Cuneiform bones

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Infobox bone There are three cuneiform ("wedge-shaped") bones in the human foot:

• the first or medial cuneiform
• the second or intermediate cuneiform, also known as the middle cuneiform
• the third or lateral cuneiform

They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone.<ref name=Bojsen245>Template:Cite book</ref>

Structure

There are three cuneiform bones:

1. The medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular bone and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. Lateral to it is the intermediate cuneiform. It articulates with four bones: the navicular, second cuneiform, and first and second metatarsals. The tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscle inserts at the medial cuneiform bone.<ref name=Bojsen364-367/>
2. The intermediate cuneiform (second cuneiform or middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. The intermediate cuneiform is situated between the other two cuneiform bones (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side.
3. The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform or external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the intermediate cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. The tibialis posterior inserts at the lateral cuneiform, while the flexor hallucis brevis originates from it.<ref name=Bojsen364-367>Template:Cite book</ref>

Muscle attachments

Muscle	Direction	Attachment<ref name=Bojsen364-367/>
Tibialis anterior	Insertion	Medial cuneiform
Fibularis longus	Insertion	Medial cuneiform
Tibialis posterior	Insertion	Medial cuneiform
Flexor hallucis brevis	Origin	Lateral cuneiform

Injuries

• Lisfranc fracture – in which one or all of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus<ref>TheFreeDictionary > Lisfranc's fracture Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009</ref>
• Cuneiform fracture - Due to the ligamentous support of the midfoot, isolated cuneiform fractures are rare <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Additional images

• Gray268.png

  Bones of the right foot. Dorsal surface.

• Gray269.png

  Bones of the right foot. Plantar Surface.

• Gray290.png

  Skeleton of foot. Medial aspect.

• Gray291.png

  Skeleton of foot. Lateral aspect.

• Gray360.png

  Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.

• Ospied-en.svg

  Bones of foot

• Slide29DEN.JPG

  Cuneiform. Superior view.

• Slide31DEN.JPG

  Cuneiform. Superior view.

See also

• Cuneiform, for writing by pressing a wedge-shaped reed into wet clay.