Courtney Love
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Courtney Michelle Love (née Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and actress. A figure in the alternative and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has had a career spanning four decades. She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.
Love had an itinerant childhood, but was primarily raised in Portland, Oregon, where she played in a series of short-lived bands and was active in the local punk scene. Following a brief stay in a juvenile hall, she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and pursuing an acting career. She appeared in supporting roles in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy (1986) and Straight to Hell (1987) before forming the band Hole in Los Angeles with guitarist Eric Erlandson. The group received critical acclaim from underground rock press for their 1991 debut album Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon, while their second release, Live Through This (1994), was met with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales. In 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman's The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), which established her as a mainstream actress. The following year, Hole's third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), was nominated for three Grammy Awards.
Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon (1999) and Trapped (2002), before releasing her first solo album, America's Sweetheart, in 2004. The subsequent several years were marred with publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug relapse, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire.
Love has also been active as a writer; she co-created and co-wrote three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, and wrote a memoir, Dirty Blonde (2006). In 2020, NME named her one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years.
Life and careerEdit
1964–1982: Childhood and educationEdit
Courtney Michelle Harrison was born July 9, 1964, at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital in San Francisco,Template:Sfn the first child of psychotherapist Linda Carroll (née Risi; born 1944) and Hank Harrison (1941–2022),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a publisher and road manager for the Grateful Dead.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Her parents met at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963, and the two married in Reno, Nevada after Carroll discovered she was pregnant.<ref name=selvin/>Template:Sfn Carroll, who was adopted at birth,Template:Sfn is the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox.<ref name=Freeman>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="liverpool" /> The identity of Love's maternal biological grandfather is unknown.<ref name=Freeman/> Love's matrilineal great-grandmother was Elsie Fox (née de Sola),<ref name=Acocella>Template:Cite magazine</ref> a Cuban writer who co-wrote the film The Last Train from Madrid with Love's great-grandfather, Paul Hervey Fox, cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>Template:Sfn Phil Lesh, the founding bassist of the Grateful Dead, was Love's godfather.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Love, she was named after Courtney Farrell, the protagonist of Pamela Moore's 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Love is of mixed Cuban, English, German, Irish, Ashkenazi Jewish, and Welsh ancestry.<ref name=Acocella/><ref name="fisher">Template:Cite episode</ref> Through her mother's subsequent marriages, Love has two younger half-sisters, three younger half-brothers (one of whom died in infancy), and one adopted brother.Template:Sfn<ref name="curse" />
Love spent her early years in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, until her parents divorced in 1970.<ref name=liverpool/>Template:Sfn In a custody hearing, her mother, as well as one of her father's girlfriends, testified that Hank had dosed Courtney with LSD when she was a toddler.<ref name=liverpool/>Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Carroll also alleged that Hank threatened to abduct his daughter and flee with her to a foreign country.<ref name=selvin/> Though Hank denied these allegations, his custody was revoked.<ref name=selvin>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1970, Carroll relocated with Love to the rural community of Marcola, Oregon, where they lived along the Mohawk River<ref name="curse" /> while Carroll completed her psychology degree at the University of Oregon.Template:Sfn There, Carroll remarried to schoolteacher Frank Rodríguez, who legally adopted Love.<ref name="curse" /> Though Love was baptized a Roman Catholic,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> her mother maintained an unorthodox home; according to Love, "There were hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked [doing] Gestalt therapy", and her mother raised her in a gender-free household with "no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing".Template:Sfn
Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, Oregon, where she struggled academically and socially.Template:Sfn<ref name="etrue">Template:Cite episode</ref> She has said that she began seeing psychiatrists at "like, [age] three. Observational therapy. TM for tots. You name it, I've been there."<ref name=lovechild/> At age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism, among them tactile defensiveness.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref name=without/> Love commented in 1995: "When I talk about being introverted, I was diagnosed autistic. At an early age, I would not speak. Then I simply bloomed."<ref name=lovechild/>
In 1972, Love's mother divorced Rodríguez, remarried to sportswriter David Menely, and moved the family to Nelson, New Zealand.Template:Sfn Love was enrolled at Nelson College for Girls,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but soon expelled for misbehavior.Template:Sfn In 1973, Carroll sent Love back to Portland, Oregon,Template:Sfn to be raised by her former stepfather and other family friends.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>
At age 14, Love was arrested for shoplifting from a Portland department store<ref name="courting">Template:Cite news</ref> and remanded at Hillcrest Correctional Facility, a juvenile hall in Salem, Oregon.<ref name="etrue" />Template:Sfn While at Hillcrest, she became acquainted with records by Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, who later inspired her to start a band.Template:Sfn She was intermittently placed in foster care throughout late 1979 until becoming legally emancipated in 1980,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn after which she remained staunchly estranged from her mother.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shortly after her emancipation, Love spent two months in Japan working as a topless dancer, but was deported after her passport was confiscated.Template:Sfn She returned to Portland and began working at the strip club Mary's Club,Template:Sfn<ref name="lovechild">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> adopting the surname Love to conceal her identity; she later adopted Love as her surname.<ref name="curse">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She worked odd jobs, including as a DJ at a gay disco.Template:Sfn Love said she lacked social skills,Template:Sfn and learned them while frequenting gay clubs and spending time with drag queens.Template:Sfn During this period, she enrolled at Portland State University, studying English and philosophy.Template:Sfn<ref name="thepoweroflove">Template:Cite magazine</ref> She later commented that, had she not found a passion for music, she would have sought a career working with children.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Quote box In 1981, Love was granted a small trust fund that had been left by her maternal grandparents. She used that money to travel to Dublin, Ireland, where her biological father was living.Template:Sfn She audited courses at Trinity College, studying theology for two semesters.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She later received honorary patronage from Trinity's University Philosophical Society in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
While in Dublin, Love met musician Julian Cope of the Teardrop Explodes at one of the band's concerts.<ref name=liverpool/> Cope took a liking to Love and offered to let her stay at his Liverpool home in his absence.<ref name=liverpool/> She traveled to London, where she was met by her friend and future bandmate, Robin Barbur, from Portland.Template:Sfn Recalling Cope's offer, Love and Barbur moved into Cope's home with him and several other artists,<ref name=liverpool>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn including Pete de Freitas of Echo & the Bunnymen.Template:Sfn De Freitas was initially hesitant to allow the girls to stay, but acquiesced as they were "alarmingly young and obviously had nowhere else to go".Template:Sfn Love recalled: "They kind of took me in. I was sort of a mascot; I would get them coffee or tea during rehearsals."<ref name="girlboss">Template:Cite interview</ref> Cope writes of Love frequently in his 1994 autobiography, Head-On, in which he refers to her as "the adolescent".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In July 1982, Love returned to the United States.<ref name=liverpool/> In late 1982, she attended a Faith No More concert in San Francisco and convinced the members to let her join as a singer.Template:Sfn<ref name="AMG Love">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The group recorded material with Love as a vocalist, but fired her; according to keyboardist Roddy Bottum, who remained Love's friend in the years after, the band wanted a "male energy".Template:Sfn
Love returned to working abroad as an erotic dancer, briefly in Taiwan, and then at a taxi dance hall in Hong Kong.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn By Love's account, she first used heroin while working at the Hong Kong dance hall, having mistaken it for cocaine.Template:Sfn While still inebriated from the drug, Love was pursued by a wealthy male client who requested that she return with him to the Philippines, and gave her money to purchase new clothes.Template:Sfn She used the money to purchase an airfare back to the United States.Template:Sfn
1983–1987: Early music projects and filmEdit
At age 19, through her then-boyfriend's mother, film costume designer Bernadene Mann, Love took a job at Paramount Studios cleaning out the wardrobe department of vintage pieces that had suffered dry rot or other damage.<ref name=wilson>Template:Cite news</ref> During this time, Love became interested in vintage fashion.<ref name=wilson/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She subsequently returned to Portland, where she formed short-lived musical projects with her friends Ursula Wehr and Robin Barbur (namely Sugar Babylon, later known as Sugar Babydoll).Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn Love briefly fronted Faith no More for their first TV appearance in 1984: she sang with a Siouxsie Sioux-style vocal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After meeting Kat Bjelland at the Satyricon nightclub in 1984, the two formed the group the Pagan Babies.Template:Sfn Love asked Bjelland to start the band with her as a guitarist, and the two moved to San Francisco in June 1985, where they recruited bassist Jennifer Finch and drummer Janis Tanaka.<ref name=garis>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Bjelland, "[Courtney] didn't play an instrument at the time" aside from keyboards, so Bjelland would transcribe Love's musical ideas on guitar for her.<ref name="etrue" /> The group played several house shows and recorded one 4-track demo before disbanding in late 1985.<ref name=garis/>Template:Sfn
Love has stated that she underwent a rhinoplasty at the age of 20, and that the procedure helped her career.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
After Pagan Babies, Love moved to Minneapolis, where Bjelland had formed the group Babes in Toyland, and briefly worked as a concert promoter before returning to California.<ref name="etrue" /> Drummer Lori Barbero recalled Love's time in Minneapolis: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
She lived in my house for a little while. And then we did a concert at the Orpheum. It was in 1988. It was called O-88 with Butthole Surfers, Cows & Bastards, Run Westy Run, and Babes in Toyland. And I guess Maureen [Herman] took Courtney to the airport after she stole all the money. She stayed and stayed, and then the next day she wanted me to take her to the airport. And so I drove her to the airport. She had just had some weird fight with the guy at the desk, and then she left. She said, "I'm going to go to L.A. and I'm going to get my face done and I'm going to be famous." And then she did.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
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Deciding to shift her focus to acting, Love enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institute<ref name="Auto9L-26">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and studied film under experimental director George Kuchar,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="kuchar2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> featuring in one of his short films, Club Vatican.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="kuchar1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="kuchar3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She also took experimental theater courses in Oakland taught by Whoopi Goldberg.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1985, Love submitted an audition tape for the role of Nancy Spungen in the Sid Vicious biopic Sid and Nancy (1986) and was given a minor supporting role by director Alex Cox.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After filming Sid and Nancy in New York City, she worked at a peep show in Times Square and squatted at the ABC No Rio social center and Pyramid Club in the East Village.<ref name="scordelis">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn That year, Cox cast her in a leading role in his film Straight to Hell (1987),Template:Sfn a Spaghetti Western starring Joe Strummer, Dennis Hopper, and Grace Jones, shot in Spain in 1986.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The film was poorly reviewed by critics,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but it caught the attention of Andy Warhol, who featured Love in an episode of Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for "I Wanna Be Sedated", appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>Template:Sfn<ref name=oxford>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Displeased by the "celebutante" fame she had attained, Love abandoned her acting career in 1988 and resumed work as a stripper in Oregon, where she was recognized by customers at a bar in the small town of McMinnville.Template:Sfn This prompted Love to go into isolation and relocate to Anchorage, Alaska, where she lived for three months to "gather her thoughts", supporting herself by working at a strip club frequented by local fishermen.Template:Sfn "I decided to move to Alaska because I needed to get my shit together and learn how to work", she said in retrospect. "So I went on this sort of vision quest. I got rid of all my earthly possessions. I had my bad little strip clothes and some big sweaters, and I moved into a trailer with a bunch of other strippers."Template:Sfn
1988–1991: Beginnings of HoleEdit
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At the end of 1988, Love taught herself to play guitar and relocated to Los Angeles,Template:Sfn where she placed an ad in a local music zine: "I want to start a band. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac."Template:Sfn By 1989, Love had recruited guitarist Eric Erlandson; bassist Lisa Roberts, her neighbor; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.<ref name="first" /> Love named the band Hole after a line from Euripides' MedeaTemplate:Sfn ("There is a hole that pierces right through me")<ref name=france>Template:Cite journal Template:Free access</ref> and a conversation in which her mother told her that she could not live her life "with a hole running through her".Template:Sfn On July 23, 1989, Love married Leaving Trains vocalist James Moreland in Las Vegas;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:Closed access</ref> the marriage was annulled the same year.<ref name=nyrock>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She later said that Moreland was a transvestite and that they had married "as a joke".Template:Sfn After forming Hole, Love and Erlandson had a romantic relationship that lasted over a year.Template:Sfn
In Hole's formative stages, Love continued to work at strip clubs in Hollywood (including Jumbo's Clown Room and the Seventh Veil),Template:Sfn saving money to purchase backline equipment and a touring van,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while rehearsing at a Hollywood studio loaned to her by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.<ref name=opie /> Hole played their first show in November 1989 at Raji's, a rock club in central Hollywood.Template:Sfn Their debut single, "Retard Girl", was issued in April 1990 through the Long Beach indie label Sympathy for the Record Industry and was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on local rock station KROQ.<ref name="etrue" /> Hole appeared on the cover of Flipside, a Los Angeles-based punk fanzine.<ref name="first" /> In early 1991, they released their second single, "Dicknail", through Sub Pop Records.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
{{#invoke:Listen|main}} With no wave, noise rock, and grindcore bands being major influences on Love,<ref name="first" /> Hole's first studio album, Pretty on the Inside, captured an abrasive sound and contained disturbing, graphic lyrics,<ref name=tunes>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=condran>Template:Cite news</ref> described by Q as "confrontational [and] genuinely uninhibited".<ref name="Q">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The record was released in September 1991 on Caroline Records, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth with assistant production from Gumball's Don Fleming; Love and Gordon had met when Hole opened for Sonic Youth during their promotional tour for Goo at the Whisky a Go Go in November 1990.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In early 1991, Love sent Gordon a personal letter asking her to produce the record for the band, to which she agreed.<ref name=condran/>Template:Sfn
Pretty on the Inside received generally positive critical reception from indie and punk rock criticsTemplate:Sfn and was named one of the 20 best albums of the year by Spin.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It gained a following in the United Kingdom, charting at 59 on the UK Albums Chart,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and its lead single, "Teenage Whore", entered the UK Indie Chart at number one.<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> The album's feminist slant led many to tag the band as part of the riot grrrl movement,Template:Sfn a movement with which Love did not associate.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Sfn The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they opened for the Smashing Pumpkins,<ref name="cromelin" /> and performed at CBGB in New York City.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
During the tour, Love briefly dated Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy CorganTemplate:Sfn and then the Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.<ref name=cross>Template:Cite news</ref> The journalist Michael Azerrad states that Love and Cobain met in 1989 at the Satyricon nightclub in Portland, Oregon. However, the Cobain biographer Charles Cross gives the date as February 12, 1990; Cross said that Cobain playfully wrestled Love to the floor after she said that he looked like Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum.Template:Sfn According to Love, she met Cobain at a Dharma Bums show in Portland,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn while Love's bandmate Eric Erlandson said that he and Love were introduced to Cobain in a parking lot after a concert at the Hollywood Palladium on May 17, 1991.Template:Sfn In late 1991, Love and Cobain became re-acquainted through Jennifer Finch, one of Love's friends and former bandmates.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Love and Cobain were a couple by 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1992–1995: Marriage to Kurt Cobain, Live Through This and breakthroughEdit
Shortly after completing the tour for Pretty on the Inside, Love married Cobain on Waikiki Beach on February 24, 1992.<ref name=encore/> She wore a satin and lace dress once owned by the actress Frances Farmer, and Cobain wore plaid pajamas.Template:Sfn During Love's pregnancy, Hole recorded a cover of "Over the Edge" for a Wipers tribute album,<ref>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref> and recorded their fourth single, "Beautiful Son", which was released in April 1993. On August 18, 1992, the couple's only child, a daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, was born in Los Angeles.<ref name="encore">Template:Cite magazine</ref> They relocated to Carnation, Washington, and then Seattle.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn
Love's first major media exposure came in a September 1992 profile with Cobain for Vanity Fair by Lynn Hirschberg, entitled "Strange Love".Template:Sfn Cobain had become a major public figure following the surprise success of Nirvana's album Nevermind.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love was urged by her manager to participate in the cover story.Template:Sfn During the prior year, Love and Cobain had developed a heroin addiction; the profile portrayed them in an unflattering light, and suggested that Love had been addicted to heroin during her pregnancy.Template:Sfn The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services investigated, and custody of Frances was temporarily awarded to Love's sister Jaimee.Template:Sfn Love said she was misquoted by Hirschberg, and that she had immediately quit heroin during her first trimester once she discovered she was pregnant.Template:Sfn<ref name="lbarton">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=RSQuote>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Love later said the article had serious implications for her marriage and Cobain's mental state,Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn suggesting it was a factor in his suicide two years later.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On September 8, 1993, Love and Cobain made their only public performance together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Hollywood, performing two acoustic duets of "Pennyroyal Tea" and "Where Did You Sleep Last Night".<ref name="rar">Template:Cite journal Template:Free access</ref> Love also performed electric versions of two new Hole songs, "Doll Parts" and "Miss World", both written for their upcoming second album.<ref name="rar" /> In October 1993, Hole recorded their second album, Live Through This, in Atlanta. The album featured a new lineup with bassist Kristen Pfaff and drummer Patty Schemel.Template:Sfn
In April 1994, Cobain killed himself in the Seattle home he shared with Love, who was in rehab in Los Angeles at the time.Template:Sfn In the following months, Love was rarely seen in public, staying at her home with friends and family.<ref name="tour" /> Cobain's remains were cremated and his ashes divided into portions by Love, who kept some in a teddy bear and some in an urn.<ref name="tour">Template:Cite news</ref> In June, she traveled to the Namgyal Buddhist Monastery in Ithaca, New York and had Cobain's ashes ceremonially blessed by Buddhist monks. Another portion was mixed into clay and made into memorial sculptures.<ref name="tour" />
Live Through This was released one week after Cobain's death, on Geffen's subsidiary label DGC.Template:Sfn On June 16, Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in Seattle.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> For Hole's impending tour, Love recruited the Canadian bassist Melissa Auf der Maur.Template:Sfn Hole's performance on August 26, 1994, at the Reading Festival—Love's first public performance following Cobain's death<ref name="aaron spin">Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Sfn—was described by MTV as "by turns macabre, frightening and inspirational".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> John Peel wrote in The Guardian that Love's disheveled appearance "would have drawn whistles of astonishment in Bedlam", and that her performance "verged on the heroic ... Love steered her band through a set which dared you to pity either her recent history or that of the band ... The band teetered on the edge of chaos, generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage."Template:Sfn
Live Through This was certified platinum in April 1995 and received numerous accolades.Template:Sfn The success combined with Cobain's suicide produced publicity for Love, and she was featured on Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People in 1995.Template:Sfn Her erratic onstage behavior and various legal troubles during Hole's tour compounded the media coverage of her.<ref name="strauss">Template:Cite news</ref> Hole performed a series of riotous concerts over the following year, with Love frequently appearing hysterical onstage, flashing crowds, stage diving, and getting into fights with audience members.<ref name="aaron spin" /><ref name=smith>Template:Cite magazine</ref> One journalist reported that at the band's show in Boston in December 1994: "Love interrupted the music and talked about her deceased husband Kurt Cobain, and also broke out into Tourette syndrome-like rants. The music was great, but the raving was vulgar and offensive, and prompted some of the audience to shout back at her."<ref name=boston>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In January 1995, Love was arrested in Melbourne for disrupting a Qantas flight after getting into an argument with a flight attendant.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On July 4, 1995, at the Lollapalooza Festival in George, Washington, Love threw a lit cigarette at musician Kathleen Hanna before punching her in the face, alleging that she had made a joke about her daughter.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> She pleaded guilty to an assault charge and was sentenced to anger management classes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 1995, two male teenagers sued Love for allegedly punching them during a Hole concert in Orlando, Florida in March 1995. The judge dismissed the case on grounds that the teens "weren't exposed to any greater amount of violence than could reasonably be expected at an alternative rock concert".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love later said she had little memory of 1994 and 1995,<ref name=opie /> as she had been using large quantities of heroin and Rohypnol at the time.<ref name=opie>Template:Cite interview</ref>Template:Sfn
1996–2002: Acting success and Celebrity SkinEdit
After Hole's world tour concluded in 1996, Love made a return to acting, first in small roles in the Jean-Michel Basquiat biopic Basquiat and the drama Feeling Minnesota (1996),Template:Sfn and then a starring role as Larry Flynt's wife Althea in Miloš Forman's critically acclaimed 1996 film The People vs. Larry Flynt. Love went through rehabilitation and quit using heroin at the insistence of Forman; she was ordered to take multiple urine tests under the supervision of Columbia Pictures while filming, and passed all of them.<ref name="ic" />Template:Sfn Despite Columbia Pictures' initial reluctance to hire Love due to her troubled past,<ref name="ic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> her performance received acclaim, earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress,Template:Sfn and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Critic Roger Ebert called her work in the film "quite a performance; Love proves she is not a rock star pretending to act, but a true actress."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She won several other awards from various film critic associations for the film.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn During this time, Love maintained what the media noted as a more decorous public image,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and she appeared in ad campaigns for Versace<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and in a Vogue Italia spread.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following the release of The People vs. Larry Flynt, she dated her co-star Edward Norton, with whom she remained until 1999.<ref name="actually">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ed">Template:Cite news</ref>
In late 1997, Hole released the compilations My Body, the Hand Grenade and The First Session, both of which featured previously recorded material. Love attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen at a party; the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In September 1998, Hole released their third studio album, Celebrity Skin, which featured a stark power pop sound that contrasted with their earlier punk influences.<ref name="int" /> Love divulged her ambition of making an album where "art meets commerce ... there are no compromises made, it has commercial appeal, and it sticks to [our] original vision."<ref name="int" /> She said she was influenced by Neil Young, Fleetwood Mac, and My Bloody Valentine when writing the album.<ref name="int">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>Template:Sfn Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan co-wrote several songs. Celebrity Skin was well received by critics; Rolling Stone called it "accessible, fiery and intimate—often at the same time ... a basic guitar record that's anything but basic."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Celebrity Skin went multi-platinum, and topped "Best of Year" lists at Spin and The Village Voice.Template:Sfn It garnered Hole's only number-one single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with "Celebrity Skin".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Hole promoted the album through MTV performances and at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and were nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 41st Grammy Awards ceremony.<ref name="grammy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Before the release of Celebrity Skin, Love and Fender designed a low-priced Squier brand guitar, the Vista Venus.<ref name="hole tones">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The instrument featured a shape inspired by Mercury, a little-known independent guitar manufacturer,Template:Sfn Stratocaster, and Rickenbacker's solid body guitars. It had a single-coil and a humbucker pickup and was available in 6-string and 12-string versions.Template:Sfn In an early 1999 interview, Love said about the Venus: "I wanted a guitar that sounded really warm and pop, but which required just one box to go dirty ... And something that could also be your first band guitar. I didn't want it all teched out. I wanted it real simple, with just one pickup switch."<ref name="hole tones" />
Hole toured with Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour in 1999, but dropped out after nine performances; Love and Manson disagreed over production costs, and Hole was forced to open for Manson under an agreement with Interscope Records.<ref name="99x">Template:Cite interview</ref> Hole resumed touring with Imperial Teen.<ref name="MTV Hole Walks Out">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love later said Hole also abandoned the tour due to Manson and Korn's (whom they also toured with in Australia) sexualized treatment of teenage female audience members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love told interviewers at 99X.FM in Atlanta: "What I really don't like—there are certain girls that like us, or like me, who are really messed up ... they're very young, and they do not need to be taken and raped, or filmed having enema contests ... [they were] going out into the audience and picking up fourteen and fifteen-year-old girls who obviously cut themselves, and then [I had] to see them in the morning ... it's just uncool."<ref name="99x" />
In 1999, Love was awarded an Orville H. Gibson award for Best Female Rock Guitarist.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During this time, she starred opposite Jim Carrey as his partner Lynne Margulies in the Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon (1999), followed by a role as William S. Burroughs's wife Joan Vollmer in Beat (2000) alongside Kiefer Sutherland.Template:Sfn Love was cast as the lead in John Carpenter's sci-fi horror film Ghosts of Mars, but backed out after injuring her foot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She sued the ex-wife of her then-boyfriend, James Barber, whom Love alleged had caused the injury by running over her foot with her Volvo.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The following year, she returned to film opposite Lili Taylor in Julie Johnson (2001), in which she played a woman who has a lesbian relationship; Love won an Outstanding Actress award at L.A.'s Outfest.<ref name="outfest">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was then cast in the thriller Trapped (2002), alongside Kevin Bacon and Charlize Theron.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The film was a box-office flop.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the interim, Hole had become dormant.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In March 2001, Love began a "punk rock femme supergroup", Bastard, enlisting Schemel, Veruca Salt co-frontwoman Louise Post, and bassist Gina Crosley.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Post recalled: "[Love] was like, 'Listen, you guys: I've been in my Malibu, manicure, movie-star world for two years, alright? I wanna make a record. And let's leave all that grunge shit behind us, eh? We were being so improvisational, and singing together, and with a trust developing between us. It was the shit."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The group recorded a demo tape, but by September 2001, Post and Crosley had left, with Post citing "unhealthy and unprofessional working conditions".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In May 2002, Hole announced their breakup amid continuing litigation with Universal Music Group over their record contract.<ref>Template:Cite journal Template:Free access</ref>
In 1997, Love and former Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl formed a limited liability company, Nirvana LLC, to manage Nirvana's business dealings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In June 2001, Love filed a lawsuit to dissolve it, blocking the release of unreleased Nirvana material and delaying the release of the Nirvana compilation With the Lights Out. Grohl and Novoselic sued Love, calling her "irrational, mercurial, self-centered, unmanageable, inconsistent and unpredictable".<ref name="Grow">Template:Cite magazine</ref> She responded with a letter stating that "Kurt Cobain was Nirvana" and that she and his family were the "rightful heirs" to the Nirvana legacy.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
2003–2008: Solo work and legal troublesEdit
In February 2003, Love was arrested at Heathrow Airport for disrupting a flight and was banned from Virgin Airlines.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October, she was arrested in Los Angeles after breaking several windows of her producer and then-boyfriend James Barber's home and was charged with being under the influence of a controlled substance;<ref name="smolowe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the ordeal resulted in her temporarily losing custody of her daughter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
After the breakup of Hole, Love began composing material with songwriter Linda Perry, and in July 2003 signed a contract with Virgin Records.<ref name="vineyard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She began recording her debut solo album, America's Sweetheart, in France shortly after.Template:Sfn Virgin Records released America's Sweetheart in February 2004; it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Charles Aaron of Spin called it a "jaw-dropping act of artistic will and a fiery, proper follow-up to 1994's Live Through This" and awarded it eight out of ten,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while Amy Phillips of The Village Voice wrote: "[Love is] willing to act out the dream of every teenage brat who ever wanted to have a glamorous, high-profile hissyfit, and she turns those egocentric nervous breakdowns into art. Sure, the art becomes less compelling when you've been pulling the same stunts for a decade. But, honestly, is there anybody out there who fucks up better?"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album sold fewer than 100,000 copies.Template:Sfn Love later expressed regret over the record,<ref name=bozza>Template:Cite news</ref> blaming her drug problems at the time.<ref name=jazz>Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly after it was released, she told Kurt Loder on TRL: "I cannot exist as a solo artist. It's a joke."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On March 17, 2004, Love appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote America's Sweetheart.<ref name=sanneh/> Her appearance drew media coverage when she lifted her shirt multiple times,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> flashed Letterman, and stood on his desk.<ref name=sanneh>Template:Cite news</ref> The New York Times wrote: "The episode was not altogether surprising for Ms. Love, 39, whose most public moments have veered from extreme pathos—like the time she read the suicide note of her famous husband, Kurt Cobain, on MTV—to angry feminism to catfights to incoherent ranting."<ref name=dewan>Template:Cite news</ref> Hours later, in the early morning of March 18, Love was arrested in Manhattan for allegedly striking a fan with a microphone stand during a small concert in the East Village.<ref name=dewan/> She was released within hours and performed a scheduled concert the following evening at the Bowery Ballroom.<ref name=dewan/> Four days later, she called in multiple times to The Howard Stern Show, claiming in broadcast conversations with Stern that the incident had not occurred, and that actress Natasha Lyonne, who was at the concert, was told by the alleged victim that he had been paid $10,000 to file a false claim leading to Love's arrest.<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On July 9, 2004, her 40th birthday, Love was arrested for failing to make a court appearance for the March 2004 charges, and taken to Bellevue Hospital, allegedly incoherent, where she was placed on a 72-hour watch.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> According to police, she was believed to be a potential danger to herself, but deemed mentally sound and released to a rehab facility two days later.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amidst public criticism and press coverage, comedian Margaret Cho published an opinion piece, "Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists", arguing that negative associations of Love with her drug and personal problems (including from feminists) overshadowed her music and wellbeing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love pleaded guilty in October 2004 to disorderly conduct over the incident in East Village.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Love's appearance as a roaster on the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson in August 2005, in which she appeared intoxicated and disheveled, attracted further media attention.<ref name=heffernan>Template:Cite news</ref> One review said that Love "acted as if she belonged in an institution".<ref name=heffernan/> Six days after the broadcast, Love was sentenced to a 28-day lockdown rehab program for being under the influence of a controlled substance, violating her probation.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> To avoid jail time, she accepted an additional 180-day rehab sentence in September 2005.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2005, after completing the program, Love was discharged from the rehab center under the provision that she complete further outpatient rehab.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In subsequent interviews, Love said she had been addicted to substances including prescription drugs, cocaine, and crack cocaine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She said she had been sober since completing rehabilitation in 2007, and cited her Soka Gakkai Buddhist practice (which she began in 1988)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as integral to her sobriety.<ref name="drugfreak">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn
In the midst of her legal troubles, Love had endeavors in writing and publishing. She co-wrote a semi-autobiographical manga, Princess Ai (Japanese: プリンセス·アイ物語), with Stu Levy, illustrated by Misaho Kujiradou and Ai Yazawa; it was released in three volumes in the United States and Japan between 2004 and 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn In 2006, Love published a memoir, Dirty Blonde, and began recording her second solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean,Template:Sfn collaborating again with Perry and Billy Corgan. Love had written several songs, including an anti-cocaine song titled "Loser Dust", during her time in rehab in 2005.<ref name="readytorock">Template:Cite magazine</ref> She told Billboard: "My hand-eye coordination was so bad [after the drug use], I didn't even know chords anymore. It was like my fingers were frozen. And I wasn't allowed to make noise [in rehab] ... I never thought I would work again."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Tracks and demos for the album leaked online in 2006, and a documentary, The Return of Courtney Love, detailing the making of the album, aired on the British television network More4 in the fall of that year. A rough acoustic version of "Never Go Hungry Again", recorded during an interview for The Times in November, was also released. Incomplete audio clips of the song "Samantha", originating from an interview with NPR, were distributed on the internet in 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2009–2012: Hole revival and visual artEdit
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In March 2009, fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir brought a libel suit against Love concerning a defamatory post Love made on her Twitter account,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was eventually settled for $450,000.<ref name="sim">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Several months later, in June 2009, NME published an article detailing Love's plan to reunite Hole and release a new album, Nobody's Daughter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In response, former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson stated in Spin magazine that contractually no reunion could take place without his involvement; therefore Nobody's Daughter would remain Love's solo record, as opposed to a "Hole" record.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love responded to Erlandson's comments in a Twitter post, claiming "he's out of his mind, Hole is my band, my name, and my Trademark".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Nobody's Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27, 2010. For the new line-up, Love recruited guitarist Micko Larkin, Shawn Dailey (bass guitar), and Stu Fisher (drums, percussion). Nobody's Daughter featured material written and recorded for Love's unfinished solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean, including "Pacific Coast Highway", "Letter to God", "Samantha", and "Never Go Hungry", although they were re-produced in the studio with Larkin and engineer Michael Beinhorn.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album's subject matter was largely centered on Love's tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007, and featured a polished folk rock sound, and more acoustic guitar work than previous Hole albums.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The first single from Nobody's Daughter was "Skinny Little Bitch", released to promote the album in March 2010.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The album received mixed reviews.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Robert Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five, saying Love "worked hard on these songs, instead of just babbling a bunch of druggy bullshit and assuming people would buy it, the way she did on her 2004 flop, America's Sweetheart".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album three out of five: "It's Marianne Faithfull's substance-ravaged voice that comes to mind most often while listening to songs like 'Honey' and 'For Once in Your Life'. The latter track is, in fact, one of Love's most raw and vulnerable vocal performances to date ... the song offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a woman who, for the last 15 years, has been as famous for being a rock star as she's been for being a victim."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love and the band toured internationally from 2010 into late 2012 promoting the record, with their pre-release shows in London and at South by Southwest receiving critical acclaim.<ref name=bozza/> In 2011, Love participated in Hit So Hard, a documentary chronicling bandmate Schemel's time in Hole.<ref name=unlisten>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In May 2012, Love debuted an art collection at Fred Torres Collaborations in New York titled "And She's Not Even Pretty",<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which contained over 40 drawings and paintings by Love composed in ink, colored pencil, pastels, and watercolors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later in the year, she collaborated with Michael Stipe on the track "Rio Grande" for Johnny Depp's sea shanty album Son of Rogues Gallery,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and in 2013, co-wrote and contributed vocals on "Rat A Tat" from Fall Out Boy's album Save Rock and Roll, also appearing in the song's music video.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2013–2015: Return to acting; libel lawsuitsEdit
After dropping the Hole name and performing as a solo artist<ref name="war">Template:Cite magazine</ref> in late 2012,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love appeared in spring 2013 advertisements for Yves Saint Laurent alongside Kim Gordon and Ariel Pink.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love completed a solo tour of North America in mid-2013,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="2013tour">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was purported to be in promotion of an upcoming solo album; however, it was ultimately dubbed a "greatest hits" tour, and featured songs from Love's and Hole's back catalogue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Love told Billboard at the time that she had recorded eight songs in the studio.<ref name="USAtoday">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Love was subject of a second landmark libel lawsuit brought against her in January 2014 by her former attorney Rhonda Holmes, who accused Love of online defamation, seeking $8 million in damages.<ref name="knoll">Template:Cite news</ref> It was the first case of alleged Twitter-based libel in U.S. history to make it to trial.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The jury, however, found in Love's favor.<ref name="knoll" /> A subsequent defamation lawsuit filed by fashion designer Simorangkir in February 2014, however, resulted in Love being ordered to pay a further $350,000 in recompense.<ref name="sim" />
On April 22, 2014, Love debuted the song "You Know My Name" on BBC Radio 6 to promote her tour of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was released as a double A-side single with the song "Wedding Day" on May 4, 2014, on her own label Cherry Forever Records via Kobalt Label Services.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The tracks were produced by Michael Beinhorn, and feature Tommy Lee on drums.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an interview with the BBC, Love revealed that she and former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson had reconciled, and had been rehearsing new material together, along with former bassist Melissa Auf der Maur and drummer Patty Schemel, though she did not confirm a reunion of the band.<ref name="garvey">Template:Cite interview</ref> On May 1, 2014, in an interview with Pitchfork, Love commented further on the possibility of Hole reuniting, saying: "I'm not going to commit to it happening, because we want an element of surprise. There's a lot of is to be dotted and ts to be crossed."<ref name="pitchfork">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Love was cast in several television series in supporting parts throughout 2014, including the FX series Sons of Anarchy,<ref name="anarchy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Revenge,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Lee Daniels' network series Empire in a recurring guest role as Elle Dallas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The track "Walk Out on Me", featuring Love, was included on the Empire: Original Soundtrack from Season 1 album, which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Alexis Petridis of The Guardian praised the track, saying: "The idea of Courtney Love singing a ballad with a group of gospel singers seems faintly terrifying ... The reality is brilliant. Love's voice fits the careworn lyrics, effortlessly summoning the kind of ravaged darkness that Lana Del Rey nearly ruptures herself trying to conjure up."<ref name="empire21">Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2015, Love starred in a New York City stage production, Kansas City Choir Boy, a "pop opera" conceived by and co-starring Todd Almond.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Charles Isherwood of The New York Times praised her performance, noting a "soft-edged and bewitching" stage presence, and wrote: "Her voice, never the most supple or rangy of instruments, retains the singular sound that made her an electrifying front woman for the band Hole: a single sustained noted can seem to simultaneously contain a plea, a wound and a threat."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The show toured later in the year, with performances in Boston and Los Angeles.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2015, the journalist Anthony Bozza sued Love, alleging a contractual violation regarding his co-writing of her memoir.<ref name="love denies">Template:Cite news</ref> Love performed as the opening act for Lana Del Rey on her Endless Summer Tour for eight West Coast shows in May and June 2015.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> During her tenure, Love debuted the single "Miss Narcissist", released on Wavves' independent label Ghost Ramp.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was also cast in a supporting role in James Franco's film The Long Home, based on the novel by William Gay, her first film role in over ten years;<ref name="home">Template:Cite magazine</ref> as of 2022, it remains unreleased.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2016–present: Fashion and forthcoming musicEdit
In January 2016, Love released a clothing line in collaboration with Sophia Amoruso, "Love, Courtney", featuring 18 pieces reflecting her personal style.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2016, she began filming the pilot for A Midsummer's Nightmare, a Shakespeare anthology series adapted for Lifetime.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She starred as Kitty Menendez in Menendez: Blood Brothers, a biopic television film based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2017.<ref name=wagmeister>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2017, Love accompanied the museum director Nicholas Cullinan to the GQ Men of the Year awards at the Tate Modern, calling him her "soulmate" and her "family for life".<ref name="Batty 2024">Template:Cite news</ref>
In October 2017, shortly after the Harvey Weinstein scandal made news, a 2005 video of Love warning young actresses about Weinstein went viral.<ref name=usaweinstein>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the footage, while on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, Love was asked by Natasha Leggero if she had any advice for "a young girl moving to Hollywood"; she responded, "If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons [hotel], don't go."<ref name=usaweinstein/> She later tweeted, "Although I wasn't one of his victims, I was eternally banned by [Creative Artists Agency] for speaking out."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the same year, Love was cast in Justin Kelly's biopic JT LeRoy, portraying a film producer opposite Laura Dern.<ref name=leroy>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In March 2018, she appeared in the music video for Marilyn Manson's "Tattooed in Reverse",<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and in April she appeared as a guest judge on RuPaul's Drag Race.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In December, Love was awarded a restraining order against Sam Lutfi, who had acted as her manager for the previous six years, alleging verbal abuse and harassment.<ref name="sam" /> Her daughter, Frances, and sister, Jaimee, were also awarded restraining orders against Lutfi.<ref name="sam">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2019, a Los Angeles County judge extended the three-year order to five years, citing Lutfi's tendency to "prey upon people".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
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On August 18, 2019, Love performed a solo set at the Yola Día festival in Los Angeles, which also featured performances by Cat Power and Lykke Li.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On September 9, Love garnered press attention when she publicly criticized Joss Sackler, an heiress to the Sackler family OxyContin fortune, after she allegedly offered Love $100,000 to attend her fashion show during New York Fashion Week.<ref name=sackler>Template:Cite news</ref> In the same statement, Love indicated that she had relapsed into opioid addiction in 2018, stating that she had recently celebrated a year of sobriety.<ref name=sackler/> In October 2019, Love relocated from Los Angeles to London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On November 21, 2019, Love recorded the song "Mother", written and produced by Lawrence Rothman, as part of the soundtrack for the horror film The Turning (2020).<ref name="kerrang">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2020, she received the Icon Award at the NME Awards; NME described her as "one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years".<ref name="icon">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following month, she confirmed she was writing a new record which she described as "really sad ... [I'm] writing in minor chords, and that appeals to my sadness."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In March 2021, Love said she had been hospitalized with acute anemia in August 2020, which had nearly killed her and reduced her weight to Template:Convert; she made a full recovery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In August 2022, Love revealed the completion of her memoir, The Girl with the Most Cake, after a nearly ten-year period of writing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Love is featured as a guest vocalist on the track "Song to the Siren" by rapper 070 Shake, from her studio album Petrichor, which was released on November 15, 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ArtistryEdit
InfluencesEdit
Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences, the earliest being Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, artists she discovered while in juvenile hall as a young teenager.Template:Sfn As a child, her first exposure to music was records that her parents received each month through Columbia Record Club.<ref name=firsttime>Template:Cite interview</ref> The first record Love owned was Leonard Cohen's Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), which she obtained from her mother: "He was so lyric-conscious and morbid, and I was a pretty morbid kid", she recalled.<ref name=firsttime/> As a teenager, she named Flipper, Kate Bush, Soft Cell, Joni Mitchell, Laura Nyro,Template:Sfn Lou Reed, and Dead Kennedys among her favorite artists.Template:Sfn While in Dublin at age fifteen, Love attended a Virgin Prunes concert, an event she credited as being a pivotal influence: "I had never seen so much sex, snarl, poetry, evil, restraint, grace, filth, raw power and the very essence of rock and roll", she recalled. "[I had seen] U2 [who] gave me lashes of love and inspiration, and a few nights later the Virgin Prunes fuckedTemplate:En dashmeTemplate:En dashup."<ref name=atkinson>Template:Cite news</ref> Decades later, in 2009, Love introduced the band's frontman Gavin Friday at a Carnegie Hall event, and performed a song with him.<ref name=atkinson/>
Though often associated with punk music, Love has noted that her most significant musical influences have been post-punk and new wave artists.<ref name=bell>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Commenting in 2021, Love said: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
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{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }} Over the years, Love has also named several other new wave and post-punk bands as influences, including the Smiths,<ref name="loder">Template:Cite interview</ref> Siouxsie and the Banshees,Template:Sfn Television,Template:Sfn and Bauhaus.<ref name="loder"/>
Love's diverse genre interests were illustrated in a 1991 interview with Flipside, in which she stated: "There's a part of me that wants to have a grindcore band and another that wants to have a Raspberries-type pop band."<ref name="first">Template:Cite journal</ref> Discussing the abrasive sound of Hole's debut album, she said she felt she had to "catch up with all my hip peers who'd gone all indie on me, and who made fun of me for liking R.E.M. and The Smiths."Template:Sfn She has also embraced the influence of experimental artists and punk rock groups, including Sonic Youth, Swans,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Big Black, Diamanda Galás,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Germs, and the Stooges.<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref> While writing Celebrity Skin, she drew influence from Neil Young and My Bloody Valentine.<ref name="int" /> She has also cited her contemporary PJ Harvey as an influence, saying: "The one rock star that makes me know I'm shit is Polly Harvey. I'm nothing next to the purity that she experiences."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Literature and poetry have often been a major influence on her songwriting; Love said she had "always wanted to be a poet, but there was no money in it."<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref> She has named the works of T. S. Eliot and Charles Baudelaire as influential,<ref name="superrock">Template:Cite interview</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and referenced works by Dante Rossetti,Template:Sfn William Shakespeare,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Rudyard Kipling, and Anne Sexton in her lyrics.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Musical style and lyricsEdit
Musically, Love's work with Hole and her solo efforts have been characterized as alternative rock;Template:Sfn Hole's early material, however, was described by critics as being stylistically closer to grindcore and aggressive punk rock.Template:Sfn SpinTemplate:'s October 1991 review of Hole's first album noted Love's layering of harsh and abrasive riffs buried more sophisticated musical arrangements.<ref name="oct91">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1998, she stated that Hole had "always been a pop band. We always had a subtext of pop. I always talked about it, if you go back ... what'll sound like some weird Sonic Youth tuning back then to you was sounding like the Raspberries to me, in my demented pop framework."<ref name="int" />
Love's lyrics are composed from a female's point of view,<ref name=reynolds>Template:Cite news</ref> and her lyrics have been described as "literate and mordant"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and noted by scholars for "articulating a third-wave feminist consciousness."<ref name="morris">Template:Cite journal Template:Small</ref> Simon Reynolds, in reviewing Hole's debut album, noted: "Ms. Love's songs explore the full spectrum of female emotions, from vulnerability to rage. The songs are fueled by adolescent traumas, feelings of disgust about the body, passionate friendships with women and the desire to escape domesticity. Her lyrical style could be described as emotional nudism."<ref name=reynolds/> Journalist and critic Kim France, in critiquing Love's lyrics, referred to her as a "dark genius" and likened her work to that of Anne Sexton.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Love has remarked that lyrics have always been the most important component of songwriting for her: "The important thing for me ... is it has to look good on the page. I mean, you can love Led Zeppelin and not love their lyrics ... but I made a big effort in my career to have what's on the page mean something."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Common themes present in Love's lyrics during her early career included body image, rape, suicide, conformity, pregnancy, prostitution, and death.<ref name="levin">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn In a 1991 interview with Everett True, she said: "I try to place [beautiful imagery] next to fucked up imagery, because that's how I view things ... I sometimes feel that no one's taken the time to write about certain things in rock, that there's a certain female point of view that's never been given space."<ref name="sidelines">Template:Cite news Template:Small.</ref>
Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Celebrity Skin and America's Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life, Hollywood, and drug addiction, while continuing Love's interest in vanity and body image. Nobody's Daughter was lyrically reflective of Love's past relationships and her struggle for sobriety, with the majority of its lyrics written while she was in rehab in 2006.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
PerformanceEdit
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Love has a contralto vocal range.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Love, she never wanted to be a singer, but rather aspired to be a skilled guitarist: "I'm such a lazy bastard though that I never did that", she said. "I was always the only person with the nerve to sing, and so I got stuck with it."<ref name="superrock" /> She has been regularly noted by critics for her husky vocals as well as her "banshee [-like]" screaming abilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Her vocals have been compared to those of Johnny Rotten,<ref name="rotten">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and David Fricke of Rolling Stone described them as "lung-busting" and "a corrosive, lunatic wail".<ref name="rotten" /> Upon the release of Hole's 2010 album, Nobody's Daughter, Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork compared Love's raspy, unpolished vocals to those of Bob Dylan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Love at number 130 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
She has played a variety of Fender guitars throughout her career, including a Jaguar and a vintage 1965 Jazzmaster; the latter was purchased by the Hard Rock Cafe and is on display in New York City.<ref name="jazzmaster">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 1989 and 1991, Love primarily played a Rickenbacker 425Template:Sfn because she "preferred the 3/4 neck",<ref name="hole tones" /> but she destroyed the guitar onstage at a 1991 concert opening for the Smashing Pumpkins.<ref name="cromelin">Template:Cite news</ref> In the mid-1990s, she often played a guitar made by Mercury, an obscure company that manufactured custom guitars,Template:Sfn as well as a Univox Hi-Flier.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fender's Vista Venus, designed by Love in 1998, was partially inspired by Rickenbacker guitars as well as her Mercury.Template:Sfn During tours after the release of Nobody's Daughter (post-2010), Love has played a Rickenbacker 360 onstage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her setup has included Fender tube gear, Matchless, Ampeg, Silvertone and a solid-state 1976 Randall Commander.<ref name="hole tones" />
Love has referred to herself as "a shit guitar player", further commenting in a 2014 interview: "I can still write a song, but [the guitar playing] sounds like shit ... I used to be a good rhythm player but I am no longer dependable."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Throughout her career, she has also garnered a reputation for unpredictable live shows.<ref name=smith /> In the 1990s, her performances with Hole were characterized by confrontational behavior, with Love stage diving, smashing guitars<ref name=cromelin /> or throwing them into the audience,<ref name=pattydoc /> wandering into the crowd at the end of sets,<ref name=pattydoc /> and engaging in sometimes incoherent rants.<ref name=boston /> Critics and journalists have noted Love for her comical, often stream-of-consciousness-like stage banter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=powers>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Music journalist Robert Hilburn wrote in 1993 that, "rather than simply scripted patter, Love's comments between songs [have] the natural feel of someone who is sharing her immediate feelings."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a review of a live performance published in 2010, it was noted that Love's onstage "one-liners [were] worthy of the Comedy Store."<ref name=powers />
PhilanthropyEdit
In 1993, Love and husband Kurt Cobain performed an acoustic set together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Los Angeles, which raised awareness and provided resources for victims of sexual abuse.<ref name="rar" /> In 2000, Love publicly advocated for reform of the record industry in a personal letter published by Salon.<ref name="math">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the letter, Love said: "It's not piracy when kids swap music over the Internet using Napster or Gnutella or Freenet or iMesh or beaming their CDs into a My.MP3.com or MyPlay.com music locker. It's piracy when those guys that run those companies make side deals with the cartel lawyers and label heads so that they can be 'the label's friend', and not the artists'."<ref name="math" /> In a subsequent interview with Carrie Fisher, she said that she was interested in starting a union for recording artists,<ref name="fisher" /> and also discussed race relations in the music industry, advocating for record companies to "put money back into the black community [whom] white people have been stealing from for years."<ref name="24 hours">Template:Cite episode</ref>
Love has been a long-standing supporter of LGBT causes.<ref>Template:Cite episode Template:YouTube</ref> She has frequently collaborated with Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, taking part in the center's "An Evening with Women" events.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The proceeds of the event help provide food and shelter for homeless youth; services for seniors; legal assistance; domestic violence services; health and mental health services, and cultural arts programs. Love participated with Linda Perry for the event in 2012, and performed alongside Aimee Mann and comedian Wanda Sykes. Speaking on her collaboration on the event, Love said: "Seven thousand kids in Los Angeles a year go out on the street, and forty percent of those kids are gay, lesbian, or transgender. They come out to their parents, and become homeless ... for whatever reason, I don't really know why, but gay men have a lot of foundations—I've played many of them—but the lesbian side of it doesn't have as much money and/or donors, so we're excited that this has grown to cover women and women's affairs."<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref>
She has also contributed to AIDS organizations, partaking in benefits for amfAR<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the RED Campaign.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In May 2011, she donated six of her husband Cobain's personal vinyl records for auction at Mariska Hargitay's Joyful Heart Foundation event for victims of child abuse, rape, and domestic violence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She has also supported the Sophie Lancaster Foundation as well as Stand For Courage, an anti-bullying organization started by Love's sister.<ref>Template:Cite interviewTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref name="Courage">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2021, Love and creative director and philanthropist Julie Panebianco launched From Her To Eternity, an initiative designed to collect and categorize a physical collection of related music materials that focus on and celebrate the contributions of women to popular music.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The first project of From Her to Eternity was a world-renowned female music photographers´ exhibition titled From Her to Eternity: The Women Who Photograph Music.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The installation was displayed at the corner of S. Wabash Avenue and E. Eight Street in Chicago's South Loop throughout Summer 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The name is a tribute by Love to the late Australian singer-songwriter Anita Lane. Lane was a member of the Birthday Party and Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds who co-wrote the song “From Her To Eternity” with Nick Cave, who's an exhibition supporter alongside Anita Lane's family, Michael Stipe and artist Thomas Dozol.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LegacyEdit
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Love has had an impact on female-fronted alternative acts and performers.Template:Sfn She has been cited as influential on young female instrumentalists in particular,Template:Sfn having once infamously proclaimed: "I want every girl in the world to pick up a guitar and start screaming ...Template:Sfn I strap on that motherfucking guitar and you cannot fuck with me. That's my feeling."Template:Sfn In The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon, it is noted: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
[Love] truly lived up to Paul Westerberg's (The Replacements) assessment of pretty girls "playing makeup/wearing guitar" ... She frequently stood on stage, microphone in hand and foot on monitor, and simply let her Fender guitar dangle around her neck. She truly embodied the empowerment that came with playing the electric guitar ... Love depended heavily upon her male lead guitar foil Eric Erlandson, but the rest of her band remained exclusively female throughout several lineup changes.Template:Sfn{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
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Template:Quote box With over 3 million records sold in the United States alone,Template:Efn Hole became one of the most successful rock bands of all time fronted by a woman.Template:Sfn<ref name=harding>Template:Cite magazine</ref> VH1 ranked Love Template:Abbr 69 in their list of The 100 Greatest Women in Music History in 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2015, the Phoenix New Times declared Love the number one greatest female rock star of all time, writing: "To build a perfect rock star, there are several crucial ingredients: musical talent, physical attractiveness, tumultuous relationships, substance abuse, and public meltdowns, just to name a few. These days, Love seems to have rebounded from her epic tailspin and has leveled out in a slightly more normal manner, but there's no doubt that her life to date is the type of story people wouldn't believe in a novel or a movie."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Among the alternative musicians who have cited Love as an influence are Scout Niblett;<ref name="conner">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brody Dalle of The Distillers;Template:Sfn Dee Dee Penny of Dum Dum Girls;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Florence Welch;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Annie Hardy of Giant Drag;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Nine Black Alps.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Contemporary female pop artists Lana Del Rey,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Avril Lavigne,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tove Lo,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Sky Ferreira<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> have also cited Love as an influence. Love has frequently been recognized as the most high-profile contributor of feminist music during the 1990s,Template:Sfn and for "subverting [the] mainstream expectations of how a woman should look, act, and sound."Template:Sfn According to music journalist Maria Raha, "Hole was the highest-profile female-fronted band of the '90s to openly and directly sing about feminism."Template:Sfn Patti Smith, a major influence of Love's, also praised her, saying: "I hate genderizing things ... [but] when I heard Hole, I was amazed to hear a girl sing like that. Janis Joplin was her own thing; she was into Big Mama Thornton and Bessie Smith. But what Courtney Love does, I'd never heard a girl do that."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
She has also been a gay icon since the mid-1990s,<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Free access</ref> and has jokingly referred to her fanbase as consisting of "females, gay guys, and a few advanced, evolved heterosexual men."<ref name="pattydoc">Template:Cite video</ref> Love's aesthetic image, particularly in the early 1990s, also became influential and was dubbed "kinderwhore" by critics and media. The subversive fashion mainly consisted of vintage babydoll dresses accompanied by smeared makeup and red lipstick.<ref name=tunes/>Template:Sfn MTV reporter Kurt Loder described Love as looking like "a debauched rag doll" onstage.<ref name="loderfiles">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Love later said she had been influenced by the fashion of Chrissy Amphlett of the Divinyls.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Interviewed in 1994, Love commented "I would like to think–in my heart of hearts–that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? thing. My angle was irony."<ref name=without>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
DiscographyEdit
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Solo discographyEdit
- America's Sweetheart (2004)
with HoleEdit
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- Pretty on the Inside (1991)
- Live Through This (1994)
- Celebrity Skin (1998)
- Nobody's Daughter (2010)
FilmographyEdit
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- Sid and Nancy (1986)
- Straight to Hell (1987)
- The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)
- 200 Cigarettes (1999)
- Man on the Moon (1999)
- Julie Johnson (2001)
- Trapped (2002)
BibliographyEdit
FootnotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
SourcesEdit
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External linksEdit
- {{#if:|Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at Discogs|{{#if:Template:Wikidata|Template:Wikidata Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at DiscogsTemplate:EditAtWikidata|Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at Discogs}}}}
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- Works by or about Courtney Love (library search via WorldCat)
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