Brodnica
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}}Template:Main other Brodnica Template:IPAc-pl (Template:Langx) is a town in northern Poland with 28,574 inhabitants Template:As of.Template:TERYT It is the seat of Brodnica County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The nearby Brodnica Landscape Park, a protected area, gets its name from Brodnica.
HistoryEdit
The first reference to the town of Brodnica dates from 1263. In 1285–1370 the construction of the Gothic Church of St. Catherine took place. Brodnica received town privileges in 1298. In 1414, a Polish–Teutonic truce was signed there, ending the Hunger War.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1440, the town was one of the founding members of the Prussian Confederation, which opposed Teutonic rule,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and upon the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon reincorporated the territory to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. In May 1454 the town pledged allegiance to the Polish King in Toruń.<ref>Górski, p. 76</ref> After the end of the Thirteen Years' War, the Teutonic Knights renounced claims to the town, and recognized it as part of Poland.<ref>Górski, p. 88-90, 206-207</ref> It became a royal town of the Polish Crown,<ref name=pb>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> administratively located in the Chełmno Voivodeship. In the Teutonic state Brodnica was the seat of the Commander, in the Polish Kingdom it was the capital of the district starosty, and the former Commander's lands were then royal property.
A favourable location on the intersection of important routes used for transportation of different goods (wood, fish, furs, animal skin, grain, wool) accelerated the development of the town, making it an important trading centre, the status still reflected in the number of well-preserved granaries along the Drwęca. Between 1486 and 1604 the town belonged to the Działyński family, then between 1604 and 1625 to Anna Vasa of Sweden who was the royal sister of Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden. In later years it was the property Queen Cecily Renata, Chancellor Jerzy Ossoliński, Queen Maria Casimira, and Marshal Franciszek Bieliński.
Brodnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772, during the First Partition of Poland, but in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, Brodnica became part of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815, Brodnica, known as Strasburg in German, was again annexed by Prussia. In 1871, it also became part of the German Empire. After 1785, the Prussians dismantled the Brodnica Castle, preserving only the tower, which is currently the highest Gothic tower in Poland east of the Vistula, and serves as a museum and a watchtower. The town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue, a grammar school, a district court, a main customs office and several commercial operations.
The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the January Uprising (1863). It is in the Brodnica region too that Masovian insurgents sought refuge from Russian persecution after the failure of the January Uprising. Bank Spółdzielczy w Brodnicy, which is the oldest continuously operating Polish bank, was established in 1862.<ref name=pb/> In 1873 a Polish philomath organization was founded in the local gymnasium, whose activity ended in 1901 due to Germany's anti-Polish policies.<ref name=pb/>
Between 1886 and 1910, Brodnica received railway connections with Działdowo, Grudziądz, Iława, Sierpc and Jabłonowo Pomorskie, which made it an important railway junction and triggered industrial progress. In the 19th century, the Chełmno Land (and Brodnica in particular) was a refuge for Polish patriots who contributed greatly to social, cultural and economic life of the region, like Ignacy Łyskowski.
In January 1920, after the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles, Brodnica was reintegrated with Poland, which had recently regained independence.<ref name=pb/> On 18 August 1920, the town was the site of a Polish victory over the invading Soviets in the Template:Interlanguage link during the Polish–Soviet War. In the 1920s the town was visited by highest Polish dignitaries: Prime Minister Wincenty Witos, Marshal Józef Piłsudski and President Stanisław Wojciechowski.<ref name=pb/>
During the occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1939, Germans carried out mass arrests of local Poles, who were later murdered in the area or deported to Nazi concentration camps.<ref name=pb/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Some of these Poles were murdered in Skrwilno between 15 October and 15 November 1939 and in Brzezinki in October 1939.<ref>Wardzyńska (2009), p. 174-175</ref> The interwar principal of the local high school, Klemens Malicki, was among the Polish principals and teachers murdered in the Oranienburg concentration camp as part of the Intelligenzaktion Pommern.<ref>Wardzyńska (2009), p. 180</ref> In 1940–1941, the Germans carried out expulsions of Poles, whose homes, shops and workshops were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> An Einsatzgruppen penal camp was operated in the town during the occupation,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and in 1944, the Germans also established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp, intended for female prisoners.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The German occupation ended in January 1945.
In 1975–1998, it was administratively located in the Toruń Voivodeship.
ClimateEdit
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).<ref>Climate Summary for Poznan, Poland (nearest city on record)</ref> Template:Weather box
LocationEdit
| Number of inhabitants by year | ||
| Year | Number | |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 1,283 | in 228 households (Feuerstellen)<ref name="HHS" >Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen, Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, Template:ISBN, pp. 215–216.</ref> |
| 1783 | 1,853 | with the garrison (315 persons belonging to two squadrons of a hussar regiment founded in 1773), mostly Lutherans, 27 Jews<ref name="JFG">Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen. Part II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 42–44.</ref> |
| 1807 | 2,113 | <ref name="HHS" /> |
| 1816 | 1,994 | <ref name="HHS" /> |
| 1826 | 2,669 | <ref name="HHS" /> |
| 1831 | 2,585 | mostly Germans<ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 437, no. 46.</ref> |
| 1875 | 5,454 | <ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Strasburg (2006).</ref> |
| 1880 | 5,801 | <ref name="VWG" /> |
| 1890 | 6,122 | incl. 2,587 Protestants, 3,048 Catholics and 480 Jews (2,000 Poles)<ref name="VWG" /> |
| 1905 | 7,217 | incl. 2,702 Protestants and 318 Jews<ref name="MKL" >Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, pp. 95–96.</ref> |
| 1931 | 8,521 | approx. 800 Germans<ref name="GB" >Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 18, Leipzig 1934, p. 234.</ref> |
| 2006 | 32,588 | |
| 2010 | 27,731 | |
| 2014 | 28,574 | |
| 2018 | 28,874 | <ref name = population /> |
| 2021 | 28,536 | <ref name = population /> |
Brodnica is located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship on an important route transit over the small river Drwęca, about Template:Convert south-east of Grudziądz.
SportsEdit
The sports teams in the city include the football club Sparta Brodnica.<ref>Sparta official website. Template:Webarchive</ref>
MuseumEdit
The Museum of Brodnica (Muzeum w Brodnicy) consists of three branches, focusing on history, archeology and contemporary art. It is located in the Renaissance granary, the Brodnica Castle tower and the Gothic Chełmińska Gate.
International relationsEdit
Twin towns – Sister citiesEdit
Brodnica is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Strasburg, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Brørup, Denmark
- Template:Flagicon Kėdainiai, Lithuania
- Template:Flagicon Kristinehamn, Sweden
- Template:Flagicon Chamalières, France
- Template:Flagicon Koprivnica, Croatia
- Template:Flagicon Hummelo en Keppel, Netherlands
- Template:Flagicon Sevan, Armenia
Notable peopleEdit
- Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen – Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- Anna Vasa of Sweden – Swedish princess made starosta of Brodnica in 1605 by Sigismund III Vasa
- Robert Garrison – German film actor
- Łukasz Fabiański – Polish footballer
- Jakub Wawrzyniak – Polish footballer
- Robert Kłos – Polish footballer
- Jakub Zabłocki – Polish footballer
- Daniel Trojanowski – Polish rower
- Patryk Kuchczyński – Polish team handball player
- Mateusz Łęgowski – Polish footballer
GalleryEdit
- Brodnica, Polska . Widok miasta z wieży zamkowej. - panoramio (30).jpg
Old Town
- Brodnica, Duży Rynek (2).JPG
Market Square (Duży Rynek) filled with colourful historic townhouses
- Brodnica kosciol Matki Boskiej Krolowej Polski (01).jpg
Our Lady Queen of Poland church and historic townhouses
- Brodnica kościół pw św Katarzyny.jpg
Gothic Church of St. Catherine
- Brodnica kościół pw św Katarzyny - wnetrze.jpg
Interior of the Church of St. Catherine
- Kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Brodnicy.jpg
Franciscan Monastery
- Brodnica, mury obronne 4.JPG
Medieval town walls
- Brama Chelmińska w Brodnicy.jpg
Chełmińska Gate, now a museum
- Brodnica, Wieża Mazurska 1.jpg
Mazurska Tower
- Brodnica, spichrz, ul. Wodna 3.jpg
Granary
- Magistrat Brodnica.JPG
Town Hall
- Brodnica, cmentarz wojskowy 7.jpg
Memorial at the site of German executions of Poles in 1939
- Brodnica, pomnik Anny Wazówny.JPG
Monument of Anna Vasa
- Brodnica lądowisko.jpg
Medical helicopter landing pad
- Brodnica.jpg
Drwęca river
- Niskie Brodno panorama.jpg
Niskie Brodno lake
NotesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Brodnica County Template:Gmina Brodnica, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Template:Authority control