericaEdit
LaHaye formed Concerned Women for America (CWA) in 1979.<ref name="auto2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Initially, CWA was a reaction to the National Organization for Women and a 1978 Barbara Walters interview with feminist Betty Friedan.<ref name="gardiner">Gardiner, S., "Concerned Women for America: A Case Study Template:Webarchive", Feminism and Women's Studies, August 28, 2006. Online as of April 19, 2007.</ref> LaHaye stated that she believed Friedan's goal was "to dismantle the bedrock of American culture: the family",<ref name="Christian Examiner"/> and that Christian women were not included in discussions of women's rights. LaHaye held a rally in a local San Diego auditorium which marked the beginning of CWA.<ref name="Christian Examiner">Beverly LaHaye marks three decades of promoting traditional values through CWA Template:Webarchive Christian Examiner.com, 20 December 09. Retrieved: September 14, 2013.</ref> She described the organization's fight against "a humanistic, godless philosophy" and a "life-and-death battle to preserve decency."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
While CWA was originally intended to be a local group, the organization was established nationwide within two years.<ref name="Group says school censorship increasing">Template:Cite news</ref> The organization calls itself "the nation's largest public policy women's organization devoted to biblical principles."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> When CWA's headquarters moved to Washington, D.C., LaHaye "announced at a press conference: 'This is our message: the feminists do not speak for all women in America, and CWA is here in Washington to end the monopoly of feminists who claim to speak for all women.Template:'"<ref name="auto3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LaHaye successfully encouraged political mobilization among the organization's members: "98 percent of CWA members voted in the 1988 presidential election, 93 percent had signed or circulated a petition, 77 percent had boycotted a company or product, 74 percent had contacted a public official, and nearly half had written a letter to the editor."<ref name=":0" /> The CWA strongly supported Ronald Reagan during his presidency, and Reagan credited LaHaye with "changing the face of American politics".<ref name = Gabriel/><ref name="CT"/>
CWA is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization<ref name="Fact Check">Concerned Women for America Fact Check.Org, October 2010. Retrieved: September 14, 2013.</ref> that is "supported by hundreds of local chapters across the country."<ref name="auto3"/> In 2014, Salon stated that "CWA [had] become a powerful political force, claiming over half a million members."<ref name="auto2"/> LaHaye led the organization until 2006.<ref name = Gabriel/>
Published worksEdit
LaHaye and her husband co-authored the influential Christian self-help sex manual The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love in 1976.<ref>LaHaye, Tim, and Beverly LaHaye. The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1998.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LaHaye wrote The Spirit-Controlled Woman in 1976,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> a companion to her husband's book The Spirit-Controlled Temperament. A revised and expanded edition of the book, The New Spirit-Controlled Woman, was released in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Desires of a Woman's Heart was released in 1993.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
BibliographyEdit
- The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love (1976) Template:OCLC (co-authored with Timothy LaHaye)
- The Spirit-Controlled Woman (1976) Template:OCLC
- How to Develop Your Child's Temperament (1977) Template:OCLC
- I Am a Woman by God's Design (1980) Template:OCLC
- The Restless Woman (1984) Template:OCLC
- The Desires of a Woman's Heart (1993) Template:OCLC