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Camarillo (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a city in Ventura County, California, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 70,741, an increase of 5,540 from the 65,201 counted in the 2010 Census. Camarillo is named for brothers Juan and Adolfo Camarillo, prominent Californios who owned Rancho Calleguas and founded the city. California State University, Channel Islands, is housed on the former grounds of the Camarillo State Hospital.
HistoryEdit
At the time of European contact in the 18th century, Camarillo had been inhabited by the Chumash Indians for thousands of years.<ref name="cityofcamarillo1">Template:Cite report</ref>
Present day Camarillo and the larger Oxnard Plain were portions of a paramount Chumash capital at the village of Muwu (today's Point Mugu). Simo'mo (CA-VEN-24), which translates to "the saltbush patch", was a Chumash village located upstream from Mugu Lagoon near the city of Camarillo.<ref>Arnold, Jeanne E. (2004). Foundations of Chumash Complexity. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. Page 40. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref name="cityofcamarillo1"/> Caves with ancient pictographs are located in the area around Conejo Grade including a site used for religious ceremonies dating back to 500 A.D., where two Chumash villages were located: Lalimanux (Lalimanuc or Lalimanuh) and Kayɨwɨš or Kayiwish (Kawyis) (CA-VEN-243).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo. California Lutheran College. Page 93. Library of Congress Catalog Number 82-072788.</ref> The village of Kayɨwɨš (Chumash: "The Head") was first encountered by Europeans of the first Portola expedition on August 16, 1795.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
19th centuryEdit
Template:Stack By the early 1820s, Mexico had gained independence from Spain, and shortly afterward California allied itself with Mexico. The Mexican land grant system was liberalized in 1824, resulting in many large grants in California and the proliferation of Ranchos north of the border. One grant to José Pedro Ruiz created Rancho Calleguas in 1837, in the area that is now Camarillo. The grant was later sold to Juan Camarillo, who had arrived in 1834 as a member of the Híjar-Padrés colony;<ref name="Lees pastoral region insert page 4">Template:Cite news</ref> his sons, Adolfo and Juan, began developing a ranch on the Pleasant Valley area of the vast fertile Oxnard Plain.
Early 20th centuryEdit
Around 1910, the area for the original town site of Camarillo was beginning to be laid out. The town was centered around St. Mary Magdalen Church, which was to serve as the family chapel for Adolfo Camarillo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1927 Don Juan Camarillo, brother of Adolfo, donated Template:Convert to be used as a seminary to be named in honor of Saint John the Evangelist. The Roman Catholic seminary was opened in 1939 as St. John's Seminary.<ref name="stjohn">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Camarillo's growth was slow from founding through World War II.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the late 1940s, building lots on Ventura Boulevard, the main downtown street, were being offered for $450 and home lots on the adjoining streets were $250, with few buyers. Travel to and from Los Angeles was difficult, owing to the narrow, tortuous road climbing the Conejo Grade to the east of the city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The main industry during this period was agriculture, and the area surrounding the small town was blanketed with orange, lemon and walnut groves. The State Mental hospital, that was built south of the town, was the largest employer. A few houses had sprung up to the north and south of town center. The Oxnard Army Air Field, built during World War II to the west of town, the Naval Air Facility at Point Mugu and the Seabee base at Port Hueneme brought many military personnel to the area, but there was little private industry or other source of non-agricultural employment. Template:Stack Oxnard AAF closed at the end of World War II, but the Navy facilities remained open, with the airfield upgraded to Naval Air Station Point Mugu and the Seabee base becoming Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme and Naval Surface Warfare Center Port Hueneme. With the Korean War and associated Cold War tensions, the former Oxnard AAF was reactivated in 1951 as Oxnard Air Force Base, an Air Defense Command / Aerospace Defense Command fighter-interceptor base, that closed again in 1970 and became the present-day Camarillo Airport.
In the mid-1950s, the Ventura Freeway was completed from Los Angeles to points north, making it an easy one-hour trip to Camarillo. The Old Town was bisect by the Ventura Freeway. On the southern side of the freeway contains a strip of businesses, churches, schools, and parks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The freeway was originally planned to follow the path of Potrero Road, south of Camarillo, which would have completely by-passed the soon-to-be city.Template:Citation needed However, after much debate, city officials persuaded Caltrans to lay the freeway parallel to Ventura Boulevard, creating the infamously steep descent from the Santa Monica Mountains, known as the Conejo Grade. The grade is about Template:Convert and posted as a 7% grade—which translates as about one thousand feet of elevation change in less than three miles (70 meters per kilometer). There is a California Highway Patrol brake inspection station at the top of the grade and a stop is mandatory for all 18-wheel trucks. The completion of the freeway facilitated the growth that followed. In 1962, the population was 7,500 and 3M began construction for the Mincom and Magnetic Tape Divisions, which would ultimately employ 900 people, becoming the largest local employer. That plant briefly housed a factory for 3M spinoff Imation before being closed in 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
IncorporationEdit
Plans were made for the incorporation of the city to control the rapid expansion. Camarillo became a city in 1964 and soon put into place a General Plan and building codes. In 1964 the closest traffic signal was Template:Convert from the city center on the road to Point Mugu, and the first shopping center and supermarket were under construction.Template:Citation needed
Many of the home buyers during the 1960s were military veterans, who had been stationed at one of the local bases. The temperate climate and the living conditions lured them back. With the establishment of both the Pacific Missile Range at NAS Point Mugu and the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory at Port Hueneme many found employment that utilized their military training. Other newcomers were those who worked and lived in the San Fernando Valley and were willing to endure the commute for the opportunity to raise their families in a smog-free, semirural environment. Still others relocated here with their employers, like 3M, and Harbor Freight Tools who built facilities in and around the city to take advantage of the large workforce. Technicolor Video Services Inc. was the largest DVD duplicator in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
In 2014, the council voted against an Template:Convert that would have extended development on agricultural lands east towards the Conejo Grade.<ref>Harris, Mike (September 10, 2014) "Camarillo council kills plans for large development" Ventura County Star</ref>
- Camarillo Springs Fire
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Beginning 7:02 am. on Thursday, May 2, 2013, a major brush fire began in the Camarillo Springs area and burned throughout the area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The community of Dos Vientos and CSUCI were evacuated due to the proximity of the fire. About 15 houses were damaged, but none burned down. 28,000 acres of land was burned by the fire. Finally, on Sunday, May 5, 2013, rain in the area during the night helped firefighters bring the fire under full control.Template:Citation needed
GeographyEdit
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert. Template:Convert of the area (0.08%) is water.
Camarillo is located in Pleasant Valley<ref>U.S. Geological Survey "Feature Detail Report for: Pleasant Valley" Geographic Names Information System January 19, 1981.</ref> at the eastern end of the Oxnard Plain, with the Santa Susana Mountains to the north, the Camarillo Hills to the northwest, the Conejo Valley to the east, and the western reaches of the Santa Monica Mountains to the south. Template:Wide image
ClimateEdit
This region experiences warm (sometimes hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above Template:Convert. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Camarillo has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
DemographicsEdit
2010Edit
The 2010 United States Census<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> reported that Camarillo had a population of 65,201. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Camarillo was 48,947 (75.1%) White, 1,216 (1.9%) African American, 397 (0.6%) Native American, 6,633 (10.2%) Asian, 116 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 4,774 (7.3%) from other races, and 3,118 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,958 persons (22.9%).
The Census reported that 64,705 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 155 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 341 (0.5%) were institutionalized.
There were 24,504 households, out of which 8,103 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,565 (55.4%) were traditional married couples living together, 2,386 (9.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,078 (4.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,257 (5.1%) non-traditional couples or partnerships. 5,986 households (24.4%) were made up of individuals, and 3,231 (13.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64. There were 17,029 families (69.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.14.
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The population was spread out, with 15,115 people (23.2%) under the age of 18, 5,164 people (7.9%) aged 18 to 24, 15,895 people (24.4%) aged 25 to 44, 17,825 people (27.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,202 people (17.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
There were 25,702 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 17,059 (69.6%) were owner-occupied, and 7,445 (30.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 45,522 people (69.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19,183 people (29.4%) lived in rental housing units.
2000Edit
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of 2000, there were 57,084 people, 24,376 households, and 15,242 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 24,376 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 70.90% White, 1.90% African American, 0.52% Native American, 9.40% Asian, 0.60% Pacific Islander, 13.20% from other races, and 3.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.10% of the population.
There were 24,376 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $62,457, and the median income for a family was $72,676 (these figures had risen to $78,677 and $92,683 respectively as of a 2007 estimate<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>). Males had a median income of $51,507 versus $36,240 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,635. About 3.6% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or older.
EconomyEdit
Semtech, Salem Communications, and Surfware are based in Camarillo.
Top civilian employersEdit
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the ten largest employers are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pleasant Valley School District | 729 |
| 2 | St. John's Hospital Camarillo | 611 |
| 3 | Meissner Filtration Products | 510 |
| 4 | Hi-Temp Insulation | 463 |
| 5 | Alert Communications | 421 |
| 6 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging | 289 |
| 7 | Lucix Corp | 250 |
| 8 | Hygiena LLC | 204 |
| 9 | Mike's Farm Labor Contractor | 200 |
| 10 | Identity Management Services Org LLC | 189 |
EducationEdit
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The primary public high schools serving Camarillo are Adolfo Camarillo High School in Mission Oaks, Rio Mesa High School in Strickland between Oxnard and Camarillo, and Rancho Campana High School near the intersection of Lewis Road and Las Posas Road. All three high schools are part of the Oxnard Union High School District.
California State University, Channel IslandsEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Camarillo State Mental Hospital was established near the city in the 1930s so that persons suffering from mental illnesses or tuberculosis could recover in Ventura County's balmy climate. Jazzman Charlie Parker's "Relaxin' at Camarillo," written while he was detoxing from heroin addiction, is a tribute to the facility. The song "Camarillo" by punk outfit Fear is also written about the facility. The band Ambrosia released a song called "Ready for Camarillo" on their 1978 Life Beyond L.A. album. "Ready for Camarillo" also appeared as the single B side of their hit "How Much I Feel." The former hospital is the now the site of California State University, Channel Islands. The university has retained the distinctive Mission Revival-style bell tower in the South quad.
The Camarillo State Hospital was closed in the 1990s and remained vacant until the site was converted into California State University, Channel Islands (CSUCI). CSUCI officially opened in August 2002<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and is now accredited by the WASC.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Parks and recreationEdit
The Pleasant Valley Recreation and Park District operates recreational facilities in Camarillo.Template:Citation needed
ParksEdit
- Adolfo Park
- Arneill Ranch Park
- Birchview Park
- Bob Kildee Community Park
- Calleguas Creek
- Camarillo Grove Park
- Carmenita Park
- Charter Oak Park
- Community Center Park <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Dos Caminos Park
- Encanto Park
- Foothill Park
- Freedom Park
- Heritage Park
- Laurelwood Park
- Eldred Lokker Memorial Park
- Mission Oaks Park <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Nancy Bush Park
- Pitts Ranch Park
- Pleasant Valley Fields<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Quito Park
- Springville Park <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Trailside Park
- Valle Lindo Park
- Woodcreek Park
- Woodside Park<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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FacilitiesEdit
- Aquatic Center <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Auditorium
- Classrooms
- Community Center
- Dirt BMX Track
- Equestrian Center
- Freedom Center
- Freedom Gym
- Roller Hockey Rink
- R/C Track
- Senior Center
- Skatepark<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Colend
Camarillo Christmas ParadeEdit
The Pleasant Valley Recreation and Park District has hosted the Camarillo Christmas Parade since 1962. The Christmas Parade usually occurs during the first or second weekend in December. Hundreds of organizations and thousands of people participate in the parade. Community Members come from all over to watch the parade. Notable Grand Marshals have included Jessica Mendoza, Lisa Guerrero, Jack Wilson, Fernando Vargas, and Walter Brennan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GovernmentEdit
At the city's incorporation in 1964, a council-manager form of government was created. The five member city council is elected at large for four-year terms.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The council is responsible for establishing policy, enacting laws and making legal and financial decisions for the city. A city manager, hired by the council and answerable to it, is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the city. That person is charged with overall management of the five city departments. Services such as water, sewer, trash collection, street maintenance and traffic engineering are provided by a combination of contractors and city employees.
Police services are provided by the Ventura County Sheriff's Department under contract to the city, headquartered in a police station owned by the city.<ref name="VCS 2020/06/25">Template:Cite news</ref> The contract providing police services has been in place since the incorporation of Camarillo in 1964. The Sheriff's department helicopter fleet is hangared at Camarillo Airport. Ventura County Fire Department provides fire protection, with five stations within the city limits.Template:R
In 2000, Camarillo was a stronghold for the Republican Party, and had nearly twice as many Republican voters as Democratic voters.<ref>McCormack, Don (1999). McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000. Mccormacks Guides. Page 77. Template:ISBN.</ref> By 2020, voter registration for both parties was close to even.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
- Library
On October 13, 2010, the Camarillo City Council voted 5–0 to withdraw from the Ventura County Library System, and enter into a public-private contract with Library Systems & Services (LSSI) of Germantown, Maryland, a private company that administers several libraries throughout the United States, to provide locally hired staffing and to manage the day-to-day operations of the City of Camarillo Public Library. Under the partnership agreement, the library will remain in the public trust, managed by the City of Camarillo and operated by LSSI.<ref>Storer, Mark. "Camarillo Council Votes to Leave County Library System." vcstar.com. Ventura County Star, Posted October 14, 2010, Wayback Machine Retrieved February 20, 2011</ref><ref>Feng, Bruce. "City of Camarillo Agenda Report: Selection of Library Operator and Approval of Appropriation of Oct. 13, 2010." City of Camarillo. ScribdTemplate:Unreliable source?. Retrieved February 20, 2011</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On January 1, 2011, the City of Camarillo Public Library opened as a municipal public library.<ref>"Camarillo Public Library launched, patrons browse", Ventura County Star, January 3, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2011.</ref>
InfrastructureEdit
TransportationEdit
VCTC Intercity operates buses between Camarillo and several nearby cities, including the Conejo Express to the Warner Center area of Los Angeles.
The City of Camarillo operates a trolley within central Camarillo, which runs from 10:00 to 6:00 Sunday through Thursday and later into the evening on Friday and Saturday nights. CAT operates one scheduled bus line Monday through Friday within Camarillo, and Dial-A-Ride services for the disabled Monday through Saturday.
Camarillo Airport Template:Airport codes is a public airport located Template:Convert west of the central business district of Camarillo. The airport has one runway and serves privately operated general aviation and executive aircraft, with no scheduled commercial service.
Camarillo station is served by both Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner from San Luis Obispo to San Diego and Metrolink's Ventura County Line from Los Angeles Union Station to Montalvo. Ten Pacific Surfliner trains serve the station daily and six Metrolink trains serve the station each weekday and four each weekend day, with the majority of this limited Metrolink service at peak hours in the peak direction of travel (i.e., two morning departures to Los Angeles and two evening arrivals from Los Angeles).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
WaterEdit
The city of Camarillo water system serves about two-thirds of its residents.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It imports about 60 percent of its water from the state water project through the Calleguas Municipal Water District and 40 percent is pumped from three wells.<ref name=wrapup>Template:Cite news</ref> The North Pleasant Valley Desalter Project has been under consideration since 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The brackish well water from the Calleguas Creek watershed will be treated by the $66.3 million project.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The project began construction in September 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city held a ribbon cutting ceremony in November 2021 as the plant began to operate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After extensive testing and adjustments, the plant started producing water for the city in January 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Camrosa Water District serves nearly 30,000 people in Camarillo and the Santa Rosa Valley along with agricultural customers.<ref name=sweet/> The district, which covers Template:Convert is headquartered in Camarillo. Camrosa completed the Round Mountain Water Treatment Plant, a desalting facility, in 2015. It cleans up brackish groundwater and produces Template:Convert of drinking water a year. The facility was the first paying customer for the Calleguas Regional Salinity Management Project.<ref name=sweet>Template:Cite news (subscription may be required for this article)</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
WastewaterEdit
A city facility processes and treats 75% of the wastewater. Camrosa Water District processes the rest.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Notable peopleEdit
- August Ames, adult film actress
- Bryan Anger, NFL punter
- Bill Austin, football player of the 1950s<ref>O'Gorman, George. "Rutgers' Bill Austin to be honored by NJ Sportswriters", The Trentonian, January 24, 2011. Accessed October 1, 2015. "Now 74 years old and living in Camarillo, Calif. Austin is still a football legend in New Jersey, and especially on the banks of the Raritan.... Austin, a Fanwood native who earned high school stardom at Scotch Plains-Fanwood High, earned All-American honors in two sports at Rutgers as a senior."</ref>
- Bob and Mike Bryan, brothers and professional tennis players, 16 major championships, Olympic gold medalists
- Zach Charbonnet, football player for Seattle Seahawks.
- Brandon Cruz, actor and musician
- Kaley Cuoco, actress, star of television's The Big Bang Theory<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jeremy Fischer, high jumper and coach
- Scott Fujita, linebacker for Cleveland Browns<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Nat Gertler, writer, comics creator (About Comics)
- Ashley Johnson, actress
- Bobby Kimball, wide receiver for Green Bay Packers 1979–80
- Charlie Kimball, Indycar driver
- Henry Koster, Academy Award-nominated film director
- John D. Lowry, film restoration specialist<ref name=latimes>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Jessica Mendoza, USA softball player and ESPN baseball broadcaster
- Mad Mike, musician
- Peggy Moran, actress in films from 1938 to 1943
- Cyrus Nowrasteh, screenwriter, producer and director
- Mike Parrott, MLB pitcher for Baltimore Orioles and Seattle Mariners 1977–81
- Duncan Renaldo, Western actor best remembered for playing The Cisco Kid.
- Marla Runyan, Paralympic gold medalist, one of only five athletes to participate in both Paralympics and Olympics
- Robert A. Rushworth, USAF astronaut<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Jimmie Sherfy, Major League Baseball pitcher
- Emil Sitka, actor of many films and television shows, most notably The Three Stooges film shorts
- Jordan Sweeney, musician <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jeff Tackett, Major League Baseball catcher 1991–94
- Jason Wade, guitarist and vocalist of rock band Lifehouse
- Trevor Wallace, comedian, actor, podcaster
- Patrick Warburton, actor, known for TV series Seinfeld
- Delmon Young, Major League Baseball outfielder 2006–15
- JoJo Romero Major League Baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage
Template:Geographic location Template:Camarillo, California Template:Ventura County, California Template:Greater Los Angeles Area Template:California Central Coast