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Chiayi (Template:IPAc-en,<ref>Template:Cite Merriam-Webster</ref>), officially known as Chiayi CityTemplate:Efn native lang, is a city located in Chianan Plain in southwestern Taiwan, surrounded by Chiayi County with a population of 263,188 inhabitants as of January 2023.

The Hoanya people inhabited present-day Chiayi under its historical name of Tirosen prior to the arrival of Han Chinese in Taiwan and was ruled by the Dutch and the Kingdom of Tungning under various names. During the Qing dynasty, Tirosen was governed as part of Taiwan Prefecture in Fujian under Zhuluo County and the city was renamed Kagee in 1787. The city was renamed Kagi during the Japanese era but an earthquake in 1906 destroyed much of the town. Kagi was administered as part of Tainan Prefecture from 1920 onwards. Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Republic of China, who deposed the Qing in 1911, took control of the city (renamed Chiayi City) and administered it as a provincial city of Taiwan Province before being integrated into Chiayi County in 1950 as a county-administered city. The city was restored to its status as a provincial city in 1982. In 1998, Taiwan Province was streamlined and Chiayi City has been governed directly since then by the Executive Yuan.

The city is known for Alishan National Scenic Area and warm humid subtropical climate in the summer months. Left with the landmarks of Japanese colonial rule, Chiayi City has the round-island railway system and Alishan Forest Railway where the city is the starting point along with various Japanese temples.

NameEdit

Like the county, Chiayi City's former Chinese placename was Tsu-lo-san<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (Template:Zh), a representation of the original Formosan-language name Tirosen. A shortened version, Tsulo, was then used to name Tsulo County, which originally covered the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of the island. In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City. Following the 1723 Zhu Yigui rebellion, the county was reduced in size. In 1787, the county and city were renamed Chiayi (Template:Linktext; Template:Zh) by the Qianlong Emperor to acknowledge the citizens' loyalty during the Lin Shuangwen rebellion.<ref name = "taipeitimes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

Early historyEdit

First inhabited by the Hoanya aborigines, the region was named Tirosen (variants Tirocen, Tiracen). With the arrival of Han Chinese immigrants in southwestern Taiwan, the name evolved to become Tsulosan (Template:Zh) in Hokkien. Eventually, Tsulosan was shortened to simply Tsulo. Because of the choice of the characters, it has been mistakenly suggested that the origin of the name came from the expression "mountains surrounding the east". "Peach City" is another name for Chiayi City due to its peach-shaped territory in ancient times. The tip of the peach is around Central Fountain and was called "Peach-tip" by citizens.

Tsulosan was once the foothold to which people from the mainland immigrated. In 1621, Template:Interlanguage link multi, who came from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, first led his people to cultivate this land after they landed at Ponkan (modern-day Beigang).

Dutch FormosaEdit

Records from the Dutch era, beginning in 1624, show Tirosen as the usual form of the name; it also occurred as Tirassen, Tirozen, Tilocen, Tilossen, Tilocen, and Thilocen.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The place was north of Mattau (modern-day Madou, Tainan) and south of Favorlang (Huwei, Yunlin).

Kingdom of TungningEdit

In 1661 (the 15th year of Yung-Li, Ming dynasty), Koxinga defeated the Dutch based in Taiwan and founded the Kingdom of Tungning. He established one province, Template:Interlanguage link multi, and two counties, Template:Interlanguage link multi and Template:Interlanguage link multi, demarcated by the Hsin-Kang River (Template:Zh, now the Yanshui River). Chiayi was under the jurisdiction of the Tien-Hsing County.

Qing dynastyEdit

In 1683, when Qing rule began, the island was governed as Taiwan Prefecture under the administration of Fujian Province. In 1684, Tsulo County was established and initially encompassed the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of Taiwan. (Taiwan and Hongsoa counties were divided from Wan-Nien County during the Kingdom of Tungning, which was changed from Tien-Hsing County.) In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City, and had wooden city walls.

In 1727, the county magistrate, Liu Liang-Bi rebuilt the gatehouses and set a gun platform for each gatehouse. The four gatehouses were named: "Chin Shan" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) for East, "Tai Hai" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) for West, "Chung Yang" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) for South, and "Kung Chen" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) for North. In 1734 (the 12th year of Yongzheng), magistrate Lu-Hung built piercing-bamboo to better protect the city.

In 1786, the Lin Shuangwen rebellion was an attempt to siege Tsulosan but failed to overcome the defense of the inhabitants. Consequently, on November 3 of the next year, the Qing Emperor conferred the name Kagee (Template:Linktext; Template:Zh) to praise the citizens' loyalty.

In the mid-1800s, a custom of annual riotous mass stoning developed in the city.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Better source needed

In 1887, a separate Taiwan Province was declared and the island was administratively divided into four prefectures; the city of Kagee belonged to Tainan Prefecture.

Japanese ruleEdit

File:Er nd 2003 Chiayi.jpg
Chiayi City under Japanese rule

In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The 1906 Meishan earthquake devastated the entire city wall except the Eastern Gate. The Japanese authorities reconstructed the city. Industries and trades started to flourish. According to the census taken in 1904, Kagi was the fourth most populous city in Taiwan, with a population of over twenty thousand.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Great Kagi earthquake (later also known as the 1906 Meishan earthquake) struck the city in mid March 1906.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Template:Quotation

In 1907, the construction of Alishan Forest Railway to Mount Ali was begun. In 1920, the city became an autonomous group as Template:Nihongo, Kagi District, within Tainan Prefecture, which included modern-day Tainan City, Chiayi County and Yunlin County. In 1930, the town was upgraded to an autonomous city under the same prefecture.

Republic of ChinaEdit

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, Chiayi City was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province. The city consisted of 8 districts, which were Bajiang, Beimen, Beizhen, Nanmen, Tungmen, Tungshan, Ximen and Zhuwei Districts. In 1946, the districts was reorganized to 6 districts in which Bajiang and Nanmen were merged to become Xinnan, Beimen and Beizhen were merged to become Xinbei, Tungmen and Tungshan were merged to become Xindong, Ximen and Zhuwei were merged to become Xinxi District and there were 2 addition of districts from Tainan County which were Shuishang and Taibao Districts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Chiayi saw some of the most violent events during the 228 Incident. In early March, local militas surrounded the Shueishang Airport and fought against the KMT military.<ref>二二八民變-台灣與蔣介石,143-146;1947台灣二二八革命,166-185;責任歸屬研究報告,61-63</ref> There were over 300 casualties.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 12 March 1947, negotiators for peace, including Tan Teng-pho and Template:Interlanguage link, were arrested after arriving at the airport and were executed on 25 March. The Kuomintang also executed many civilians in Chiayi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 16 August 1950, because of the re-allocation of administrative areas in which Taiwan was divided into 16 counties, five provincial cities and a special bureau, Chiayi City was downgraded to a county-administered city and merged with Chiayi County to be the county seat. As a result, a shortage of capital hindered its development.

On 1 July 1982, Chiayi City was elevated again to a provincial city as a result of pressure from local elites.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 6 October 1990, the East District and West District were established.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-6550512-kagi-2117-ii.jpg
Map of Chiayi (labeled as KAGI) and surrounding area (1944)

Chiayi City is located on the north side of Chianan Plain, south west of Taiwan Island. On the east side is the Mount Ali, on the west side is the Chiayi Airport, on the north side is the Puzi River and on the south side is the Bazhang River. The distance from east to west of Chiayi City is Template:Convert and from north to south is Template:Convert with a total area of Template:Convert. Chiayi City is completely surrounded by Chiayi County. Most of Chiayi City land is broad flat fertile plains. The terrain slowly rises from west to east. Chiayi is also one of the closest Taiwanese cities to the Tropic of Cancer, with the latitudinal line lying just south of the city.

ClimateEdit

Chiayi City has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) that closely borders a true tropical climate. Northeasterly winds during fall and winter mean that rainfall is depressed during that time, while southwesterly winds during summer and the later portion of spring bring most of the year's rainfall, with more than 60% falling from June to August. Humidity is high year-round, even during winter.

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GovernmentEdit

File:Huang Min-hui chopped.png
Huang Min-hui, the incumbent Mayor of Chiayi City.

Chiayi City is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. The city is governed by the Chiayi City Government, while the residence is represented in the Chiayi City Council. The current Mayor of Chiayi City is Huang Min-hui of the Kuomintang.

Administrative divisionsEdit

Chiayi City is divided into two districts. East District is the city seat which houses the Chiayi City Government.

Map Name Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Population (2016) Area (km2)
File:Districts of Chiayi-Taiwan.png East Template:Large Tang Tûng 122,877 29.1195
West Template:Large Se 147,396 30.9061

PoliticsEdit

Chiayi City voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2020 Taiwanese legislative election. It has historically been a very pan-Green city. During the martial law era, most people of Chiayi supported tangwai politicians. However, the voting gap between the DPP and the KMT has narrowed in recent years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 2022 Taiwanese local elections, Chiayi City re-elected Huang Min-hui of Kuomintang to be the mayor.

DemographicsEdit

Template:No contentTemplate:Historical populations

EducationEdit

EnergyEdit

Green energyEdit

On 17 December 2015, Chiayi City Government launched a program to set up solar panels at schools and offices in the city to reduce green house gases. The program is expected to produce 3.55 million kWh of electricity annually and to help reducing carbon emission by 1,700 tonnes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tourist attractionsEdit

File:228 Memorial Park, Spotted Deer, Chiayi City (Taiwan).jpg
The spotted deer sculpture in the 228 National Memorial Park.

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  • Chiayi International Band Festival

Chiayi is the city of wind music in Taiwan. The wind music festival started as a local event in 1988, when it was more like a joint performance by local wind music bands. Over the years the festival has become the most anticipated annual event in Chiayi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SportsEdit

Major sporting events held by Chiayi include:

Notable residents/nativesEdit

  • Tan Ting-pho (1895–1947), Taiwan famous painter.
  • Sow-Hsin Chen (1935–2021), American physicist, Professor.
  • Vincent Siew (1939), Taiwanese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (2008–2012), Vice-Chairman of the Kuomintang.
  • Huang Min-hui (1959), former mayor of Chiayi City, vice chairperson of Kuomintang, a member of the Legislative Yuan (1999 and 2005).
  • Lo Chen-Jung (1961), Taiwanese left-handed baseball pitcher.
  • Wu Bai (1968), Taiwanese rock singer.

International relationsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Twin towns — sister citiesEdit

Chiayi is twinned with: Template:Div col

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TransportationEdit

RailEdit

Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Station and Jiabei Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration. Chiayi Station is the starting point for the Alishan Forest Railway. The city is also accessible from THSR Chiayi Station in Chiayi County.

BusEdit

Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit connects Chiayi City to Chiayi HSR station in the neighboring Taibao City. Chiayi City Bus serves the urban areas of Chiayi City.

AirEdit

Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Airport in the neighboring Shuishang Township.

In popular cultureEdit

Chiayi City and its street foods, including the famous Chiayi turkey rice, were featured on the Netflix TV series, Street Food, in season 1.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Cities in Taiwan Template:ChiayiDistricts Template:Coord Template:Authority control