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Copper Harbor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located within Grant Township. The population of the CDP was 136 as of the 2020 census.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The community is located at the northern tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula and is the northernmost permanently populated community in the state. Due to its natural environment and surroundings, which include Fort Wilkins Historic State Park, Copper Harbor is marketed as an all-season tourist destination.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Sps</ref>
EtymologyEdit
The community takes its name from its harbor, which served as a port for shipping copper mined from local deposits during the mid-19th century.<ref name="Lankton">Template:Cite book</ref>
The harbor in turn acquired its name prior to the 19th-century copper boom, due to the presence of a green copper-bearing vein in a rock on Hayes Point at the harbor entrance.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This prominent rock was known to voyageurs as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
The Keweenaw Peninsula and the area that would become the Copper Country was home to the Ojibwe people prior to European settlement. By the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe, which took effect in 1843, the Ojibwe officially ceded the western Upper Peninsula including the Keweenaw to the United States.Template:Sfn
Copper Harbor was host to the first mineral land agency throughout the entire Lake Superior District. Captain Walter Cunningham was appointed by the United States Department of War to act as a Special Agent to the area. As soon as wayfinding was established in the spring of 1843, Cunningham had come to the area and opened his office, which was thereafter named the "Government House". It was positioned on Porter's Island, a small rocky island just opposite of present-day downtown Copper Harbor.<ref name=":1" />
The Pittsburgh and Boston Copper Harbor Mining Company, formed by John Hayes of Cleveland, Ohio, began excavating some pits near Hayes Point in Copper Harbor in 1844. It was a small development at first, but its mine was modern for its time, and the company struck it rich in 1845. The Pittsburgh and Boston mine operations were some of the first in the state of Michigan.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
A few years later, the Central Mine, Cliff Mine, and others were opened and became successful.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":7">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> However, by 1870 the copper resources in the community had been largely worked out.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1" />
The community of Copper Harbor was listed as a newly organized census-designated place for the 2010 census, meaning it now has officially defined boundaries and population statistics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GeographyEdit
In 2010, Copper Harbor was listed as a census-designated place. The CDP contains a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (37.86%) is water.<ref name="CENS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Copper Harbor is located at the northern edge of the Keweenaw Peninsula, which also extends for several miles to the east. Copper Harbor has its own post office and ZIP Code (49918).<ref>Template:Google maps</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some areas within the community and the surrounding area may use the Mohawk 49950 ZIP Code.<ref>Template:Google maps</ref>
Beyond the community center, there are thick forests, limited roadways, and few developments.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref>
Relative to other communities in the Keweenaw, Copper Harbor is Template:Convert from Mandan, Template:Convert north of Delaware, and Template:Convert east of Eagle Harbor. The village of Ahmeek is the nearest incorporated community at Template:Convert to the southwest.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
ClimateEdit
Copper Harbor has a humid continental climate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Summers are warm but rarely hot due to the moderating influence of Lake Superior, while winters are cold and snowy, albeit milder than areas on similar parallels to the west, due to the low-scale maritime moderation. Although winter temperatures are similar to those in the nearest large metropolitan city Minneapolis, a couple of degrees latitude south-west, the main difference is that April is also a winter month in Copper Harbor, since the marine effects delay spring. The temperature lag effect is so great that March holds the town's record low, and April's record low temperatures are not much warmer than those of December.
Notable attractionsEdit
- Hunter's Point is the name of a flat point, running out from the west into Lake Superior. It was named for an early settler of the area named Hunter who owned a tract of land on what is now Hunter's Point. He is buried in the Fort Wilkins Cemetery. Today, Hunter's Island is a Grant Township park, hosting a wide variety of both flora and fauna alike. It is also a well-known stop for migratory birds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1" />
- Just outside the town is the northern terminus of U.S. Highway 41 (US 41), which runs Template:Convert from Copper Harbor to Miami, Florida.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Just east of downtown Copper Harbor is Fort Wilkins Historic State Park, an early restored frontier United States Army base originally built in 1844 to protect the vital port of Copper Harbor from the Ojibwe during the early years of the copper mining boom, America's first great mining rush. It became clear later that issues in the region were their own—rough and icy winters, isolation, and sheer loneliness.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":10">Template:Cite book</ref>
- The Copper Harbor Schoolhouse, one of the oldest one-room schools in Michigan, is found here. In 1999, this 140-year-old school had nine students who attended classes. The school district it lies in is called Grant Township Schools, District No. 2. The District motto is "Searching For Knowledge" and the mascot of the schoolhouse is the Copper Harbor Prospectors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Copper Harbor is home to a Fourth of July fireworks show that is locally notable on the Keweenaw Peninsula.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Lake Fanny Hooe, named after the mining Captain William Albutrtis' juvenile sister-in-law, borders Fort Wilkins and is well known in the area for the origin of its name. This lake is one mile east of Copper Harbor, and runs parallel with US 41. The lake is Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide, with a total depth of Template:Convert and numerous points.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- The historic Copper Harbor Lighthouse is situated at the opening of the physical harbor itself. The lighthouse was rebuilt in 1866, replacing an original light from 1849, and is only accessible via a short ride in a compact, open vessel from the Copper Harbor Marina. Taken out of service in 1933, the historic navigational aid is one of the oldest lighthouses on Lake Superior. Within the yellow-bricked maritime post, furnishings from the era remain to conceptualize the life of the lighthouse keepers. Exhibits in the lighthouse museum cover both the lighthouse's history and the local shipwreck culture of the area.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10" />
- The historic Copper Harbor Cemetery discloses the gravestones of some of the earliest settlers in the Copper Country, with the first recorded interment in 1853 and a number of other tombstones that predate the year 1900.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":4" />
- Characterized as "the most beautiful road in Michigan,"<ref name=":3" /> Brockway Mountain Drive is a Template:Convert roadway that follows the spine of a Template:Convert ridge between the communities of Copper Harbor and Eagle Harbor, and it is the highest-paved road between the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Allegheny Mountains in the east. The road was constructed during the 1930s in the midst of the Great Depression by the Works Progress Administration. It offers views of Lake Superior, and the Keweenaw Peninsula, as well the archipelago of Isle Royale on an especially clear, transparent day. There is also a close on the drive called Brockway Mountain Lookout that offers a view of the community of Copper Harbor itself.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":10" />
- In addition to the main 1849 Copper Harbor Lighthouse, the Copper Harbor Front Range and Rear Range Lights, both completed in 1869, remain and are locally considered to be iconic, as well as being the subject of memorabilia. The purpose of the Copper Harbor Range Lights was to do what the main lighthouse could not; it guided vessels and their sailors past the hazardous reefs on either side of the waterway.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":8" />
DemographicsEdit
Template:US Census populationAccording to the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 136. According to the 2021 American Community Survey, its median household income was $54,583.<ref name=":0" />
GalleryEdit
- CopperHarborMichiganDowntown2US41.jpg
US 41 through Copper Harbor
- CopperHarborMichiganSignUS41.jpg
Signage along US 41
- CopperHarborWelcomeSignUS41.jpg
Copper Harbor welcome sign
- End of US 41.JPG
Northern terminus of US 41, October 2006
TransportationEdit
HighwaysEdit
- Template:Jct travels through Copper Harbor and has its northernmost terminus just east of the community.
- Template:Jct has its northernmost terminus at US 41 within the western portion of the community.
Ferry servicesEdit
Copper Harbor contains a ferry port that provides transportation to Isle Royale National Park. The Isle Royale Line, Inc. (formerly named Isle Royale Ferry Service) operates the Isle Royale Queen IV out of Copper Harbor during the warmer months from May to September. The ferry takes 3.5 hours to travel Template:Convert across Lake Superior to Rock Harbor.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Official community of Copper Harbor website
- Copper Country Explorer
- Copper Harbor biking and hiking trails
- Astronomy Picture of the Day May 5, 2021 showing a STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) in the night sky - similar to aurora and often accompanying a green picket-fence aurora