Club of Madrid

Club de Madrid is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community. It is composed of 127 regular members from 74 countries,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> including 5 Nobel Peace Prize laureates and 23 first female heads of state or government. Club de Madrid is the world's largest forum of former heads of state and government.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

The organisation has six honorary members, which include Aung San Suu Kyi, Ban Ki-moon, Ángel Gurría, Enrique Iglesias, Javier Solana, and Juan Somavía.

Among its main goals are the strengthening of democratic institutions and counseling on the resolution of political conflicts in two key areas: democratic leadership and governance, and response to crisis and post-crisis situations.<ref name=":0" />

History and actions

Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tank FRIDE (Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exteriores).<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref>

The Conference was attended by 32 current and former heads of state and government, who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were former President of the USSR Mikhaíl Gorbachov, former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, former democratic Prime Ministers of Spain Adolfo Suárez, Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, Felipe González and José María Aznar, former Prime Minister of the Central African Republic Martin Ziguele, and US President Bill Clinton.<ref name=":2" />

File:Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue.jpg

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Madrid in 2019

The Club's first Secretary General was the co-founder of FRIDE, Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro, and its first President was former President of Brasil Fernando Henrique Cardoso,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> who held that post until 2006. In 2004, former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell became Secretary General until 2006,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> when the Spanish diplomat Fernando Perpiñá-Robert took the post. Former President of Chile Ricardo Lagos was elected as the organization's President in 2006,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> until 2010, when he ceded the position to former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Wim Kok. Also in 2010, Carlos Westendorp, Spanish diplomat and politician, became Secretary General.

Former President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was elected President of the Club in 2014. In 2016, María Elena Agüero became Secretary General<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and, in 2019, former President of Slovenia Danilo Türk was elected President, posts they both still hold.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Club's first General Assembly was held in Madrid in October 2002 approved the organization's first Annual Policy Dialogue,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> year-long initiatives that involve members, other organizations, and experts in working groups to formulate policy recommendations on the decided topic. The results of some Annual Policy Dialogues and other programs have been echoed and supported in national and international legislation and pacts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of Annual Policy Dialogues

Year	Topic	Place
2002	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Palace Hotel, Madrid
2003	The Role of the IMF and its Contribution to Democratic Governance<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Palace Hotel, Madrid
2004	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Parliament, Madrid
2005	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague
2005	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Madrid, Spain
2006	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Palace of the Senate, Madrid
2007	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Instituto Cervantes, Madrid
2008	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Rotterdam, Netherlands
2009	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Palacio de Congresos, Madrid
2010	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Representation of the European Commission in Spain, Madrid
2011	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	New York, USA
2012	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
2012	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
2013	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Ganja and Baku, Azerbaijan
2014	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Coolum Beach, Queensland, Australia
2014	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Baku, Azerbaijan
2014	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Florence, Italy
2015	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Madrid, Spain
2016	Inclusive, Sustainable and Resilient Cities in the Belt and Road Initiative<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Guangzhou, China
2018	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Lisbon, Portugal
2019	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Madrid, Spain
2020	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Online
2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Online
2022	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Berlin, Germany
2023	Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Brazil
2025	Driving Sustainable Futures for All	Nairobi, Kenya

The Club de Madrid pushed for a constitutional reform in Haiti<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and promoted the adoption of a National Pact in 2014 to reach a democratic consensus.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Club de Madrid called for international cooperation, solidarity, and policies such as the "creation of an international fund for assistance to the Global South to deal with the consequences of COVID-19" and supported "the IMF’s call for coordinated fiscal stimuli to mitigate against long-lasting economic damage". The organization called on the World Bank to support the coordinated purchase of pandemic response equipment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Education-for-shared-societies-policy-dialogue-plenaries 45859590951 o.jpg

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Portugal in 2018

Club de Madrid issued a statement in support of the 2020 International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, endorsing practices of restorative justice and highlighting the cosmovision of numerous indigenous peoples towards nature.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in 2020, the organization appealed to the authorities of Belarus to "stop detentions and the use of force against unarmed demonstrators" after the presidential elections in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Club de Madrid also condemned the 2021 coup d'état in Myanmar and called for the "immediate and unconditional release of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Daw Aung Sang Suu Kyi, members of government, of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and of civil society activists who have been detained".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in 2021, the organization and 46 of its members publicly supported the suspension of the WTO's intellectual property rules towards COVID-19 vaccines to make vaccination more accessible.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In June 2022, the Club de Madrid called on the Tunisian President Kais Saied to release the politician Hamadi Jebali.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Club de Madrid has also repeatedly called for the release of opposition leader Alexei Navalny and other political prisoners in Russia, and for the end of the Russian invasion of Ukraine through dialogue and diplomacy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In response to the January 8th Brazilian Congress attack, Club de Madrid condemned the event.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2024, the Club of Madrid sent an open letter to the G20 group in which it supported Brazil's proposal to tax the super-rich to alleviate "extreme" inequality and raise the money needed for investment in industry and the green transition. In the letter, they warned that taxes are the foundation of a civilized, enterprising and prosperous society. The Club of Madrid pointed out that the Super Rich have unproductively accumulated trillions of dollars that could have been productively invested in communities, education, health and infrastructure. The result is extreme inequality, which is why 19 members of Club of Madrid believe that a new international agreement on the taxation of the super-rich is necessary. The letter was signed by, among others, former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet, former Slovenian President Danilo Tuerk, former Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven, former Spanish Prime Ministers Felipe Gonzalez and Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero and former French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Composition and structure

As of May 2025, there are 127 full members, all of whom are previous government officials with full voting rights. The Club also has institutional members and foundations – private and public organizations that share similar democratic objectives, including FRIDE, the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA), both original sponsors of the founding conference in 2001,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Madrid City Council, the Regional Government of Madrid, and the Government of Spain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additionally, there are six honorary members (e.g. Javier Solana, Aung San Suu Kyi<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) and several fellows, who are experts on democratic change.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Full members, representatives of the constituent foundations, the Secretary General of the organization, and honorary members form the General Assembly, the highest representative and governing body of Club de Madrid. The General Assembly meets at least once a year to vote on the organization's activities and reports, the proposal of new members, and the designation of the Secretary General, Board of Directors and President, among other activities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Board of Directors manages the interests of the organization according to the directives of the General Assembly. The body is composed of the President, currently Danilo Türk, two Vice-Presidents, currently former South Korean Prime Minister Han Seung-soo and former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet, one member from each constituent foundation, the Secretary General, and up to six other members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The President represents the organization and is elected for a term of three years, renewable once. The Vice-Presidents are also elected for three years, renewable once, and they work closely with the President.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Club de Madrid Secretariat.jpg

Club de Madrid's Secretariat

Club de Madrid has two advisory bodies, the President's Circle, made up of individuals and organizations that support the Club's objectives, and the Advisory Committee, composed of fellows who are experts in their fields. The Secretariat, under the direction of the Secretary General, is responsible for the daily management of the Club de Madrid.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Funding

Club de Madrid is a non-profit organization and members offer their services on a pro bono basis. It relies financially on donations which are used to support a permanent Secretariat and fund specific projects. The Club's accounts are audited annually by an external organization and publicly available.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Club of Madrid Foundation Inc. (COMFI) is a grant-making foundation that has US 501(c)(3) tax exemption status. It exists to raise funds in support of the Club's charitable and educational activities. COMFI is independent and not controlled by the Club itself, but solely by a four-person Board of Directors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Members

Club de Madrid has 127 full members of which 17 are former Heads of State and/or government from Africa and the Middle East, 26 from the Americas, 17 from Asia-Pacific, and 60 from Europe.

List of current members

List of members as of May 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of secretaries-general

	Name	Start	End	Nation	Party	Office(s) held
	Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro	2002	2004	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}		Co-founder of FRIDE
File:Kim Campbell.jpg	Kim Campbell	2004	2006	Canada	Conservative Party	Minister of National Defence (1993) Minister of Veterans Affairs (1993) Minister of Justice and Attorney General (1993) Minister of State (Indian Affairs and Northern Development) (1993) Prime Minister of Canada (1993)
	Fernando Perpiñá-Robert	2006	2010<ref name=":1" />	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}		Spanish diplomat
File:Carlos Westendorp.jpg	Template:Sortname	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2016	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}	Template:Sortname	Minister of Foreign Affairs (1995-1996)
	María Elena Agüero	2016	Present	Template:USA	None

List of honorary members

	Name	Age	Nation	Party	Office(s) held
File:Remise du Prix Sakharov à Aung San Suu Kyi Strasbourg 22 octobre 2013-18.jpg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	Template:MMR	Template:Sortname	State Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021)
File:Ban Ki-moon February 2016.jpg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	Template:KOR	Template:Sortname	Secretary-General of the United Nations (2007–2016)
File:Enrique V Iglesias 2.jpg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	Template:URU {{#invoke:flag	Spain}}	Template:Sortname	President of the Inter-American Development Bank (1998–2005) Secretary General of the Iberoamerican General Secretariat (2005–13)
File:Javier Solana 1999.jpg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}	Template:Sortname	Secretary General of NATO (1995–99) and High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (1999–2009)
File:Angel Gurria - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 (cropped).jpg	José Ángel Gurria	75	Template:MEX	PRI	Secretary General of OECD (2006-2021)
File:Juan Somavia - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg	Juan Somavia	84	Template:CHI	None	Director of the International Labour Organization (1999-2012)

List of members of the constituent foundations

	Name	Age	Nation	Party	Office(s) held
File:No image.svg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}	Template:Sortname	Founder and President of, and donor to, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE) Founding Member and Senior Fellow of the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA)<ref name="CdM Hidalgo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:No image.svg	[1]Template:Sortname	(unknown)	Template:USA	None	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:No image.svg	[2]Template:Sortname	(unknown)	Template:USA	None	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:José Manuel Romero Moreno.jpg	Template:Sortname	Template:Age	{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}	None	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	Cristina Manzano		{{#invoke:flag	Spain}}		Director of EsGlobal Member of FRIDE<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• CC9

External links

• Template:Official website
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