Brompheniramine

Brompheniramine, sold under the brand name Dimetapp among others, is a first-generation antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class.<ref name="Martindale34">Template:Cite book</ref> It is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. Like the other first-generation drugs of its class, it is considered a sedating antihistamine.<ref name="Martindale34"/>

It was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1955.<ref name=Fis2006>Template:Cite book</ref> In 2022, the combination with dextromethorphan and pseudoephedrine was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1Template:Nbspmillion prescriptions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Side effects

Brompheniramine's effects on the cholinergic system may include side-effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate. It is listed as one of the drugs of highest anticholinergic activity in a study of anticholinergenic burden, including long-term cognitive impairment.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Pharmacology

Brompheniramine works by acting as an antagonist of histamine H₁ receptors. It also functions as a moderately effective anticholinergic agent, and is likely an antimuscarinic agent<ref name=DBO>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> similar to other common antihistamines such as diphenhydramine.

Brompheniramine is metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver.<ref name=DBO />

Chemistry

Brompheniramine is part of a series of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives and others including fluorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine), triprolidine (Actifed), and iodopheniramine. The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibit optical isomerism; brompheniramine products contain racemic brompheniramine maleate, whereas dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral) is the dextrorotary (right-handed) stereoisomer.<ref name="Martindale34"/><ref name="Remington21">Template:Cite book</ref>

Brompheniramine is an analog of chlorpheniramine. The only difference is that the chlorine atom in the benzene ring is replaced with a bromine atom. It is also synthesized in an analogous manner.<ref>Template:Cite patent</ref><ref>Template:Cite patent</ref>

History

Arvid Carlsson and his colleagues, working at the Swedish company Astra AB, were able to derive the first marketed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, from brompheniramine.<ref name="Barondes">Template:Cite book</ref>

Names

Brand names include Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, and Lodrane. All bromphemiramine preparations are marketed as the maleate salt.<ref name="Martindale34"/>

References

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