Stenopodidea

The Stenopodidea or boxer shrimps are a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with Caridea shrimp or Dendrobranchiata prawns, they are neither, belonging to their own group.

Anatomy

They can be differentiated from the Dendrobranchiata prawns by their lack of branching gills, and by the fact that they brood their eggs instead of directly releasing them into the water. They differ from the Caridea shrimp by their greatly enlarged third pair of legs.<ref name="Bauer_3_14">Template:Cite book</ref>

Taxonomy

Stenopodidea belongs to the order Decapoda, and is most closely related to the Caridea and Procarididea infraorders of shrimp. The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's relationships to other relatives within Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.<ref name="Wolfe2019">Template:Cite journal</ref>

There are 71 extant species currently recognized within Stenopodidea, divided into 12 genera.<ref name="Carideorum">Template:Cite journal</ref> Three fossil species are also recognized, each belonging to a separate genus.<ref name="Grave">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Devonostenopus /> The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis from the Devonian.<ref name=Devonostenopus>Template:Cite journal</ref> Until D. pennsylvaniensis was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was Jilinicaris chinensis from the Late Cretaceous.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's internal relationships:<ref name="Wolfe2019"/>

Stenopodidea comprises the following families and genera:

• †Dubiostenopus Alencar et al. 2023

• Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
  • Macromaxillocaris Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
• Spongicolidae Schram, 1986
  • Engystenopus Alcock & Anderson, 1894
  • Globospongicola Komai & Saito, 2006
  • †Jilinicaris Schram, Shen, Vonk & Taylor, 2000
  • Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860
  • Paraspongicola De Saint Laurent & Cléva, 1981
  • Spongicola De Haan, 1844
  • Spongicoloides Hansen, 1908
  • Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973
• Stenopodidae Claus, 1872
  • †Devonostenopus Jones et al., 2014
  • Juxtastenopus Goy, 2010
  • Odontozona Holthuis, 1946
  • †Phoenice Garassino, 2001
  • Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
  • Stenopus Latreille, 1819