Cubatão

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Cubatão is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 12 kilometers away from Santos seaport, the largest in Latin America. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of the Baixada Santista.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The population is 131,626 (2020 est.) in an area of 142.88 km².<ref name=ibge>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It hosts industries, refining oil, steel mills and fertilizers.

HistoryEdit

The municipality was created by state law in 1948.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Estado de São Paulo (Brasil) 1950, Acervo do Museu Paulista da USP.jpg

Map of the state of São Paulo (1948).

In the early 1980s, Cubatão was one of the most polluted cities in the world, nicknamed "Valley of Death", due to births of brainless children and respiratory, hepatic and blood illnesses. High air pollution was killing forest over hills around the city. It was ranked the top ten dirtiest cities in the world by Popular Science.Template:Citation needed

Around 0:00 BRT (3:00 GMT) on Saturday, 25 February 1984, an oil spill set the shantytown Vila Socó on fire, killing 93 people according to official figures of the government, though the actual death toll may be more than 200.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The contamination of workers with persistent organic pollutants put the now defunct Rhodia into Greenpeace's top 10 world's worst corporate crimes ever in its report to Rio Summit in 1992.

Strong efforts were made to diminish pollution in the city, costing US$ 1.2 billion so far.Template:When Template:Citation needed Although things have improved a lot, it is impossible to completely clean the soil and groundwater and while many large industries continue to work in such a small area, there will always be some pollution.Template:Citation needed

Popular cultureEdit

Cubatão was mentioned as the "world's most polluted town" in the Jello Biafra-Sepultura collaboration "Biotech is Godzilla" on the group's 1993 album Chaos A.D.

Cubatão is the name of an A La Carte song from 1981.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>