Cadw

Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Primary sources Template:Infobox government agency

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Aims and objectivesEdit

As the Welsh Government's historic environment service, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is charged with protecting the historic environment of Wales, and making it accessible to members of the public. To this end, in 2010–11 it identified four aspects of its work: it would take measures to conserve the heritage of Wales, its ancient buildings, and monuments; it would aim to sustain the distinctive characters of the different landscapes and urban areas; it would try to help people understand and care about their country, their locality, its history, and Wales' place in the world; and it would aim to improve the wellbeing of people in Wales.<ref name=report2012>Cadw Historic Environment Position Satatement 2010–11 Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 1 October 2013</ref>

Conservation and protectionEdit

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is responsible for the care and upkeep of four World Heritage Sites in Wales: the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd, the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, the Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales, and the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape.

Many of these listed sites are in private ownership, but {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has a specific responsibility (as of 2022) for the care and upkeep of the 130 historic sites that are in state ownership, employing staff at 28 sites.<ref name="BBC open doors">Template:Cite news</ref> Many of Wales' great castles and other monuments, such as bishop's palaces, historic houses, and ruined abbeys, are protected and maintained in this way, as well being opened to the public. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has been appointed by the Welsh Government and is the successor body in Wales to the Ministry of Works.<ref name=Introduction>Introducing Cadw Template:Webarchive, Cadw. Retrieved 31 August 2013</ref>

Cadw also identifies (and develops the criteria for identification) of historical assets in Wales. In 2011 there were 29,936 listed buildings in Wales; of these, 493 were the most important Grade I listed buildings, 2,124 were Grade II* and 27,319 were Grade II listed. Most of these were in private ownership. Also in Wales were 4,175 Scheduled Monuments, 6 Designated historic wrecks, and 523 Conservation Areas; these designations means that the buildings or objects concerned are protected by statute. A register of significant Welsh battlefield sites is also under preparation.<ref name=report2012/>

Cadw also provides support to other organisations with responsibility for understanding, conserving and interpreting the archaeology and cultural heritage of Wales. These include the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales which functions as an archive (around 90% of its funding comes from Welsh Government), and the Welsh Archaeological Trusts which are active in research, heritage management and supporting sustainable development across Wales (only 50% of their funding is from Cadw).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Area character studiesEdit

There are 58 Historic Landscapes<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 384 Historic parks and gardens in Wales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cadw is also undertaking urban character studies of urban areas. Eight had been completed by September 2013.<ref>Understanding Character, Cadw. Retrieved 31 August 2013</ref> Combined with a register of buildings and ancient monuments at risk these aim to enable management decision making and grant allocation to strengthen the character of different areas.<ref name=report2012/>

Care and operationEdit

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File:Mynydd Felfed (Coed Hyrddyn) - Velvet Hill, Llantysilio, Llangollen, Sir Ddinbych, Cymru (Wales) 70.jpg

Valle Crucis Abbey ruins, a historic abbey in Cadw's care

File:Pentre Ifan -neolithic dolmen -Wales-1June2009.jpg

Pentre Ifan, a Neolithic dolmen in Pembrokeshire

Cadw operates most of the heritage sites in its care and opens them to the public. In 2010–11 there were an estimated two million visits to Cadw properties. In some cases, these are major tourist attractions and offer tours of the monuments, exhibitions and display panels. Cadw also produces books and guidebooks on many of their properties. Many of the sites are unstaffed, free to access and have interpretation boards to explain their significance.<ref name=Introduction/> Alongside this, a mobile app was released in 2016, which provides basic information for visitors as well as an interpretative aspect for larger sites.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The five most frequently visited properties in 2010–11 were Caernarfon Castle (192,695 visits), Conwy Castle (190,031 visits), Caerphilly Castle (94,707 visits), Harlech Castle (93,242 visits) and Beaumaris Castle (80,660 visits).<ref name=report2012/>

To provide a better context for the history of Wales, in 2010–11 Cadw was developing thematic 'All Wales Interpretation Plans', that could develop themes across numerous sites and localities. There were eight themes:-

Origins and prehistory.
Roman invasion and settlement.
Celtic saints and pilgrimage.
Churches, chapels and monastic landscapes.
Castles and Princes of Medieval Wales.
Artistic responses to the landscape.
The Defence of the Realm – Pembrokeshire.
Wales – the first industrial nation.<ref name=report2012/>

MembershipEdit

Cadw Membership, formerly known as Heritage in Wales, gives the member free admission to all Cadw properties and World Heritage Sites in Wales for the length of their membership (annual or life). Other membership advantages are a free magazine (Heritage in Wales), reduced prices at the online gift shop and free entry to most Cadw-organised events. Cadw has also entered into reciprocal agreements with English Heritage, Historic Scotland and Manx National Heritage for free entry to the properties they manage.<ref name=Official>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EventsEdit

Cadw organises events for adults and families. These include lectures, re-enactments of historical events, and training sessions for teachers, informing them on how to use visits to historic sites to help deliver literacy and numeracy skills and an appreciation of history.<ref name=Events/>

Some 200 historical and cultural events a year are held.<ref name=Events>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cadw also provides work experience opportunities for young people, and sandwich courses for undergraduates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Every autumn since 2014<ref name="WO 2014" /> CADW has held an Open Doors festival, with sites, buildings (and parts of buildings) being made accessible which are not normally open to the public.<ref name="BBC open doors" /> Though funded and organised by CADW, the event includes many non-CADW sites and generally takes place in September.<ref name="WO open doors">Template:Cite news</ref>