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Chalybeate

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File:Mineral Stains, Rosedale Cliffs - geograph.org.uk - 1455022.jpg
Mineral stains, Rosedale Cliffs – marks caused by chalybeate waters
File:Red-coloured spring below Cascada de los Colores, La Palma.jpg
Chalybeate spring below Cascada de los Colores, La Palma

Chalybeate (Template:IPAc-en)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> waters, also known as ferruginous waters, are mineral spring waters containing salts of iron.

NameEdit

The word chalybeate is derived from the Latin word for steel, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which follows from the Greek word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the singular form of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or Chalybes, who were a people living on Mount Ida in north Asia Minor and who were expert in iron working.

Ferruginous (Template:IPAc-en) comes from the Latin word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 'of a rusty colour', from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 'iron rust', from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 'iron'.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

File:Chalybeate pill ad.jpg
1860 advertisement

Early in the 17th century, chalybeate water was said to have health-giving properties and many people once promoted its qualities. Dudley North, 3rd Baron North, discovered the chalybeate spring at Tunbridge Wells in 1606. His eldest son's physician said the waters contained "vitriol" and the waters of Tunbridge Wells could cure:

the colic, the melancholy, and the vapours; it made the lean fat, the fat lean; it killed flat worms in the belly, loosened the clammy humours of the body, and dried the over-moist brain.

He also apparently said, in verse:

<poem>:These waters youth in age renew

Strength to the weak and sickly add
Give the pale cheek a rosy hue
And cheerful spirits to the sad.

</poem>

In 1689, a spring of ferruginous water rich in gas and tasting pleasantly was discovered by Count Lelio Piovene of Vicenza. Local residents called the water from this spring "Saint Anthony's miraculous water" believing it had therapeutic properties.Template:Citation needed This spring, known today as the Recoaro Spa, is located on the outskirts of Vicenza, in northeastern Italy.

John Radcliffe (1652–1714) discusses the benefits of various mineral waters in the chapter entitled "Of Chalybeat Waters" in his book Dr. Radcliffe's practical dispensatory : containing a complete body of prescriptions, fitted for all diseases, internal and external, digested under proper heads.<ref>Dr. Radcliffe's practical dispensatory : containing a complete body of prescriptions, fitted for all diseases, internal and external, digested under proper heads, Rivington, London 4th Ed. by Edward Strother 1721 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf.</ref>

Anthony Relhan (c. 1715–1776), promoted the drinking of mineral waters and particularly water from the chalybeate spring in St Anne's Well Gardens, Hove and published A Short History of Brighthelmstone; with Remarks on its Air, an Analysis of its Waters, Particularly of an uncommon Mineral one, long discovered, though but lately used in 1761.<ref name="ShortHistory">Template:Cite book</ref> This led to a substantial increase in public interest in drinking mineral water. The town of Enfield, New Hampshire, even changed its name temporarily to Relhan because of the profound public interest in this form of therapy.<ref>The Papers on The History of the Town of Enfield and New Hampshire in the Dartmouth College Library, collected by Nellie Pierce, 1988</ref>Template:Failed verification

Princess Victoria, later Queen Victoria, drank the waters every day during her stay in Tunbridge Wells in 1834. She and her mother, the Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent, would pay a visit to the spring and then stroll along the Pantiles. The water contains a significant level of dissolved mineral salts, with iron and manganese contributing to its characteristic flavour.

The Spire Southampton Private Hospital in Chalybeate Close, Southampton, UK was formerly known as The Chalybeate Hospital until 2007.

Content of the chalybeate waters from Tunbridge WellsEdit

File:The Chalybeate Spring. - geograph.org.uk - 1056906.jpg
The Chalybeate Spring at Tunbridge Wells

An analysis in 1967 showed it to contain (parts per million):

Notable chalybeate springsEdit

Chalybeate springs are found in:

Caledon, Western Cape, South Africa. This spring contains the most iron of any chalybeate globally (Darley-Hartley, 1940) and is also the hottest. The thermal waters emerge from the hillside above the small brewing town of Caledoni at 48.889 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit) and feed into the Bath River.

The site was known to the Khoi people and was developed into a Victorian spa in the 1800s. The resort has been expanded and receives large numbers of visitors.


File:Quarndon 180327 4f2a74fb.jpg
This rather ornate spring well is in the village of Quarndon. A plaque inside the well bears the following inscription: "17th century chalybeate spring well. Once famous spa noted for medicinal waters containing iron. Visited by Daniel Defoe in 1727."

AustriaEdit

AustraliaEdit

BelgiumEdit

GermanyEdit

ItalyEdit

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IrelandEdit

Merton Hall, Co Tipperary

PolandEdit

RomaniaEdit

RussiaEdit

SpainEdit

SwedenEdit

United KingdomEdit

EnglandEdit

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ScotlandEdit

WalesEdit

United StatesEdit

Places named for chalybeate springsEdit

Several places throughout the world have taken their name from similar springs, including:

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

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