Christo and Jeanne-Claude
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Christo Vladimirov Javacheff (1935–2020) and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (1935–2009), known as Christo and Jeanne-Claude, were artists noted for their large-scale, site-specific environmental installations, often large landmarks and landscape elements wrapped in fabric, including the Wrapped Reichstag, The Pont Neuf Wrapped, Running Fence in California, and The Gates in New York City's Central Park.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Born in Bulgaria and Morocco, respectively, the pair met and married in Paris in the late 1950s. Originally working under Christo's name, they later credited their installations to both "Christo and Jeanne-Claude". Until his own death in 2020, Christo continued to plan and execute projects after Jeanne-Claude's death in 2009.
Their work was typically large, visually impressive, and controversial, often taking years and sometimes decades of careful preparation – including technical solutions, political negotiation, permitting and environmental approval, hearings and public persuasion. The pair refused grants, scholarships, donations or public money, instead financing the work via the sale of their own artwork. Christo stated in 2018, “I studied Karl Marx in school and, though I may be anti-corporation, I am not anti-capitalist – in fact, we work closely with banks; Citibank, Credit Suisse, so many others.”<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Christo and Jeanne-Claude described the myriad elements that brought the projects to fruition as integral to the artwork itself, and said their projects contained no deeper meaning than their immediate aesthetic impact; their purpose being simply for joy, beauty, and new ways of seeing the familiar.
CareerEdit
Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958 when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Précilda de Guillebon.Template:Sfn Their first show, in Cologne, 1961, showcased the three types of artworks for which they would be known: wrapped items, oil barrels, and ephemeral, large-scale works.Template:Sfn Near Christo's first solo show in Paris, in 1962, the pair blocked an alley with 240 barrels for several hours in a piece called Iron Curtain, a poetic reply to the Berlin Wall.Template:Sfn
They developed consistent, longtime terms of their collaboration. They together imagined projects, for which Christo would create sketches and preparatory works that were later sold to fund the resulting installation. Christo and Jeanne-Claude hired assistants to do the work of wrapping the object at hand. They originally worked under the name "Christo" to simplify dealings and their brand,Template:R given the difficulties of establishing an artist's reputation and the prejudices against female artists,<ref>Lewis, Richard, and Susan Lewis. "Cengage Advantage Books: The Power of Art." Google Books. Cengage Learning, January 23, 2008. Web. March 4, 2015.</ref> but they would later retroactively credit their large-scale outdoor works to both "Christo and Jeanne-Claude".Template:R They eventually flew in separate planes such that, in case one crashed, the other could continue their work.<ref name=WSJ>Template:Cite news</ref>
The couple relocated to New York City, the new art world capital, in 1964. Christo began to make Store Fronts, wooden facades made to resemble shop windows, which he continued for four years. His largest piece was shown in the 1968 Documenta 4. In the mid-1960s, they also created Air Packages,Template:Sfn inflated and wrapped research balloons.Template:Sfn In 1969, at the invitation of the museum director Jan van der Marck they wrapped the Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art while it remained open.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was panned by the public and ordered to be undone by the fire department, but the order went unenforced.Template:Sfn With the help of Australian collector John Kaldor, Christo and Jeanne-Claude and 100 volunteers wrapped the coast of Sydney's Little Bay as Wrapped Coast, the first piece for Kaldor Public Art Projects.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
1970sEdit
Within a year of Wrapped Coast, Christo began work on Valley Curtain:Template:Sfn an orange curtain of fabric to be hung across the mountainous Colorado State Highway 325.Template:Sfn They simultaneously worked on Wrapped Walk Ways (Tokyo and Holland) and Wrapped Island (South Pacific), neither of which came to fruition.Template:Sfn The artists formed a corporation to benefit from tax and other liabilities, a form they used for later projects.Template:Sfn Following a failed attempt to mount the curtain in late 1971, a new engineer and builder-contractor raised the fabric in August 1972. The work only stood for 28 hours before the wind again destroyed the fabric. This work, their most expensive to date and first to involve construction workers, was captured in a documentary by David and Albert Maysles.Template:Sfn Christo's Valley Curtain was nominated for Best Documentary Short in the 1974 Academy Awards.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Maysles would film many of the artists' later projects.Template:Sfn
Inspired by a snow fence, in 1972, Christo and Jeanne-Claude began preparations for Running Fence: a 24.5-mile fence of white nylon, supported by steel posts and steel cables, running through the California landscape and into the ocean. In exchange for temporary use of ranch land, the artists agreed to offer payment and use of the deconstructed building materials. Others challenged its construction in 18 public hearings and three state court sessions. The fence began construction in April 1976 and the project culminated in a two-week display in September, after which it was deconstructed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Their 1978 Wrapped Walk Ways covered paths within Kansas City, Missouri's Loose Park in 12,540 square meters (135,000 square feet) of saffron-colored nylon fabric covering 4.4 kilometers (2.7 miles) of the park's formal garden walkways and jogging paths.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
1980sEdit
Christo and Jeanne-Claude planned a project based on Jeanne-Claude's idea to surround eleven islands in Miami's Biscayne Bay with Template:Cvt of pink polypropylene floating fabric.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Surrounded Islands was completed on May 7, 1983, with the aid of 430 workers and could be admired for two weeks. The workers were outfitted with pink long sleeve shirts with pale blue text written on the back reading “Christo Surrounded Islands”, and then in acknowledging the garment's designer, "designed and produced by Willi Smith".<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref>
Jeanne-Claude became an American citizen in March 1984.Template:Sfn The couple received permission to wrap the Pont Neuf, a bridge in Paris, in August 1985. The bridge stayed wrapped for two weeks (22 Sep - 5 Oct 1985). The Pont Neuf Wrapped attracted three million visitors.Template:Sfn Wrapping the Pont Neuf continued the tradition of transforming a sculptural dimension into a work of art. The fabric maintained the principal shapes of the Pont Neuf but it emphasized the details and the proportions. As with Surrounded Islands, workers who assisted with the installation and deinstallation of Pont Neuf Wrapped wore uniforms designed by Willi Smith.<ref name=":1" />
1990sEdit
Their 1991 The Umbrellas involved the simultaneous setup of blue and gold umbrellas in Japan and California, respectively. The 3,100-umbrella project cost US$26 million and attracted three million visitors.Template:Sfn Christo closed the exhibition early after a woman was killed by a windblown umbrella in California.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Separately, a worker was killed during the deconstruction of the Japanese exhibit.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped the Berlin Reichstag building in 1995 following 24 years of governmental lobbying across six Bundestag presidents. Wrapped ReichstagTemplate:'s 100,000 square meters of silver fabric draped the building, fastened with blue rope.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Christo described the Reichstag wrapping as autobiographical based on his Bulgarian upbringing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The wrapping became symbolic of unified Germany and marked Berlin's return as a world city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Guardian posthumously described the work as their "most spectacular achievement".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1998, the artists wrapped trees at the Beyeler Foundation and its nearby Berower Park. Prior attempts had failed to secure government support in St. Louis, Missouri, and Paris. The work was self-funded through sale of photographic documentation and preparatory works, as had become standard for the couple.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The GatesEdit
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Work began on the installation of the couple's most protracted project, The Gates, in New York City's Central Park in January 2005. Its full title, The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979–2005, refers to the time elapsed between the year of the artists' initial proposal and the year they were allowed to proceed, having received permission from the newly elected mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The Gates was open to the public from February 12–27, 2005. A total of 7,503 gates made of saffron-colored fabric were placed on paths in Central Park. They were Template:Convert high and had a combined length of Template:Cvt. The mayor presented them with the Doris C. Freedman Award for public art.<ref name="ARTINFO">Template:Cite journal</ref> The project cost an estimated US$21 million, which the artists planned to recoup by selling project documentation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Big Air PackageEdit
Christo filled the Gasometer Oberhausen from March 16 until December 30, 2013, with the installation Big Air Package. After The Wall (1999) as the final installation of the Emscher Park International Building Exhibition, Big Air Package was his second work of art in the Gasometer. The "Big Air Package – Project for Gasometer Oberhausen, Germany" was conceived by Christo in 2010 (for the first time without his wife Jeanne-Claude). The sculpture was set up in the interior of the industrial monument and was made of Template:Cvt of translucent fabric and Template:Cvt of rope. In the inflated state, the envelope, with a weight of Template:Convert, reached a height of more than Template:Cvt, a diameter of Template:Cvt and a volume of Template:Cvt. The monumental work of art was, temporarily, the largest self-supporting sculpture in the world. In the accessible interior of Big Air Package, the artist generated a unique experience of space, proportions, and light.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
X-TO+J-C: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Featuring Works from the Bequest of David C. CopleyEdit
In 2014, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego presented the exhibit X-TO + J-C: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Featuring Works from the Bequest of David C. Copley, one of the museum's patrons and trustees who also had the largest collection of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's work in the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> X-TO + J-C featured more than fifty works by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, including pieces such as Christo's evocative Package (1960), alongside drawings related to his early concealed objects: chairs, road signs, and other commonplace items.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Christo himself gave a lecture in which he discussed two works that were in progress: Over the River, Project for the Arkansas River, Colorado, and The Mastaba, Project for the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Floating PiersEdit
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The Floating Piers were a series of walkways installed at Lake Iseo near Brescia, Italy. From June 18 to July 3, 2016, visitors were able to walk just above the surface of the water from the village of Sulzano on the mainland to the islands of Monte Isola and San Paolo. The floating walkways were made of around 200,000 polyethene cubes covered with Template:Cvt of bright yellow fabric: Template:Cvt of piers moved on the water; another Template:Cvt of golden fabric continued along the pedestrian streets in Sulzano and Peschiera Maraglio. After the exhibition, all components were to be removed and recycled.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The installation was facilitated by the Beretta family, owners of the oldest active manufacturer of firearm components in the world and the primary sidearm supplier of the U.S. Army.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Beretta family owns the island of San Paolo, which was surrounded by Floating Piers walkways.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The work was a success with the Italian public and critics as well.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The London MastabaEdit
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The London Mastaba was a temporary floating installation exhibited from June to September 2018 on The Serpentine in London. The installation consisted of 7,506 oil barrels, in the shape of a mastaba, a form of an early bench, as well as a style of tomb, in use in ancient Mesopotamia, with a flat roof and inward sloping sides. It sat on a floating platform of high-density polyethene, held in place by 32 anchors. It was Template:Cvt in height and weighed Template:Convert. The vertical ends were painted in a mosaic of red, blue and mauve, whilst the sloping sides were in red with bands of white.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Simultaneously with the display of The London Mastaba, the nearby Serpentine Gallery presented an exhibition of the artists' work, entitled Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Barrels and The Mastaba 1958–2018. The exhibition comprised sculptures, drawings, collages, scale-models and photographs from the last 60 years of the artists' work.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Another Mastaba of over 400,000 oil barrels is intended to be built at Al Gharbia, Template:Cvt from the city Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Over the RiverEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Christo and Jeanne-Claude announced plans for a future project, titled Over The River, to be constructed on the Arkansas River between Salida, Colorado, and Cañon City, Colorado, on the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. Plans for the project call for horizontally suspending Template:Cvt of reflective, translucent fabric panels high above the water, on steel cables anchored into the river's banks. Project plans called for its installation for two weeks during the summer of 2015, at the earliest, and for the river to remain open to recreation during the installation. Reaction among area residents was intense, with supporters hoping for a tourist boom and opponents fearing that the project would ruin the visual appeal of the landscape and inflict damage on the river ecosystem. One local rafting guide compared the project to "hanging pornography in a church." The U.S. Bureau of Land Management released a Record of Decision approving the project on November 7, 2011.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Work on the project cannot begin, however, until the Bureau of Land Management issues a Notice to Proceed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A lawsuit against Colorado Parks and Wildlife was filed on July 22, 2011, by Rags Over the Arkansas River (ROAR), a local group opposed to the project.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The lawsuit is still awaiting a court date.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Christo and Jeanne-Claude's inspiration for Over the River came in 1985 as they were wrapping the Pont-Neuf and a fabric panel was being elevated over the Seine. The artists began a three-year search for appropriate locations in 1992, considering some eighty-nine river locations. They chose the Arkansas River because its banks were high enough that recreational rafters could enjoy the river at the same time.<ref name="natgeo112006">Template:Cite news</ref>
Christo and Jeanne-Claude spent more than $6 million on environmental studies, design engineering, and wind tunnel testing of fabrics. As with past projects, Over The River would be financed entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, through the sale of Christo's preparatory drawings, collages, scale models, and early works of the 1950s/1960s. On July 16, 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management released its four-volume Draft Environmental Impact Statement, which reported many potentially serious types of adverse impact but also many proposed "mitigation" options.<ref name="NYTimes100717">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2017, after the election of President Trump, Christo canceled the controversial project citing protest of the new administration as well as tiring from the hard-fought legal battle waged by local residents.<ref>Randy Kennedy, Christo, Trump and the Art World's Biggest Protest Yet Template:Webarchive The New York Times 2017/01/25</ref><ref>Corey H. Jones, Artist Christo Calls Off Colorado Project After Long Legal Battle Template:Webarchive Colorado Public Radio January 25, 2017</ref>
L'Arc de Triomphe, WrappedEdit
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Continuing their series of monumental "wrapping" projects, the Arc de Triomphe in Paris was wrapped in 30,000 square meters of recyclable polypropylene fabric in silvery blue, and 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) of red rope. Originally scheduled for autumn of 2020,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it was postponed a year to Saturday, September 18 to Sunday, October 3, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France and its impact on the arts and cultural sector worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following Christo's death, his office stated that the project would nevertheless be completed.<ref>Artist Christo, famed for wrapping landmarks in cloth, dies at 84, France24, May 31, 2020, online: france24.com/... Template:Webarchive</ref>
Several articles in the press cut the name of Jeanne-Claude on their coverage of the event leading to a debate about the suppression of the place of women in art history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReceptionEdit
Christo and Jeanne-Claude's work is held by many major public collections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The artists received the 1995 Praemium Imperiale,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the 2006 Vilcek Prize,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the 2004 International Sculpture Center's Lifetime Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Art critic David Bourdon described Christo's wrappings as a "revelation through concealment".<ref>Bourdon, David: "Christo", Harry N. Abrams Publishers, Inc., New York City, 1970.</ref> Unto his critics Christo replied, "I am an artist, and I have to have courage ... Do you know that I don't have any artworks that exist? They all go away when they're finished. Only the preparatory drawings, and collages are left, giving my works an almost legendary character. I think it takes much greater courage to create things to be gone than to create things that will remain."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Jeanne-Claude was a firm believer in the aesthetic beauty of works of art; she said, "'We want to create works of art of joy and beauty, which we will build because we believe it will be beautiful.'"<ref name="The New York Times 2009">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2022, the Pérez Art Museum Miami presented Christo Drawings: A Gift from the Maria Bechily and Scott Hodes Collection, comprising drawings and project sketches produced by Christo and his life partner and artistic collaborator Jeane-Claude between the 1960s and the 2000s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
BiographiesEdit
Jeanne-Claude and Christo were born on the same day in 1935; Jeanne-Claude in Morocco and Christo in Bulgaria. Christo outlived Jeanne-Claude by ten-and-a-half years.
ChristoEdit
Christo Vladimirov Javacheff (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) was born on June 13, 1935, in Gabrovo, Bulgaria, as the second of three sons to Tzveta Dimitrova, a Macedonian Bulgarian from Thessaloniki, and Vladimir Javacheff, who worked at a textile manufacturer.Template:Sfn Christo was shyTemplate:Sfn and had a predilection for art. He received private art instruction at a young age and the support of his parents,Template:Sfn who invited visiting artists to their house.Template:Sfn Christo was particularly affected by events from World War II and the country's fluid borders.Template:Sfn During evacuations, he and his brothers stayed with a family in the rural hills outside town, where Christo connected with nature and handicraft.Template:Sfn
Christo pursued realistic painting through the mid-1950s, a period during which Western art was suppressed in Bulgaria. He was admitted into the Sofia Academy of Fine Arts in 1953Template:Sfn but found the school dull and stifling.Template:Sfn Instead, he found inspiration in Skira art books, and visiting Russian professors who were older than him and once active in Russian modernism and the Soviet avant-garde. On the weekends, academy students were sent to paint propaganda and Christo unhappily participated.Template:Sfn He found work as a location scout for the state cinema and served three tours of duty during summer breaks.Template:Sfn In 1956, he used an academy connection to receive permission to visit family in Prague,Template:Sfn where the theater of Emil František Burian reinvigorated him.Template:Sfn Amid fears of further Russian suppression in Hungary, Christo decided to flee to Vienna as a railcar stowaway. He had little money after paying the bribe, did not speak the language, had deserted during his Bulgarian military service, and feared being trapped in a refugee camp.Template:Sfn
In Vienna, he stayed with a family friend (who had not expected him), studied at the Vienna Fine Arts Academy, and surrendered his passport to seek political asylum as a stateless person.Template:Sfn There, he supported himself with commissions and briefly visited Italy with the academy, whose program he found equally unhappy as the one before it. At the behest of a friend relocated from Sofia, he saved up to visit Geneva in late 1957.Template:Sfn In violation of his visa, he continued to pursue commissions (whose works he would sign with his family name, reserving his given name for more serious work) and was transformed after visiting the Kunstmuseum Basel and Kunsthaus Zürich.Template:Sfn In January 1958, he first began to wrap things, as would become his trademark, starting with a paint can.Template:Sfn His collection of wrapped household items would be known as his Inventory. In February 1958, Christo left for Paris, having received a visa with the assistance of a Sofia academy connection.Template:Sfn
In 1973, after 17 stateless years, Christo became a United States citizen.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He died at his home in New York City on May 31, 2020, at 84. No cause of death was specified.<ref name=AP-obit>Template:Cite news</ref> L'Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped, a planned work by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, went ahead posthumously in Paris in September 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jeanne-ClaudeEdit
Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) was born in Casablanca, Morocco, where her father, an army officer, was stationed. Her mother, Précilda, was 17 when she married Jeanne-Claude's father, Major Léon Denat. Précilda and Léon Denat divorced shortly after Jeanne-Claude was born, and Précilda remarried three times. Jeanne-Claude earned a baccalauréat in Latin and philosophy in 1952 from the University of Tunis.<ref name="The New York Times 2009"/> After Précilda married the General Jacques de Guillebon in 1947, the family lived in Bern (1948–1951) and Tunisia (1952–1957) before returning to Paris.Template:Sfn
Jeanne-Claude was described as "extroverted" and with natural organizational abilities. Her hair was dyed red, which she claimed was selected by her husband.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She took responsibility for overseeing work crews and for raising funds.<ref name=WSJ />
Jeanne-Claude died in New York City on November 18, 2009, from complications due to a brain aneurysm. Her body was to be donated to science, one of her final wishes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When she died, she and Christo were at work on Over the River<ref name=Hoelterhoff>Template:Cite news</ref> and the United Arab Emirates project, The Mastaba.<ref name="The New York Times 2009"/> She said, "Artists don't retire. They die. That's all. When they stop being able to create art, they die."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
MarriageEdit
Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958 when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Précilda de Guillebon.Template:Sfn Initially, Christo was attracted to Jeanne-Claude's half-sister, Joyce. Jeanne-Claude was engaged to Philippe Planchon.Template:Sfn Shortly before her wedding, Jeanne-Claude became pregnant by Christo. Although she married Planchon, Jeanne-Claude left him immediately after their honeymoon.Template:Sfn Christo and Jeanne-Claude's son, Cyril, was born on May 11, 1960.<ref name="Bryan2019">Template:Cite book</ref>
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article from the German Wikipedia, accessed on May 3, 2005, with additional material on the Over the River project from the artists' website and newspapers.
Further readingEdit
The early work of Christo and Jeanne-ClaudeEdit
- Matthias Koddenberg, Christo: The Paris Sculptures 1961, Kettler Verlag, Bönen, Germany 2011
- Matthias Koddenberg, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Early Works 1958–64, Kettler Verlag, Bönen, Germany 2009
- Matthias Koddenberg, "Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Realism's Newly Unveiled Face", in: Nouveau Réalisme, exh. cat. Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Vienna, Austria 2005
- David Bourdon, Christo, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1971
Specific projects of Christo and Jeanne-ClaudeEdit
- Wark, Wesley K., Christo: A New Work in Miami / An Imaginary Visit to Scotland, in Cencrastus No. 9, Summer 1982, pp. 10 – 12, Template:Issn
- Anne L. Strauss, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 1979–2005, Taschen Verlag, Cologne, Germany 2005
- Christo: 5.600 Cubicmeter Package, Verlag Wort und Bild, Baierbrunn, Germany 1968
- Five Films about Christo & Jeanne-Claude: A Maysles Films Production, New York: Plexifilm, 2004.
Life and work of Christo and Jeanne-ClaudeEdit
- Matthias Koddenberg, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: In/out Studio, D.A.P., New York, 2015
- Christo and Jeanne-Claude: 40 Years – 12 Exhibitions, exh. cat. Annely Juda Fine Art, London, Great Britain 2011
- Jacob Baal-Teshuva, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Taschen Verlag, Cologne, Germany 2005
- Burt Chernow, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: A Biography, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2002
External linksEdit
- Christo and Jeanne-Claude official web site
- National Gallery of Art
- Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped, from Christo's studio in New York to the posthumous installation in Paris. Video conceived by art critic and curator dr Alain Chivilò
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