Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use New Zealand English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person

Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a New Zealand racing driver, automotive designer, engineer and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from Template:F1 to Template:F1. McLaren was runner-up in the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in Template:F1 with Cooper, and won four Grands Prix across 13 seasons. In endurance racing, McLaren won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in Template:24hLM with Ford. He founded McLaren in 1963, who have since won nine Formula One World Constructors' Championship titles and remain the only team to have completed the Triple Crown of Motorsport.Template:Efn

Born and raised in Auckland, McLaren initially studied engineering at the University of Auckland before dropping out to focus on his motor racing career. Having entered his first hillclimbing event aged 14, he progressed to Formula Two in 1957, winning the New Zealand Championship the following year. His performance at the New Zealand Grand Prix attracted the attention of Jack Brabham, with whom he partnered at Cooper in Template:F1 having already debuted at the 1958 German Grand Prix, where he finished fifth in his Formula Two machinery. Aged 22, McLaren took his maiden win at the Template:F1GP, becoming the then-youngest driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix, a record which stood for 44 years. Remaining at Cooper for Template:F1, McLaren took a further win in Argentina—amongst several podiums—as he finished championship runner-up to teammate Brabham. After a winless Template:F1 season for Cooper, McLaren won the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, finishing third in the championship to Graham Hill and Jim Clark. Cooper struggled for performance from Template:F1 to Template:F1 as Lotus, BRM and Ferrari dominated the championship, prompting McLaren to enter Formula One with his own team. McLaren founded Bruce McLaren Motor Racing in 1963, with whom he competed from Template:F1 until his death in Template:F1. With the team, he won the Template:F1GP in Template:F1 and finished third in the 1969 World Drivers' Championship. In June 1970, he died while testing the McLaren M8D at Goodwood, having achieved four wins, three fastest laps and 27 podiums in Formula One.

Outside of Formula One, McLaren competed in nine editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from Template:24hLM to Template:24hLM, winning in Template:24hLM alongside Chris Amon in the Ford GT40 Mk II. He was also a two-time champion of the Canadian-American Challenge Cup in 1967 and 1969, driving his own M6A and M8B, and won the Tasman Series in 1964. His legacy has been cemented with the McLaren Group, whose achievements have included winning nine World Constructors' Championships, two Indianapolis 500s,Template:Efn and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in Template:24hLM. McLaren was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1991.

Early lifeEdit

Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Bruce McLaren attended Meadowbank Primary School. As a nine-year-old, he was diagnosed with Perthes disease in his hip that left his left leg shorter than the right.

His parents, Les and Ruth McLaren, owned a service station and workshop in Remuera Rd, Remuera, Auckland;<ref name="Historic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Les McLaren had been a motorcycle racing enthusiast, but gave that up due to an injury before Bruce's birth, and began racing cars at the club level instead.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> Bruce spent all of his free hours hanging around the workshop and developed his passion during his formative years. The former garage was first listed as a category 1 historic place by Heritage New Zealand in 2006.<ref name="Historic"/>

After finishing high school at Seddon Memorial Technical College, McLaren enrolled in the School of Engineering at Auckland University, however he dropped out after motor racing success; his student record card was reported to have been ended with the words "went motor racing".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Etymology of McLaren surnameEdit

In 1972, 2 years after Bruce's death, his great-grandfather Ben McLaren celebrated his 100th birthday.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After retrieving his birth certificate, it was found that his original surname was 'Howie' rather than 'McLaren', which was thought to have been his original family name.

Howie, born in the Australian state of South Australia, had relocated to New Zealand and married a publican’s daughter while residing there. After returning to South Australia, he fell in love with, and subsequently began a relationship with Frances Moyle, a married woman with three children.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Howie then again relocated to New Zealand with his new wife Frances, adopting the surname 'McLaren', a reference to the famous McLaren Vale wine region in South Australia (located 40 km (24 mi) south of Adelaide, the state's capital city), to conceal his old life.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CareerEdit

Template:More citations needed section Les McLaren restored an Austin 7 Ulster, which 14-year-old Bruce used in 1952 when he entered his first competition, a hillclimb at Muriwai, where he won the 750 cc class.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Two years later, he took part in his first real race and showed promise. He moved up from the Austin to a Ford 10 special and an Austin-Healey, then a Formula Two (F2) Cooper-Climax sports racing car. He immediately began to modify, improve and master it, so much so that he was runner-up in the 1957–58 New Zealand championship series.

McLaren founded McLaren Automotive in 1963.

Driving careerEdit

Grand PrixEdit

File:McLarenBruce19690801.jpg
McLaren in the 1969 German Grand Prix
File:McLaren at 1969 Dutch Grand Prix.jpg
McLaren (centre left, white balaclava) prepares to take his seat in his McLaren M7C Formula One car, prior to the 1969 Dutch Grand Prix

His performance in the New Zealand Grand Prix in 1958 was noticed by Australian driver Jack Brabham (who would later invite McLaren to drive for him). Because of his obvious potential, the New Zealand International Grand Prix organisation selected him for its 'Driver to Europe' scheme designed to give a promising Kiwi driver year-round experience with the best in the world. McLaren was the first recipient, to be followed by others later including Denny Hulme. McLaren went to Cooper and stayed seven years. He raced in F2 and was entered in the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring in which F2 and F1 cars competed together. He astounded the motor racing fraternity by being the first F2, and fifth overall, in a field of the best drivers in the world.

McLaren joined the Cooper factory F1 team alongside Jack Brabham in 1959 and won the 1959 United States Grand Prix at age 22 years 104 days,<ref>United States Grand Prix, Tom Burnside Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library.</ref> becoming the youngest ever GP winner (not including the Indianapolis 500) up to that time. This record would stand for more than four decades until Fernando Alonso's victory at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix. He followed that with a win in the Argentine Grand Prix, the first race of the 1960 Formula One season, and he would finish runner-up that season to Brabham.

McLaren won the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, eventually finishing third in the championship that year. The next year, he founded Bruce McLaren Motor Racing Ltd, which remains in the Formula One championship simply as McLaren. McLaren continued to race and win in Coopers (including the New Zealand GP in 1964).

McLaren left Cooper at the end of 1965, and announced his own GP racing team, with co-driver and fellow Kiwi Chris Amon. Amon left in 1967 to drive for Ferrari. In 1968, McLaren was joined by another fellow Kiwi Denny Hulme, who had become world champion in 1967 with Brabham. McLaren took his fourth career win racing his own McLaren car at Spa in 1968, achieving the team's first Grand Prix win. Hulme won twice in the McLaren-Ford.

The Template:F1 championship was also a success, with McLaren finishing third in the standings despite taking no wins. In tribute to his homeland, McLaren's cars featured the "speedy Kiwi" logo.

Can-Am seriesEdit

McLaren's design flair and ingenuity were graphically demonstrated in powerful sports car racing. Just as the Can-Am began to become very popular with fans in Canada and the U.S., the new McLaren cars finished second twice, and third twice, in six races.

In 1967, they won five of six races and in 1968, four of six. The following year, McLarens proved unbeatable, winning all 11 races. In two races, they finished 1–2–3.

24 Hours of Le MansEdit

In 1965, McLaren and co-driver Ken Miles raced a Ford GT40 in the 24 Hour Race at Le Mans. The car was leading after 45 laps but retired due to gearbox failure. In 1966, McLaren and co-driver Chris Amon won the race in a Ford GT40, in a Ford 1-2-3 finish. The Ken Miles-Denny Hulme entry crossed the line first but had travelled less distance due to the Le Mans style start.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Career as a constructorEdit

McLaren was a competitive driver, but his legacy, the McLaren racing team, stems from his abilities as an analyst, engineer, and manager. In the early days of McLaren sports cars, McLaren was testing and as he drove out of the pits, he noticed the fuel filler access door was flapping up and down as he drove. The current aerodynamic thinking was that it should have been pressed more firmly in place as the speed of the car increased. Instead, it bounced more vigorously as the speed increased. Instantly, his frustration at the sloppy work changed and he had an insight. Stopping in the pits, he grabbed a pair of shears and started cutting the bodywork away behind the radiator. Climbing back in the car, he immediately began turning lap times faster than before.

Later, he explained,

I was first angry that the filler door hadn't been properly closed but then I began to wonder why it wasn't being pressed down by the airflow. The only answer was that there had to be a source of higher pressure air under it than over it.

From that session came the "nostrils" that have been a key McLaren design feature, including in the McLaren P1 road car.

McLaren noticed that his team's cars were less innovative than the Chaparrals of rival driver/designer Jim Hall, but their superior reliability was rewarded by race and championship victories. That culture continued after his death and, when Ron Dennis bought the team, was reinforced by the lessons learned in his early career as a race mechanic.

DeathEdit

Bruce McLaren died aged 32 when his Can-Am car crashed on the Lavant Straight just before Woodcote corner at Goodwood Circuit in England on 2 June 1970. He had been testing his new McLaren M8D when the rear bodywork came adrift at speed. The loss of aerodynamic downforce destabilised the car, which spun, left the track, and hit a bunker used as a flag station.

Motorsport author Eoin Young said that McLaren had "virtually penned his own epitaph" in his 1964 book From the Cockpit. Referring to the death of teammate Timmy Mayer, McLaren had written:

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

The news that he had died instantly was a terrible shock to all of us, but who is to say that he had not seen more, done more and learned more in his few years than many people do in a lifetime? To do something well is so worthwhile that to die trying to do it better cannot be foolhardy. It would be a waste of life to do nothing with one's ability, for I feel that life is measured in achievement, not in years alone.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

}}

{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}

He was buried at Waikumete Cemetery in Glen Eden.<ref name="West-Dead">Template:Cite book</ref> McLaren was survived by his wife, sisters and daughter, Amanda, who is a brand ambassador for McLaren and is one of the trustees of the Bruce McLaren Trust alongside her husband.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His wife died in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

LegacyEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Bruce McLaren Trust, based in Auckland, New Zealand, perpetuates his memory and runs a small museum, formerly located in the flat where Bruce grew up (above a petrol station in Remuera), now located at Hampton Downs Motorsport Park.
  • On 20 January 2007, at New Zealand's round of the A1 Grand Prix series, it was announced that a movie was to be made about Bruce McLaren.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • On 21 February 2017 it was announced that Roger Donaldson would be making a movie called McLaren.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In popular cultureEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Racing recordEdit

Complete Formula One World Championship resultsEdit

(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 WDC Pts.<ref name="droppedpoints">Up until Template:F1, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.</ref>
1958 Cooper Car Company Cooper T45 F2 Climax Straight-4 ARG MON NED 500 BEL FRA GBR GER
Template:Small
POR ITA MOR
Template:Small
NC 0*
1959 Cooper Car Company Cooper T45 Climax Straight-4 MON
Template:Small
500 NED 6th 16.5
Cooper T51 FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
POR
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
1960 Cooper Car Company Cooper T51 Climax Straight-4 ARG
Template:Small
2nd 34 (37)
Cooper T53 MON
Template:Small
500 NED
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
POR
Template:Small
ITA USA
Template:Small
1961 Cooper Car Company Cooper T55 Climax Straight-4 MON
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
8th 11
1962 Cooper Car Company Cooper T60 Climax V8 NED
Template:Small
MON
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
RSA
Template:Small
3rd 27 (32)
1963 Cooper Car Company Cooper T66 Climax V8 MON
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
RSA
Template:Small
6th 17
1964 Cooper Car Company Cooper T66 Climax V8 MON
Template:Small
7th 13
Cooper T73 NED
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
AUT
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
1965 Cooper Car Company Cooper T73 Climax V8 RSA
Template:Small
9th 10
Cooper T77 MON
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
1966 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M2B Ford V8 MON
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
16th 3
Serenissima V8 BEL
Template:Small
FRA GBR
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
GER ITA
1967 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M4B BRM V8 RSA MON
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
BEL 14th 3
Anglo American Racers Eagle T1G Weslake V12 FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M5A BRM V12 CAN
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
1968 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M7A Cosworth V8 RSA ESP
Template:Small
MON
Template:Small
BEL
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
CAN
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
5th 22
1969 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M7B Cosworth V8 RSA
Template:Small
3rd 26
McLaren M7C ESP
Template:Small
MON
Template:Small
NED
Template:Small
FRA
Template:Small
GBR
Template:Small
GER
Template:Small
ITA
Template:Small
CAN
Template:Small
USA
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
1970 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M14A Cosworth V8 RSA
Template:Small
ESP
Template:Small
MON
Template:Small
BEL NED FRA GBR GER AUT ITA CAN USA MEX 14th 6

* McLaren was ineligible to score points in the 1958 German Grand Prix because he was driving a Formula Two car.

Non-championship resultsEdit

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1958 Cooper Car Company Cooper T45 Climax Straight-4 BUE GLV SYR AIN
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
CAE
1959 Cooper Car Company Cooper T45 Climax Straight-4 BUE GLV
Template:Small
AIN
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
Cooper T51 OUL
Template:Small
SIL
1960 Cooper Car Company Cooper T51 Climax Straight-4 BUE
Template:Small
GLV
Template:Small
Cooper T53 INT
Template:Small
SIL
Template:Small
LOM OUL
Template:Small
1961 Cooper Car Company Cooper T53 Climax V8 LOM GLV PAU BRX
Template:Small
VIE SOL
Template:Small
KAN DAN MOD FLG OUL
Template:Small
LEW VAL RAN NAT RSA
Cooper T55 AIN
Template:Small
SYR
Template:Small
NAP LON SIL
Template:Small
1962 Cooper Car Company Cooper T55 Climax V8 CAP BRX LOM LAV
Template:Small
GLV
Template:Small
PAU AIN
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
NAP MAL CLP
Template:Small
Cooper T60 RMS
Template:Small
SOL KAN MED DAN OUL
Template:Small
MEX
Template:Small
RAN NAT
1963 Cooper Car Company Cooper T66 Climax V8 LOM
Template:Small
GLV
Template:Small
PAU IMO SYR AIN
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
ROM SOL KAN MED AUT OUL
Template:Small
RAN
1964 Cooper Car Company Cooper T66 Climax V8 DMT
Template:Small
NWT
Template:Small
SYR
Cooper T73 AIN
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
SOL MED RAN
1965 Cooper Car Company Cooper T77 Climax V8 ROC
Template:Small
SYR SMT
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
MED RAN
1967 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M4B BRM V8 ROC
Template:Small
SPR
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
SYR OUL ESP
1968 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M7A Ford-Cosworth V8 ROC
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
OUL
1969 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M7B Ford-Cosworth V8 ROC
Template:Small
McLaren M7C INT
Template:Small
MAD OUL
1970 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M14A Ford-Cosworth V8 ROC
Template:Small
INT
Template:Small
OUL

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans resultsEdit

Year Team Co-drivers Car Class Laps Template:Tooltip Template:Tooltip
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Cooper Car Company Template:Flagicon Jim Russell Cooper Monaco S 2.0 79 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Briggs Cunningham Template:Flagicon Walt Hansgen Maserati Tipo 63 S 3.0 31 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Briggs Cunningham Template:Flagicon Walt Hansgen Maserati Tipo 151 E +3.0 177 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon David Brown Racing Dept. Template:Flagicon Innes Ireland Aston Martin DP214 GT +3.0 59 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Ford Motor Company Template:Flagicon Phil Hill Ford GT40 P 5.0 192 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Shelby American Inc. Template:Flagicon Ken Miles Ford GT40X P +5.0 89 DNF DNF
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Shelby American Inc. Template:Flagicon Chris Amon Ford Mk.II P +5.0 360 1st 1st
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon Shelby American Inc. Template:Flagicon Mark Donohue Ford Mk.IV P +5.0 359 4th 4th
Template:24hLM Template:Flagicon John Woolfe Racing Template:Flagicon John Woolfe McLaren M6B S 5.0 - DNA DNA
{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

Complete British Saloon Car Championship resultsEdit

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Year Team Car Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Template:Tooltip Pts Class
1961 Peter Berry Racing Ltd Jaguar Mk II 3.8 Template:Tooltip SNE GOO
ovr:5
cls:5
AIN
ovr:3
cls:3
SIL
ovr:3
cls:3
CRY SIL
Ret
BRH
ovr:4
cls:4
OUL
ovr:3
cls:3
SNE
ovr:3
cls:3
13th 16 4th
1965 Nippon Racing Isuzu Bellett Template:Tooltip BRH OUL SNE GOO
DNS
SIL CRY BRH OUL NC 0 NC
{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

Complete Tasman Series resultsEdit

Year Chassis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rank Points
1964 Cooper T70 LEV
Template:Small
PUK
Template:Small
WIG
Template:Small
TER
Template:Small
SAN
Template:Small
WAR
Template:Small
LAK
Template:Small
LON
Template:Small
1st 39 (47)
1965 Cooper T79 PUK
Template:Small
LEV
Template:Small
WIG
Template:Small
TER
Template:Small
WAR
Template:Small
SAN
Template:Small
LON
Template:Small
2nd 24 (26)
1968 BRM P126 PUK
Template:Small
LEV
Template:Small
WIG
Template:Small
TER
Template:Small
SUR
WAR
SAN LON
6th 11

Complete Canadian-American Challenge Cup resultsEdit

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pos Points
1966 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M1B Chevrolet V8 MTR
Template:Small
BRI
Template:Small
MOS
Template:Small
LAG
Template:Small
RIV
Template:Small
LVG
Template:Small
3rd 20
1967 Bruce Mclaren Motor Racing McLaren M6A Chevrolet V8 ROA
Template:Small
BRI
Template:Small
MOS
Template:Small
LAG
Template:Small
RIV
Template:Small
LVG
Template:Small
1st 30
1968 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M8A Chevrolet V8 ROA
Template:Small
BRI
Template:Small
EDM
Template:Small
LAG
Template:Small
RIV
Template:Small
LVG
Template:Small
2nd 24
1969 Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren M8B Chevrolet V8 MOS
Template:Small
MTR
Template:Small
WGL
Template:Small
EDM
Template:Small
MDO
Template:Small
ROA
Template:Small
BRI
Template:Small
MCH
Template:Small
LAG
Template:Small
RIV
Template:Small
TWS
Template:Small
1st 165
{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

* Joint fastest lap.

NotesEdit

Template:Notelist

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist Related Books:

  • From the Cockpit by Bruce McLaren
  • Bruce McLaren: Racing Car Constructor by George Begg
  • McLaren – The Man, Cars & Team by Eoin Young
  • Eoin Young's McLaren Book
  • The Last Season – The Life of Bruce McLaren by Jeanne Beeching
  • The Golden Era of New Zealand Motor Racing by Graham Vercoe

A list of further such volumes can be viewed at Historical Books -- Bruce McLaren Trust - History of motorsport racing legend and founder of McLaren F1 and Can-Am teams.

External linksEdit

Template:McLaren Template:Navboxes Template:Authority control