Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} Cipla Limited is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai. Cipla primarily focuses on developing medication to treat respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, depression, paediatric and various other medical conditions. Cipla has 47 manufacturing locations across the world and sells its products in 86 countries. It is the third-largest drug producer in India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

HistoryEdit

Cipla was founded in Mumbai in 1935 by Khwaja Abdul Hamied as the Chemical, Industrial & Pharmaceutical Laboratories.<ref name=History>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=ETHistory>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In July 1984, the name of the company was changed to 'Cipla'.<ref name=ETHistory/>

Upon Hamied's death in 1972, his son Yusuf Hamied, a Cambridge-educated chemist, took over the company.

In 1995, Cipla launched Deferiprone, the world's first oral iron chelator.<ref name="History" />

In 1999, Cipla joined the Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance as a founding member in an effort to promote the development of generic drugs in India.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the AIDS epidemic in the early 2000s, Hamied reverse-engineered a three-drug antiretroviral medication that was sold for about $12,000 per year to create a cheaper version that sold for $304 per year.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> This drug was sold to African charities and governments. It is estimated that "at one time, as much as 40 percent of the AIDS patients in poor countries took Cipla drugs".<ref name=":1" />

During the avian flu pandemic in 2006, Cipla was able to reverse-engineer the drug Tamiflu and sell it for significantly lower prices.<ref name=":0" />

In 2013 Cipla acquired the South African company Cipla-Medpro. Its name was changed to Cipla Medpro South Africa Limited and was kept as a subsidiary.<ref name="VC">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Delists">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, Cipla-Medpro had been a distribution partner for Cipla and was South Africa's third-biggest pharmaceutical company.<ref name="VC" /> The company had been founded in 2002 under the name Enaleni Pharmaceuticals Ltd.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2005, Enaleni bought all the shares of Cipla-Medpro, which had been a joint venture between Cipla and Medpro Pharmaceuticals, a South African generics company;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 2008, it changed its name to Cipla-Medpro.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In September 2023, it was announced Cipla South Africa had acquired the Midrand-headquartered healthcare products manufacturer, Actor Pharma.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2015, Cipla acquired InvaGen Pharmaceuticals and Exelan Pharmaceuticals, two American pharmaceutical companies, for 555 million dollars.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 2019 Cipla entered digital therapeutics by partnering with Wellthy Therapeutics in India and Brandmed in South Africa.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In April 2024, Cipla acquired Ivia Beaute Pvt Ltd's cosmetics and personal care distribution and marketing business for ₹130 crore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Products and servicesEdit

Cipla sells active pharmaceutical ingredients to other manufacturers as well as pharmaceutical and personal care products,<ref name=BW>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> including the anti-depressant escitalopram oxalate, lamivudine, and fluticasone propionate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cipla is the world's largest manufacturer of antiretroviral drugs.<ref name=BW/><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

In July 2020, the company announced the introduction of Gilead Sciences' Remdesivir under the brand name CIPREMI in India after reaching a voluntary licensing agreement with the parent company and DCGI approval for "restricted emergency use" in COVID-19 treatment of patients in critical condition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

OperationsEdit

Cipla has 34 manufacturing units in 8 locations across India and a presence in over 80 countries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Exports accounted for 48% Template:INRConvert of its revenue for the 2013–14 fiscal year.<ref name=AR201314>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cipla spent Template:INR517 crore (5.4% of their revenue) in the 2013–14 fiscal year on R&D activities.<ref name=AR201314/> The primary focus areas for R&D were development of new formulations, drug-delivery systems, and APIs. Cipla also cooperates with other enterprises in areas such as consulting, commissioning, engineering, project appraisal, quality control, know-how transfer, support, and plant supply.

Listings and shareholdingEdit

The equity shares of Cipla are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the National Stock Exchange of India,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> where it is a constituent of the CNX Nifty.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.<ref name=AR201314/>

As of December 31, 2022, the promoter group, Y. K. Hamied and his family, held around 33.61% equity shares in Cipla. Individual shareholders hold approximately 14.72% of its shares. SBI Mutual Fund, LIC etc. are the largest non-promoter shareholders in the Company.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2024, Samina Hamied resigned from her position as the Executive Vice Chairperson of Cipla. She continued to serve the company as a non-executive director subject to rotational retirement.

Shareholders (as on 31-December-2022) citation CitationClass=web

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Promoter Group 33.61%
Mutual funds 14.09%
Financial Institution/Banks/Insurance 4.96%
Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) 28.39%
Corporate Bodies 0.53%
Individuals 14.72%
NRIs/OCBs 0.88%
ADRs/GDRs NIL
Others 2.82%
Total 100.00%

Awards and recognitionsEdit

  • In 1980, Cipla won Chemexcil Award for Excellence for exports.<ref name="IIHistory">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In 2006, Cipla won Dun & Bradstreet American Express Corporate Awards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> a Media Analytics firm in association with TRA Research,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a brand insights organization (both part of the Comniscient Group).

CriticismEdit

Emergency contraceptionEdit

In August 2007, Cipla launched an emergency contraception drug "i-pill" sold over the counter,.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The drug sparked controversy as it was available without prescription and contained a large amount of API per dosage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Generic drugsEdit

In the late 1960s, Cipla began manufacturing a new, patented drug, propranolol, without the permission of the drug's patent holder, Imperial Chemical Industries; a protest was filed with the Indian government. The CEO of Cipla pressured the government of Indira Gandhi to change India's patent laws to eliminate patents that directly covered drugs, and instead to allow only patents that covered methods to make drugs<ref name=Wired>Template:Cite news</ref> so that Cipla could produce low-priced generic drugs. Since then, Cipla has also produced a low-cost drug to treat HIV, and expanded operations into several developing countries.<ref name=nationalherald>Template:Cite news</ref> The changes made led to criticism of both India's patent laws and Cipla.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> India reinstated patents on drugs in 2005.<ref name=Wired/>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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