Bucky Harris
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Template:Infobox baseball biography Stanley Raymond "Bucky" Harris (November 8, 1896 – November 8, 1977) was an American professional baseball second baseman, manager and executive. While Harris played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers,<ref name="harrisBR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it was his long managerial career that led to his enshrinement in the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1975.<ref name="kashatus76">Kashatus, William C., Diamonds in the Coalfields: 21 Remarkable Baseball Players, Managers, and Umpires from Northeast Pennsylvania. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2002, p. 76 Template:ISBN</ref>
Hired by the Senators to act as player-manager at the age of 27, Harris would lead the team to the 1924 World Series title, becoming the youngest manager to win a championship and the first rookie manager to do so (four other rookies have accomplished the feat since).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Harris managed 29 seasons, fourth most in MLB history. In his tenure as manager for five teams (with three terms for Washington and two for Detroit), Harris won over 2,150 games, three league pennants and two World Series championships (1924 with the Senators and 1947 with the New York Yankees); the gap between Harris's World Series appearances (22 years) and championships (23) are the longest in major league history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early lifeEdit
Stanley Raymond "Bucky" Harris was born on November 8, 1896, in Port Jervis, New York, and raised after the age of six in Pittston, Pennsylvania. He was of Swiss and Welsh descent. His father, Thomas, had emigrated from Wales, while his mother, Catherine (Rupp), hailed from Hughestown, near Pittston. His elder brother, Merle, was a minor league second baseman. Bucky Harris left school at age 13 to work at a local colliery, the Butler Mine, as an office boy and, later, a weigh master.<ref name="walla">Kritzer, Cy, "The Boy Who Bucked the Current", 1947 Baseball Guide and Record Book, St. Louis, Missouri: The Sporting News, 1947, pp. 116-123</ref> In his spare time, Harris played basketball for the Pittston YMCA team as well as sandlot baseball.
Professional careerEdit
Minor leaguesEdit
Harris was listed as Template:Convert tall and Template:Convert; he threw and batted right-handed. In 1916, when Harris was 19, Pittston native Hughie Jennings, then the manager of the Detroit Tigers, signed him to his first contract and farmed him to the Class B Muskegon Reds of the Central League, where he struggled as a batsman and was released.<ref name="walla"/> Harris then caught on with the Scranton Miners, Norfolk Tars and Reading Pretzels through 1917, before reaching the highest level of minor league baseball with the 1918–1919 Buffalo Bisons of the International League. Harris improved his batting skills during the latter season with the Bisons, making 126 hits and raising his average to .282.
Washington Senators (1919–1928)Edit
Harris then was recommended to the Washington Senators by baseball promoter Joe Engel, who led the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium. In August 1919, at the age of 22, he came up to Washington but was unimpressive at first,<ref name="kashatus74">Kashatus, op. cit., p. 74</ref> batting a meager .214 and getting into only eight games that first season. Despite this poor showing, owner-manager Clark Griffith made him Washington's regular second baseman in 1920, and before long Harris was batting .300 and making a mark for himself as a tough competitor, standing up to even ferocious superstar Ty Cobb, who threatened Harris when he tagged Cobb in their first encounter.<ref name="kashatus74"/>
Harris spent most of his playing career as a second baseman with the Senators (1919–1928). In 1924, he was named player-manager; at the age of 27 he was the youngest manager in the Majors.<ref name="kashatus74"/> He proceeded to lead the Senators to their only World Series title in Washington in his rookie season, and was nicknamed "The Boy Wonder."<ref name="bessa">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum official site</ref> He won a second consecutive American League pennant in 1925, but the Senators lost the 1925 World Series in Pittsburgh in the late innings of Game 7 after leading 3–1 in the Series.<ref name="kashatus74-76">Kashatus, op. cit., pp. 74–76</ref> Baseball historian William C. Kashatus wrote of his dominant play in the 1924 World Series:<ref name="kashatus75">Kashatus, op. cit., p. 75</ref> "Not only did he set records for chances accepted, double plays and put-outs in the exciting seven-game affair, but he batted .333 and hit two home runs"<ref name="kashatus75"/> — including an important roundtripper in Game 7 which opened the scoring and gave Washington a 1–0 lead in the 4th inning. These feats are even more impressive considering that the light-hitting Harris only hit nine home runs during his entire career.
After Harris‘ back-to-back pennants in 1924–1925, he was able to keep the Senators in the first division for the next three seasons, but their win totals declined, from 96 (1925) to 81 (Template:Baseball year), then 85 (Template:Baseball year).
Detroit Tigers (1929, 1931)Edit
When, in Template:Mlby, they won only 75 games (against 79 losses), Griffith traded Harris to Detroit and changed managers, with Hall of Fame pitcher Walter Johnson named as his successor. The Template:Baseball year Tigers had won only 68 games, and Harris' Template:Baseball year edition offered only a slight improvement, winning 70. Harris’ initial departure from the Senators in 1928 (he would twice return to manage them again from 1935–1942 and 1950–1954) came in a trade to the Tigers as player-manager.<ref name="kashatus76"/> Although he retired as a player after the 1931 season, his playing career effectively ended with his trade to Detroit. Harris only made 11 cameo appearances in the Tiger lineup: seven in 1929 and four in 1931. In all, he appeared in 1,263 games over all or portions of 13 seasons, and collected 1,297 hits, with 224 doubles, 64 triples, nine home runs, 472 bases on balls, and 167 stolen bases. Harris batted .274 lifetime with 508 career runs batted in.
In five full seasons as the Tigers' manager, he produced only one winning year, Template:Baseball year, when Detroit went 76–75 and finished fifth and Template:Frac games behind the Yankees. In the waning days of Template:Baseball year, Harris stepped down. His eventual successor, Mickey Cochrane, a future Hall-of-Fame catcher who was acquired from the Philadelphia Athletics, would lead the Tigers as a player-manager to back-to-back pennants in 1934–1935 (and their first-ever world championship in the latter year).
Boston Red Sox (1934)Edit
Harris signed as manager of the Red Sox for Template:Baseball year. Boston was then a habitual tail-ender in the American League, and had registered 15 consecutive losing seasons since its Template:Baseball year world championship. The 1933 Red Sox had won only 63 games and finished seventh in the eight-team AL under Marty McManus, but their wealthy new owner, Tom Yawkey, had begun a major rebuilding of both the ball club and Fenway Park. Yawkey jettisoned McManus and personally selected Harris as his new manager, and his 1934 Red Sox, despite an injury-riddled season by newly purchased ace left-handed pitcher Lefty Grove, broke the losing-season streak, finishing at .500 (76–76). But Harris's stay in the Boston dugout lasted only one season. He and Eddie Collins, the Red Sox' general manager, had feuded since their playing days<ref name="vina">Huhn, Rick, Eddie Collins: A Baseball Biography. Jefferson, N.C.: Macfarland & Company, 2008, pp. 278–279 Template:ISBN</ref> and Yawkey may have hired Harris without consulting Collins. When Joe Cronin, the hard-hitting, 28-year-old playing manager of the Senators, became available on the trade market, Yawkey and Collins moved quickly, sending shortstop Lyn Lary and $225,000 to Washington on October 26, 1934,<ref name="croninBR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for Cronin, and then naming him manager for Template:Baseball year. Harris then took Cronin's old job, returning to Clark Griffith and the Senators.
Second stint with Washington Senators (1935–1942)Edit
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Harris' second term in Washington lasted for eight seasons (1935–1942), his longest tenure as a skipper. However, he never approached the highs of 1924 or 1925. Only one of his teams, the 1936 Senators, had a winning record (82–71) and first-division finish. Harris kept the club out of the American League basement, but three consecutive seventh-place finishes from 1940–1942 led to his departure.
Philadelphia Phillies (1943)Edit
His only season in the National League was spent as skipper of the 1943 Phillies.
Perhaps the worst team (42–109, .278) in baseball in Template:Mlby, the Phillies had just been sold to lumberman William D. Cox. Under Harris, the 1943 edition improved to play .424 baseball (39–53) by July 27, with just three fewer victories than they had in all of 1942. However, Harris chafed at Cox' constant interference. When Harris protested, Cox abruptly fired him after only 92 games.
Harris then played a role in Cox' banishment from professional baseball for betting on games. On the day after his firing, Harris dropped a bombshell at his hotel room — he had evidence that Cox was betting on baseball.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Harris's friends, outraged at his firing, informed Commissioner of Baseball Kenesaw Mountain Landis that Cox was violating baseball's anti-gambling mandate.<ref name="buck">article, The New York Times, March 30, 1989</ref> Landis then summoned Harris to his office to testify in person about Cox' behavior. The owner was suspended indefinitely three months later and banned from baseball outright soon afterward. The Phillies were sold to R. R. M. Carpenter in November 1943.
New York Yankees (1947–1948)Edit
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Harris then spent three seasons out of the big leagues, serving as general manager (1944–1946) and field manager (1944–1945) of the Buffalo Bisons, his old team in the International League. In August 1946, the Yankees' co-owner and GM, Larry MacPhail, appointed Harris to a front-office position.
The tumultuous Template:Baseball year season saw MacPhail employ three managers — Joe McCarthy, Bill Dickey and Johnny Neun — and finish third, 17 games in arrears of the pennant-winning Red Sox. At the close of the season, MacPhail named Harris the Bombers' 1947 manager, and he led them to his third American League pennant — the Yankees' 15th league title.
Behind Most Valuable Player Joe DiMaggio and newly acquired starting pitcher Allie Reynolds, the 1947 Yanks won 97 games and prevailed over the Tigers by a 12-game margin. Then they won Harris's second World Series championship, defeating the Jackie Robinson-led Brooklyn Dodgers in a thrilling, seven-game Fall Classic.
MacPhail sold his stake in the Yankees and left baseball immediately after the 1947 Series and Harris returned for a second season as manager. His 1948 Yankees won 94 games to finish a close third in a hectic pennant race, two games behind the Cleveland Indians and Red Sox, who ended the regular season in a tie for first place.<ref name="kashatus76"/> But the result dissatisfied the Yankees' post-MacPhail ownership team, Dan Topping and Del Webb, and their new general manager, George Weiss, and they replaced Harris with Casey Stengel. Stengel would lead New York to ten American League pennants and seven World Series titles in the next 12 seasons.
Third stint with Washington Senators (1950–1954)Edit
Harris returned to the minor leagues in 1949 as manager of the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League, before launching his third stint as skipper of the Senators, coming off a 104-loss 1949 season. His first campaign, Template:Baseball year, saw a 17-game improvement for Washington, then he led the Senators to a winning (78–76) mark in Template:Baseball year, but the team could not escape the second division in Harris's five-year, final term as Washington's manager.
Detroit Tigers (1955–1956)Edit
Nevertheless, the Tigers chose Harris to replace Fred Hutchinson as their manager for Template:Baseball year, and in the first season of his second term in Detroit, Harris again produced a turnaround. The 1955 Tigers won 79 games (eleven more than Template:Baseball year's edition) and had their first above-.500 season since Template:Baseball year. Pitcher Ned Garver described Harris as "sympathetic," recalling that he would wait until an inning was over before replacing a pitcher on the mound.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Then, Detroit won 82 games in Template:Baseball year. But the Tigers finished fifth each season, and were experiencing turmoil in their front office; outspoken owner Walter Briggs Jr. was harshly critical of Harris and his coaches during the season<ref>article, The Associated Press, June 28, 1956</ref> and was in the process of selling the team.<ref>Smiles, Jack, Boy Wonder: A Biography of Baseball's Bucky Harris. Jefferson, N.C.: Macfarland & Company, 2011, p. 261 Template:ISBN</ref> Fired by new owner Fred Knorr, Harris closed out his 29-year MLB managing career with a win–loss record of 2,158–2,219 (.493). As of September 2019, Harris ranked seventh in MLB manager career wins.<ref name="rank">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Managerial recordEdit
Front office careerEdit
In 1957, at 60, Harris rejoined the Red Sox in a front office capacity. He was assistant general manager to Joe Cronin for two seasons, and then, when Cronin was named president of the American League, succeeded him as GM in January 1959, 24 years after Cronin had displaced Harris as Boston's field manager. Harris served for two losing seasons as general manager of the Red Sox before his firing in late September 1960. On his watch, the Red Sox finally broke the baseball color line by promoting Pumpsie Green from Triple-A on July 21, 1959, more than a dozen years after Robinson's debut with the Dodgers. They were the last of the 16 pre-expansion teams to integrate.<ref name="zree">Smiles, op. cit., pp. 262-268</ref>
But the Red Sox went 75–79 in Template:Baseball year and fell into the second division, beginning a streak of eight straight losing seasons. Then, in Template:Baseball year, Hall of Famer Ted Williams's final season, they won only 65 games and finished seventh in the eight-team league. Rightfielder Jackie Jensen, still productive at age 33 — he had been Template:Baseball year's American League MVP and the AL's 1959 runs batted in leader — sat out the entire 1960 campaign in retirement due to his fear of flying.
Harris made a flurry of minor trades in an attempt to shake up his faltering team. His two highest-profile transactions, which occurred during the 1959–1960 offseason, saw him send left-handed pitcher and former bonus baby Frank Baumann to the Chicago White Sox and veteran starting catcher Sammy White to the Indians. But Baumann led the AL in earned run average with the 1960 Chisox (while the player Harris obtained, first baseman Ron Jackson, struggled through only ten games with Boston before being traded away again) and White abruptly retired rather than report to Cleveland, canceling his trade.<ref>Holbrook, Bob, "Sox, Lane Wrangle on White." The Boston Globe, March 20, 1960</ref> Harris also ran afoul of Yawkey when he fired Yawkey associate Pinky Higgins as manager and replaced him with Billy Jurges, a Senators' coach, on July 3, 1959, without consulting the owner.<ref name="zree"/> Jurges lasted less than a calendar year as the Red Sox' pilot before his firing in June 1960 — and replacement by Higgins. Harris's dismissal followed not quite four months later.
Harris ended his long MLB career as a scout for the White Sox (1961–1962) and special assistant for the new expansion Washington Senators franchise that played in D.C. from 1961 to 1971 before moving on to Arlington, Texas. All told, he spent over 55 years in baseball. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on his 81st birthday. According to his obituary in the November 10, 1977 Washington Post, Harris died after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. He was buried at St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Hughestown.
Personal lifeEdit
Harris's father-in-law during his first marriage, which ended in divorce in 1951, was Howard Sutherland, former United States Senator from West Virginia.<ref>The Washington Post, November 30, 1978</ref>
See alsoEdit
- List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
- List of Major League Baseball player-managers
- List of Major League Baseball managerial wins and winning percentage leaders
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Kashatus, William C. (2002). Diamonds in the Coalfields: 21 Remarkable Baseball Players, Managers, and Umpires from Northeast Pennsylvania. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. Template:ISBN.
External linksEdit
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