China Motor Bus
Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Template:More citations needed {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} The China Motor Bus Company, Limited (Template:Zh), often abbreviated as CMB, is a property developer based in Hong Kong.<ref>China Motor Bus information on Reuters, 2018-05-20</ref> Before its bus franchise lapsed in 1998, it was the first motor bus operator in Hong Kong, and was responsible for the introduction of the iconic double-decker buses to Hong Kong Island.<ref>Citing Poor Service, Hong Kong Cancels China Motor Contract, Wall Street Journal 1998-02-18 Retrieved 2018-05-20</ref> Currently CMB does not run any transport services and has since shifted into property development as an alternative means of profit.
HistoryEdit
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Ngan Shing-kwan and Wong Yiu Nam formed the China Motor Bus Company, Limited, in 1923 to provide transport services in the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong. Prior to this, Ngan had operated a rickshaw business also within the Kowloon Peninsula. In 1933, the company received an exclusive bus franchise agreement from the Government of Hong Kong to operate routes on Hong Kong Island.<ref name=rickshaw>Eli Lau and Vanessa Gould, He started pulling rickshaws, created a bus company and died frugal but rich Template:Webarchive, The Standard, 19 April 2001</ref>
After World War II, the network of CMB's routes expanded alongside exploding population on the island. New buses were purchased to increase ridership. In the mid-1970s, a livery of a buff upper body and a blue lower body was adopted. CMB adopted a policy of improving its service during the 1970s, by introducing a new type of rear-engined bus (Daimler Fleetline) and reforming the route number system. In 1976 CMB earned over $20 million HKD, the highest profit in the company's history.
With the opening of the MTR Island line in 1985, and CMB's growing reputation of poor services, CMB ridership began to decline. On 29–30 November 1989, CMB employees organised a strike, after negotiations on pension funds broke down. During the strike, all CMB services on Hong Kong island were halted. This forced the government to use police vehicles to replace services for commuters travelling to and from the Southern District of Hong Kong. After this incident, the relationship between CMB and the government worsened, leading to the government to adopt more directive policies in respect of CMB.
Meanwhile, competitors such as Citybus Limited had successfully lured passengers from CMB's franchised routes to their own residential routes. Their services provided more comfortable seats, an air-conditioned fleet, and a more direct route (via the Aberdeen Tunnel) from Chi Fu Fa Yuen to Admiralty. Citybus were able to compete against CMB by only the fares on routes which paralleled the more uncomfortable and indirect CMB counterparts.
In 1993, the government redistributed 26 of CMB's routes to Citybus, citing poor service levels. In 1995, a further 14 were transferred.<ref>"Hong Kong Buses Part 1: China Motor Bus Co" Fleetline issue 247 page 52</ref><ref>History Template:Webarchive Citybus</ref>
In February 1998, the government announced the franchise for all 140 routes operated by CMB would not be renewed when it expired on 31 August 1998. Eighty-eight of the routes were placed to open tender, 12 routes were transferred directly to Citybus, one cross-harbour route to Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited (KMB), and the remaining routes were cancelled.<ref>Daily Information Bulletin Hong Kong Government Information Services 17 February 1998</ref><ref>Panel on Transport (Minutes) Provisional Legislative Council 21 February 1998</ref><ref>UK bus operator wins £55m franchise The Independent 1 April 1998</ref><ref name=LegCouncil31Jul98>Panel on Transport (Papers) Legislative Council Panel on Transport 31 July 1998</ref>
A joint venture named New World First Holdings (NWFH), later New World First Bus Company, (NWFB), was formed by the Hong Kong-based NWS Holdings and UK based FirstGroup plc. Despite being a dark horse candidate, and never having operated transport routes before, NWFH won the tender for the CMB routes and commenced operations with around 50 new buses and 710 former CMB buses.<ref name=LegCouncil31Jul98/> In 2020, NWFB was acquired by Bravo Transport, the current owner of CityBus. In 2023, Citybus and NWFB were merged with the NWFB brand being retired.
Current statusEdit
Since losing its franchising rights, CMB's main business focus has shifted to real estate, by redeveloping its former bus depot properties.<ref name=rickshaw/><ref name=AnnualReport14>Annual Report Year Ended 30 June 2014 China Motor Bus Co</ref> There was a free shuttle bus service operated by the company between Island Place (one of the CMB's real estate developments) near the North Point MTR station and North Point Government Offices with a Volvo B6LE, acquired from Citybus, along with eight Marshall C37 bodied Dennis Darts. However, this service ceased on 30 June 2015 as the new environmental protection ordinance began to phase out pre Euro IV diesel commercial vehicles.<ref>Bus lovers scramble to take pics of final CMB service Hong Kong Free Press 30 June 2015</ref><ref>"End of the road for China Motor Bus" Buses issue 726 September 2015 page 16</ref>
China Motor Bus has also purchased some properties in London.<ref name=AnnualReport14/>
FleetEdit
Besides the eight Dennis Dart Coach Express retained to operate the free shuttle service, most of the fleet was transferred to New World First Bus in 1998 after the end of CMB's franchise. Two Volvo Olympian air-conditioned buses were retained, being sold to Citybus in 2001<ref>9041-9042 Citybus</ref> with a Volvo B6LE acquired in return.
Some of the buses transferred to New World First Bus were later sold to City Sightseeing in Australia and The Original Tour in London.<ref>City Explorer Australian Bus Fleet Lists</ref>
HistoricEdit
Partial list of historic bus types operated by CMB:
- Leyland Olympian
- Leyland Atlantean
- Leyland Victory Mark 2 Series 2
- Dennis Condor
- Daimler/Leyland Fleetline - either new or ex London Transport DM/DMS-class
- MCW Metrobus
- Guy Arab IV and V
- Leyland Titan PD3/4 and PD3/5
DepotsEdit
- Chai Wan Depot: 391 Chai Wan Road/Sheung On Street (a 5-storey concrete parking facility, former head office of CMB and major depot since the 1990s)
- Wong Chuk Hang Depot: Ocean Park Road (owned by the Government of Hong Kong) now used by NWFB
- (Former) North Point Depot: site redeveloped by CMB as the residential complex Template:Ill (construction started in March 1994, completed in May 1997)
- Kennedy Town Depot: a minor depot later used by NWFB, now closed
