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Juguang Township / Jyuguang Township<ref name="biojyu"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Template:Zh; Foochow Romanized: Gṳ̄-guŏng-hiŏng), also spelled Chukuang, is a rural township of Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Republic of China (Taiwan). Juguang Township includes two major islands, Dongju Island ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} "East Ju"; Dĕ̤ng-gṳ̄) and Xiju Island ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} "West Ju"; Să̤-gṳ̄),<ref name="ellsberg"/> as well as some islets.
NameEdit
On October 15, 1971, the Executive Yuan approved changing the name of the township from Baiquan Township (Paichuan, White Dogs; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Juguang Township (Chukuang; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). They also approved changing the name of Xiquan Island (Hsichuan; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Xiju Island (Hsiju; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and Dongquan Island (Tungchuan; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Dongju Island (Tungchu; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="townshipannals1971"/><ref name="elections"/> The islands were renamed based on a quote of a speech by Chiang Kai-shek, "forget not that you're in Ju" (Template:Linktext; Wú wàng zài Jǔ; Ù uông câi Gṳ̄). It refers to the City of Ju, where the king of Qi prepared a counterattack that retook his country from the State of Yan. This is an analogy of Matsu and Taiwan generally as bases of the Republic of China (ROC) to regenerate itself and one day recover mainland China from the Chinese Communist Party.Template:Citation needed
Dongju and Xiju Islands were previously named Dongquan (Tung-ch'üan Tao<ref name="pt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>/Tung-ch'uan Tao<ref name="ellsberg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Dĕ̤ng-kēng) and Xiquan (Hsi-ch'üan Tao<ref name="pt"/>/Hsi-ch'uan Tao<ref name="ellsberg"/> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Să̤-kēng) Islands, meaning "Eastern Dog" and "Western Dog" respectively. They have also been called the White Dogs<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Paichuan, Baiquan) or White Dog Islands ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Băh-kēng-dō̤) or Baiken Islands (白肯島). The name Baiquan (白犬) has been connected with the homophonous name Baiquan (白畎).<ref name="biojyu"/>Template:Rp
HistoryEdit
On May 15, 1617, sixty-nine wokou were captured alive in the area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1872, construction of Dongsha (Tungsha) Lighthouse (Dongquan Lighthouse) began.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In December 1939, Japanese naval forces from Taiwan occupied the islands.<ref name="13to50"/>
The islands were originally part of the Changle County before the ROC government evacuated to Taiwan. It is considered by the People's Republic of China government as part of Changle City of the Fuzhou City.
In September 1953, the Changlo County ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) government was established on the islands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Western Enterprises (西方公司), a CIA front organization, had a communications base on Xiquan (Hsichuan).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
After a series of combat readiness tests carried out by MAAG were completed on April 15, 1955, the overall Chinese Nationalist defense preparations for the Matsu Islands were rated as satisfactory. One of the weaknesses noted was "the seriously understrength regiment garrisoning the Paichuan (White Dog) Islands group".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In July 1956, the islands were transferred to Lienchiang County. The islands were divided into two townships: Xiquan and Dongquan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On August 19, 1958, President Chiang Kai-shek visited Xiju Island (then Xiquan) and spoke to the soldiers there.<ref name="biojyu"/>Template:Rp<ref name="13to50">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In September 1960, the two townships were united into one, Paichuan (Baiquan) township.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On July 23, 1964, Chiang Ching-kuo visited the islands.<ref name="biojyu"/>Template:Rp
On October 15, 1971, the Executive Yuan approved changing the name of the township from Baiquan Township (Paichuan, White Dogs; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Juguang Township (Chukuang; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). They also approved changing the name of Xiquan Island (Hsichuan; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Xiju Island (Hsiju; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and Dongquan Island (Tungchuan; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to Dongju Island (Tungchu; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="townshipannals1971">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="elections">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On December 30, 1977, the 6-ton fishing boat Kuanghua 16638 was slammed by a communist vessel near the Liuchuan reefs ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) off the coast of Chukuang.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
On September 21, 1979, and on May 3, 1980, President Chiang Ching-kuo visited the township.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On June 18, 1993, President Lee Teng-hui visited the Dongju Elementary School.<ref name="biojyu"/>Template:Rp<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On June 24, 2001, Typhoon Chebi caused 3,000,000 yuan of damage on the islands.<ref name="biojyu"/>Template:Rp
In the 2018 election, Mayor Hsieh Chun-Lan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was re-elected mayor, defeating her opponent Chen Shun-Shou ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) by over a hundred votes. Hsieh called for rebuilding the former township office as a resort, beautification of the township, and creation of a vibrant sight-seeing economy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2020, undersea communications cables between Nangan and Juguang were damaged by sand dredgers from mainland China on five occasions, disrupting phone and internet services.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GeographyEdit
Dongju (Tong Chu<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>), the southernmost of the Matsu Islands, is 2.63 km2 and Sijyu 2.36 km2. Islets includes like Yongliu (永留嶼 Yongliu) near Dongju. Dongju is shaped like a dagger, while Xiju a triangle, so seemingly bigger on maps. Some cliffs of Dongjyu is severely corroded by wind, creating a strangely aesthetic appearance. Other islands include Linaoyu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) also known as Lintouyu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Xiniuyu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), Dayu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), Xiaoyu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), and Sheshan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="names">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The northernmost and easternmost points of Juguang Township are on Dayu, the westernmost point is on Sheshan, and the southernmost point is on Linaoyu.<ref name="chapterone"/><ref name="biojyu">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp Linaoyu is also the southernmost point of the Matsu Islands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Juguang is across from Meihua Town ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), Changle District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (PRC).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Politics and governmentEdit
Administrative divisionsEdit
Administratively the islands are part of the Lienchiang County. Neither Dongju nor Xiju has an island-wide administrative level.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The islands are divided into five rural villages:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Xiju Island
- Qingfan Village ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Qīngfán, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
- Xiqiu Village ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Xīqīu)
- Tianwo Village ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Tiánwò)
Dongju Island
- Daping Village ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Dàpíng)
- Fuzheng Village ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Fúzhèng)
MayorsEdit
- Appointed mayors:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Chen Chia-Tui ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1960-1961)
- Lin Tso-Chou ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1961-1964)
- Hsueh Chih-Lien ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1964-1967), former mayor of Nangan
- Li Kuei-Li ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1967-1970), later mayor of Beigan
- Chen I-Peng ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1970-1973), mayor during the change of the name of the township and islands,<ref name="elections"/> former mayor of Beigan and later mayor of Nangan (Matsu)
- Lin Po-Jen ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1973-1978)
- Elected mayors:<ref name="elections"/>
- Lin Mao-Chun ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1978-1982), received 692 votes out of a total 697 votes cast (699 eligible voters)
- Chen Chien-Kuang ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1982-1986)
- Chen Le-Tuan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1986-1990)
- Tsao Erh-Szu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1990-1994)
- Wang Ta-Chieh ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1994-1998)
- Chiang Chih-Hsing ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1998-2002)
- Wang Ta-Chieh ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (2002-2006), second term
- Ko Yu-Kuan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (2006-2014)
- Hsieh Chun-Lan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (2014–present) (KMT), b.1960<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> first female mayor of the township
InfrastructureEdit
Electricity supplyEdit
The township is powered up by Xiju Power Plant located in Xiju Island and Dongju Power Plant located in Dongju Island. Due to the changes in electricity needs, both islands were interconnected by submarine power cable since 2000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Water supplyEdit
Previously, water supply had been scarce in Xiju Island despite having water wells drilled around the island by the residents. Later the military built a dam and formed the Ledao'ao Reservoir for the water needs of residents, defense and irrigation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TourismEdit
The 19.5-metre (54-step) Dongquan Lighthouse on northern Dongjyu, made during the late Qing dynasty with granite. The guiding light is in the shape of a clam and can reach Template:Convert. Dongju Lighthouse is a second-level national historic building. In front of the lighthouse, there used to be four mist-cannon for signaling, but has now been removed and placed in Matsu Folk Culture Museum.
The 42-character Dapu Inscription, in Dapu Seaport of Dongju, was made during the Wanli era of the Ming dynasty, concerning the capture of pirates alive. Remembering-the-Past Pavilion (懷古亭 Huaigu Ting) was constructed in 1966 sheltering the stone.
In the sea south of the Sijyu, there is Snake Mountain (蛇山). The main island has a small Green-sail Seaport (青帆港), two water reservoirs and a middle-elementary school, but are not major tourist attractions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
It also features the Mysterious Little Bay.
TransportationEdit
There is one accessible seaport on Xiju, and two on Dongju. Juguang can be reached by ferry from Fuao Harbor in Nangan or by helicopter which only operates during the winter and priority on which is given to local residents.
EducationEdit
There are two public elementary and junior high schools in Juguang: Lienchiang County Jingheng Junior High & Elementary School (連江縣敬恆國民中小學) is on Xiju,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while Lienchiang County Jinguang Township Dong Jyu Junior High & Elementary School (連江縣莒光鄉東莒國民中小學) is on Dongju.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Ill (國立馬祖高級中學), operated by the national government, is located in Nangan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notable nativesEdit
- Chen Hsueh-sheng, Magistrate of Lienchiang County (2001-2009)
See alsoEdit
- Administrative divisions of the Republic of China
- List of islands of the Republic of China
- List of islands in the East China Sea
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- Template:Wikivoyage-inline
- 軍史探舊系列－莒光前線行(上集) ('Exploring Military History Series - A Visit to the Frontline at Juguang (Part One)') Template:In lang