Commandant General Royal Marines

Commandant General Royal Marines is the professional head of the Royal Marines. The title has existed since 1943. The role is held by a General who is assisted by a Deputy Commandant General, with the rank of brigadier.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This position is not to be confused with Captain General Royal Marines, the ceremonial head. The Commandant General Royal Marines is the counterpart to the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

In 1760 three naval captains were appointed colonels of marines. However, these were naval officers and it meant that the furthest a marine officer could advance was to lieutenant colonel. It was not until 1771 that commandants of the three divisions (Portsmouth, Plymouth and Chatham) were appointed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The first single professional head of the Royal Marine Forces was the Deputy Adjutant-General, a post which existed from 1825<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> until 1914 when the post was re-designated the Adjutant-General:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the post holder usually held the rank of full general.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since 1943 the professional head of the Royal Marines has been the Commandant-General who held the rank of full general until 1977, the rank of lieutenant general until 1996, the rank of major general until April 2021, the rank of lieutenant general until November 2022, and the rank of full general since 2022.<ref name=appoints>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lieutenant General Robert Magowan was the first person to assume the role twice, serving between 2016 and 2017 and again from 2021 to 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 25 November 2022 the Royal Marines announced that General Gwyn Jenkins, then Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, would be concurrently appointed the new Commandant General Royal Marines, making him the first full general to occupy the role since 1977.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

From 1825 until 1964 his headquarters office which changed location several times was known as the Royal Marine Office.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Role

The appointment had been held concurrently with that of Commander United Kingdom Amphibious Forces (COMUKAMPHIBFOR) since the creation of the Fleet Battle Staff in 2001. COMUKAMPHIBFOR was one of two deployable two-star maritime operational commanders (the other being Commander UK Maritime Forces (COMUKMARFOR), now Commander United Kingdom Strike Force,<ref name=fbs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with particular responsibility for amphibious and littoral warfare.<ref name=fbs/> Unlike COMUKMARFOR, COMUKAMPHIBFOR is primarily configured to command as a combined joint task force and designed to support a single two star commander.<ref name=fbs/> In April 2018, it was announced that the two separate deployable two-star maritime operational commanders (COMUKMARFOR and COMUKAMPHIBFOR) would be merged into a single, larger, maritime battle staff.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In April 2021, the role passed to a more senior officer in a dual-hatted capacity, and the commandant general's role, as well as being the professional head of the Royal Marines, was identified as championing emerging concepts in amphibious warfare and maintaining critical ties with the US Marine Corps.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

General Officers Commanding

General Officers Commanding have included:<ref name=appoints/>

Deputy Adjutant General Royal Marines

• Major-General Sir James Campbell 1825–1831
• Major-General Sir John Savage 1831–1836
• Lieutenant-General Sir John Owen 1836–1854
• Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Wesley 1854–1862
• General Sir George Langley 1862–1867
• General Samuel Lowder 1867–1872
• General Sir George Schomberg 1872–1875
• Lieutenant General George Rodney 1875–1878
• Major-General Sir Charles Adair 1878–1883
• General Sir John Williams 1883–1888
• General Sir Howard Jones 1888–1893
• General Sir Henry Tuson 1893–1900
• Lieutenant-General John Morris 1900–1902
• Lieutenant-General Sir William Wright 1902–1907
• General Sir William Adair 1907–1911
• General Sir William Nicholls 1911–1914

Adjutant General Royal Marines

• General Sir William Nicholls 1914–1916
• Major-General Sir David Mercer 1916–1920
• Major-General Gunning Campbell July 1920 – November 1920
• General Sir Herbert Blumberg 1920–1924
• General Sir Alexander Hutchison 1924–1927
• General Sir Lewis Halliday 1927–1930
• General Sir Richard Ford 1930–1933<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
• General Sir Richard Foster 1933–1936<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
• General Sir William Godfrey 1936–1939
• General Sir Alan Bourne 1939–1943

Commandant General Royal Marines

Template:Abbr	Portrait	Name Template:Small	Term of office			Template:Abbr
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1	File:Thomas Hunton.jpg	General Sir Thomas Hunton Template:Small	January 1943	1946	Template:Age in years years	–
2		General Sir Dallas Brooks Template:Small	1946	May 1949	Template:Age in years years	–
3	File:Leslie Chasemore Hollis.jpg	General Sir Leslie Hollis Template:Small	1949	1952	Template:Age in years years	–
4		General Sir John Westall Template:Small	1952	1955	Template:Age in years years	–
5		General Sir Campbell Hardy Template:Small	1955	1959	Template:Age in years years	–
6		General Sir Ian Riches Template:Small	1959	1962	Template:Age in years years	–
7		General Sir Malcolm Cartwright-Taylor Template:Small	1962	1965	Template:Age in years years	–
8		General Sir Norman Tailyour Template:Small	1965	1968	Template:Age in years years	–
9		General Sir Peter Hellings Template:Small	1968	1971	Template:Age in years years	–
10		General Sir Ian Gourlay Template:Small	1971	9 June 1975	Template:Age in years years	–
11		General Sir Peter Whiteley Template:Small	1975	1977	Template:Age in years years	–
12		Lieutenant General Sir John Richards Template:Small	1977	1981	Template:Age in years years	–
13		Lieutenant General Sir Steuart Pringle Template:Small	1981	1984	Template:Age in years years	–
14	File:USMC display to British Royal Marines LGEN Sir Michael Wilkins (Wilkins cropped).jpg	Lieutenant General Sir Michael Wilkins Template:Small	1984	1987	Template:Age in years years	–
15		Lieutenant General Sir Martin Garrod Template:Small	1987	1990	Template:Age in years years	–
16		Lieutenant General Sir Henry Beverley Template:Small	1990	1994	Template:Age in years years	–
17		Lieutenant General Sir Robin Ross Template:Small	1994	1996	Template:Age in years years	–
18		Major General David Pennefather Template:Small	1996	1998	Template:Age in years years	–
19	File:Governor Sir Robert Fulton - Inspection (cropped).jpg	Major General Robert Fulton Template:Small	1998	2001	Template:Age in years years	–
20	File:Sir Robert Fry - Self Portrait (cropped).jpg	Major General Robert Fry Template:Small	2001	2002	Template:Age in years years	–
21		Major General Anthony Milton Template:Small	May 2002	February 2004	Template:Age in years and months	–
22	File:Royal Marines French Marines 20 years (David Wilson cropped).jpg	Major General David Wilson Template:Small	February 2004	August 2004	Template:Age in years and months	–
23	File:James Dutton Governor of Gibraltar.jpg	Major General James Dutton Template:Small	August 2004	June 2006	Template:Age in years and months	–
24	File:HMS Edinburgh rededication (Garry Robison cropped).jpg	Major General Garry Robison Template:Small	June 2006	June 2009	Template:Age in years and months	–
25	File:Andysalmon.jpg	Major General Andrew Salmon Template:Small	26 June 2009	February 2010	Template:Age in years and months	–
26	File:USMC-110727-M-RT059-004 (cropped).jpg	Major General Francis Howes Template:Small	February 2010	December 2011	Template:Age in years and months	–
27	File:Mgeddavis.jpg	Major General Edward Davis Template:Small	December 2011	13 June 2014	Template:Age in years and months	<ref>City brigadier will lead Royal Marines Template:Webarchive This is Plymouth, 5 November 2011.</ref><ref name="Smith"/>
28	File:Major-General Martin Smith RM (Parade Reception).jpg	Major General Martin Smith Template:Small	13 June 2014	4 June 2016	Template:Age in years and months	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Magowan"/>
29	File:Major General Robert Magowan (cropped).jpg	Major General Robert Magowan Template:Small	4 June 2016	19 January 2018	Template:Age in years and months	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Stickland"/>
30	File:Stickland inspects Royal Marines (cropped).jpg	Major General Charles Stickland Template:Small	19 January 2018	14 June 2019	Template:Age in years and months	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Holmes"/>
31	File:Major General Matt Holmes CBE DSO.jpg	Major General Matthew Holmes Template:Small	14 June 2019	30 April 2021	Template:Age in years and months	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
32	File:Lieutenant General Robert Magowan (cropped).jpg	Lieutenant General Robert Magowan Template:Small	30 April 2021	25 November 2022	Template:Age in years and months	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
33	File:Commandant General Royal Marines 2022 (cropped).jpg	General Sir Gwyn Jenkins	25 November 2022	Incumbent	Template:Age in years and months	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

List of Deputy Commandants General

Template:Expand list The following have served as Deputy Commandant General:

• Template:0–2013: Brigadier Bill Dunham
• 2014–2017: Brigadier Richard Spencer
• 2017–2020: Brigadier Haydn White
• 2020–present: Brigadier Anthony R. Turner