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Chouchi

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Chouchi
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The kingdom of Chouchi in the western China

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and largest city
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| belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:| Template:Navbar }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox country with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | regexp1 = border_[ps][%d]+ | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | regexp2 = date_event[%d]+ | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | regexp3 = deputy[%d]+ | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | regexp4 = established_date[%d]+ | regexp5 = established_event[%d]+ | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | regexp6 = event[%d]+ | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | regexp7 = flag_[ps][%d]+ | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | regexp8 = footnote_[a-h] | regexp9 = footnote[%d]+ | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | regexp10 = image_[ps][%d]+ | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | regexp11 = leader_name[%d]+ | regexp12 = leader_title[%d]+ | regexp13 = leader[%d]+ | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | regexp14 = [ps][%d]+ | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | regexp15 = ref_area[%d]+ | regexp16 = ref_pop[%d]+ | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | regexp17 = representative[%d]+ | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | regexp18 = stat_area[%d]+ | regexp19 = stat_pop[%d]+ | regexp20 = stat_year[%d]+ | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | regexp21 = year_deputy[%d]+ | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | regexp22 = year_leader[%d]+ | regexp23 = year_representative[%d]+ | year_start}}Template:Main other{{#if:|{{#ifeq:Kingdom|Colony|Template:Main other|{{#ifeq:Kingdom|Exile|Template:Main other}}}} }}

Chouchi (Template:Lang-zh), or Qiuchi (Template:Lang-zh), was a polity in China ruled by the Yang clan of Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province. Its existence spanned both the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern and Southern dynasties periods, but it is not listed among one of these regimes in historiography.<ref>《宋書》列傳第五十八</ref><ref>Scroll of 水經注, Circle of 卷三, part 河水</ref><ref name="ref01">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>李祖桓. 《仇池国志》, 书目文献出版社 : 新华书店北京发行所发行, 1986</ref>

HistoryEdit

At the beginning of the 3rd century CE, Yang Teng ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), chieftain of the White Neck Di ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River. His followers Yang Ju ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and Yang Qianwan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of prince (Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥">抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥</ref><ref>漾水, particularly page 7</ref><ref name=ref01/> Yang Feilong ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang, where his successor Yang Maosou reigned as an independent king at the beginning of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but the troops of Eastern Jin and Han-Zhao deprived the Chouchi empire of some of its people. In 322, Yang Nandi suffered a defeat at the hands of Han-Zhao and was degraded to prince of Wudu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and duke of Chouchi ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). The following years were characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several usurpations of the throne. The rulers were not seen as mere regional inspectors (Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) or governors (Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) of their region under the government of Jin.<ref name=ref01/>

In 371 Fu Jian, ruler of Former Qin, attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and ended the period of Former Chouchi.<ref name=ref01/>

Yang Ding, a great-great-grandson of Yang Maosou, and a son-in-law of Fu Jian, resurrected the Chouchi kingdom in 385, with the capital at Licheng ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). His younger brother Yang Sheng ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was able to conquer the region of Liangzhou ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) at the upper course of the Han River, and declared himself governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a large part of the modern provinces of Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south).<ref name=ref01/>

After 443, the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern and Southern dynasties. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}): Former and Later Chouchi (Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), and Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥"/><ref>Era of 魏晉南北朝, Title 三國志, Part 吳書十, section 董襲傳</ref><ref name=ref01/> Former Chouchi lasted between 296 and 371 while Later Chouchi lasted between 385 and 443. In 443, the Northern Wei conquered Chouchi, but was restored by Yang Wende that same year, beginning the Wudu period, although it could also be seen as a continuation of Later Chouchi. After the death of Yang Wendu in 477, the realm split into Yinping and Wuxing, the former lasting until around the mid-6th century and the latter lasting until 553.

RulersEdit

Chieftains, dukes and kings of Chouchi, Wudu, Wuxing and Yinping (296–mid 6th century)<ref name=ref01/>
Posthumous Names Common names in Chinese characters Durations of reigns or in office Era names
Former Chouchi (296–371)
[[Yang Maosou|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 296–317
[[Yang Nandi|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 317–334
[[Yang Yi (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 334–337
[[Yang Chu (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 337–355
[[Yang Guo (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 355–356
[[Yang Jun (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 356–360
[[Yang Shi (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 360–370
[[Yang Cuan|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 370–371
Later Chouchi (385–477)
Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) [[Yang Ding (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 385–394
Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) [[Yang Sheng (Chouchi)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 394–425
Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) [[Yang Xuan|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 425–429
[[Yang Baozong|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 429 and 443
[[Yang Nandang|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 429–441 Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 436–440
[[Yang Baochi|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 442–443
Kings of Wudu (443–477)
[[Yang Wende|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 443–454
[[Yang Yuanhe|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 455–466
[[Yang Sengsi|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 466–473
[[Yang Wendu|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 473–477
Kings of Wuxing (477–506 and 534–555)
[[Yang Wenhong|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 477–482
[[Yang Houqi|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 482–486
Template:Transliteration ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) [[Yang Jishi|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 482–503
[[Yang Shaoxian|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 503–506, 534–535
[[Yang Zhihui|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 535–545
[[Yang Bixie|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 545–553
Note: Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person
Kings of Yinping (477–mid 6th century)
[[Yang Guangxiang|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 477–483?
[[Yang Jiong (King of Yinping)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 483–495
[[Yang Chongzu|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 495–before 502
[[Yang Mengsun|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) before 502–511
[[Yang Ding (King of Yinping)|Template:Transliteration]] ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 511–?
Yáng Tàichì ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) Template:Circa
Yáng Fǎshēn ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) 520s–Template:Circa

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

See alsoEdit

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