Czech koruna

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Redirect Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox currency

The koruna, or crown (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Template:Langx), has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's eight currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro in the future.

The official name in Czech is {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (plural {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, though the zero-suffixed genitive plural form {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One crown is made up of 100 hellers (abbreviated as "h", official name in Czech: singular: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, nominative plural: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, genitive plural: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), but hellers have now been withdrawn from circulation, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.

HistoryEdit

In 1892, the Austro-Hungarian krone replaced the gulden at the rate of two kronen to one gulden (which is also the reason why the 10 Kč coin had been nicknamed {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or "fiver" - and has been in use in informal conversation up until nowadays). The name was suggested by the emperor, Franz Joseph I of Austria. After Austria-Hungary dissolved in 1918, Czechoslovakia was the only successor state to retain the name of its imperial-era currency. During the Second World War, the currency on the occupied Czech territory was artificially weakened. The Czechoslovak crown was restored after the war. It underwent a highly controversial monetary reform in 1953.

The Czech koruna replaced the Czechoslovak koruna in 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. It first consisted of overstamped 20 Kčs, 50 Kčs, 100 Kčs, 500 Kčs, and 1,000 Kčs banknotes, and a new series was properly introduced in 1993.

In November 2013, the Czech National Bank (ČNB) intervened to weaken the exchange rate of the koruna through a monetary stimulus to stop the currency from excessive strengthening.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This was meant to support the Czech economy, mainly focused on export, but people were unhappy about this step because it was set up before Christmas, which led to raising the prices of imported goods. In late 2016, the ČNB stated that the return to conventional monetary policy was planned for mid-2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After higher-than-expected inflation and other figures, the national bank removed the cap at a special monetary meeting on April 6, 2017. The koruna avoided significant volatility and City Index Group stated: "If you want to drop a currency peg, then the ČNB can show you how to do it".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Euro adoption discussionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Czech Republic planned to adopt the euro in 2010, but its government suspended that plan indefinitely in 2005.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although the country is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, there is considerable opposition to the move within the Czech Republic.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> According to a survey conducted in April 2014, only 16% of the Czech population was in favour of replacing the koruna with the euro.<ref name="April 2014 eurobarometer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As reported by an April 2018 survey by CVVM (Public Opinion Research Center), this value remained at nearly identical levels between 2014-18, with only 20% of the Czech population above 15 years old supporting euro adoption.<ref name="April 2016 CVVM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CoinsEdit

Template:Multiple image The coins of the Czech koruna increase in size and weight with value.

In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 haléřů (h), 1 Kč, 2 Kč, 5 Kč, 10 Kč, 20 Kč and 50 Kč. The 10 h and 20 h coins were taken out of circulation by 31 October 2003 and the 50 h coins by 31 August 2008 due to their diminishing purchasing power and circulation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, financial amounts are still written with the accuracy of 1-haléř (CZK 0.01); prices in retail shops are usually multiples of CZK 0.10. When cash transactions are made, the amount is rounded to the nearest integer.

In 2000, the 10 Kč and 20 Kč coins were minted with different obverses to commemorate the millennium. In 1993 and 1994, coins were minted in Winnipeg and Hamburg, then in the Czech Republic. The 10 Kč and 50 Kč coins were designed by Template:Ill (1934–2007).

Since 1997, sets for collectors are also issued yearly with proof-quality coins. Also, a tradition exists of issuing commemorative coins – including silver and gold coins – for numismatic purposes.

For a complete listing, see Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic.

Current seriesEdit

Image	Value	Technical parameters					Description			Issued from	Withdrawal
Current series (1993)<ref>Czech national bank. Available at: {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation												CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Image	Value	Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Mass (g)	Composition		Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Issued from	Withdrawal
File:10h CZK.png	10 h	15.50	1.70	0.60		Aluminium: 99% Magnesium: 1%	Smooth	Czech lion; year of issue; lettering: Template:Small	Value; Stylized river	1993	2003
File:20h CZK.png	20 h	17.00		0.74			Reeded		Value; Linden leaf	1993
File:20h CZK.png	20 h	17.00		0.74			Reeded		Value; Linden leaf	1997
File:50h CZK.png	50 h	19.00		0.90			Interrupted reeding		Value	1993	2008
File:1 CZK.png	1 Kč	20.00	1.85	3.60		Nickel-plated steel	Reeded		Value; St. Wenceslas crown		Current
File:2 CZK.png	2 Kč	21.50 Template:Small		3.70			Smooth		Value; Great Moravian gombik
File:5 CZK.png	5 Kč	23.00		4.80			Smooth		Value; Charles Bridge, Vltava, linden leaf
File:10 CZK.png	10 Kč	24.50	2.55	7.62		Copper-plated steel	Reeded		Value; St. Peter and Paul cathedral, Brno
File:20 CZK.png	20 Kč	26.00 Template:Small		8.43		Brass-plated steel	Smooth		St. Wenceslas statue; Lettering: Template:SmallTemplate:Efn
File:50 CZK.png	50 Kč	27.50		9.70		Outer: Copper-plated steel			Prague; Lettering: Template:SmallTemplate:Efn
File:50 CZK.png	50 Kč	17.00		9.70		Inner: Brass-plated steel			Prague; Lettering: Template:SmallTemplate:Efn

Template:Notelist

Circulating commemorative coinsEdit

Circulating commemorative coins
Image	Value	Technical parameters					Description			Issue
Image	Value	Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Mass (g)	Composition		Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Issue
File:10 Korun (2000) revers.png	10 Kč	24.50	2.55	7.62		Copper-plated steel	Reeded	Czech lion; year of issue; lettering: Template:Small	Clock mechanism; value; Lettering: Template:Small	2000
File:20 Korun (2000) revers.png	20 Kč	26.00 Template:Small		8.43		Brass-plated steel	Smooth		Astrolabe; value; Lettering: Template:Small	2000
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2018 III (2).jpg									Edvard Beneš; value	2018 Template:Small
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2018 II (2).jpg									Milan Rastislav Štefánik; value
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2018 I (2).jpg									Tomáš Masaryk; value
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2019 I.jpg									Alois Rašín; value	2019 Template:Small
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2019 III.jpg									Karel Engliš; value
File:Dvacetikoruna vzor 2019 II.jpg									Vilém Pospíšil; value

BanknotesEdit

The first Czech banknotes were issued on 8 February 1993 and consisted of Czechoslovak notes with adhesive stamps affixed to them. Only the 100 Kčs, 500 Kčs and 1,000 Kčs notes were overstamped, the lower denominations circulated unchanged during this transitional period. Each stamp bears a Roman and Arabic numeral identifying the denomination of the banknote to which it is affixed (C and 100, D and 500, M and 1,000). Subsequent issues of the 1,000 Kč note replaced the adhesive stamp with a printed image of same.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A newly designed series of banknotes in denominations of 20 Kč, 50 Kč, 100 Kč, 200 Kč, 500 Kč, 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč were introduced later in 1993 and are still in use at present – except for 20 Kč, 50 Kč and the first versions of 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč notes, since the security features of 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč notes were upgraded in the subsequent issues (The 2,000 Kč note, which was introduced in 1996, is still valid in all versions, with and without the new security features). These banknotes, designed by Oldřich Kulhánek, feature renowned Czech persons on the obverse and abstract compositions on the reverse. Modern protective elements can be found on all banknotes.

In 2007, the Czech National Bank started issuing new upgraded banknotes with upgraded security features. These include a new colour-shifting security thread, additional watermarks and EURion constellations. The first denomination to be issued with the new features was the 2,000 Kč, followed by the 1,000 Kč in 2008, the 500 Kč and 5,000 Kč in 2009 and finally ending with the issuance of the 100 Kč and 200 Kč notes in 2018.

In practice, the 5000 Kč is not commonly found in circulation due to them being prone to misuse or illicit activity (e.g., money laundering). As of December 2024, there were 25 million of those banknotes in circulation. In contrast, the next-highest denomination, the 2000 Kč, is the most widely circulated banknote in the country, with about 200 million in circulation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Stamped seriesEdit

Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Language	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Language	Obverse	Reverse	printing	issue	withdrawal
Czechoslovak banknotes
File:10 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Obverse.jpg	File:10 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Reverse.jpg	10 Kčs	133 × 67	Brown	Slovak	Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav	Orava scene	1986	7 February 1993	31 July 1993
File:20 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Obverse.jpg	File:20 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Reverse.jpg	20 Kčs	138 × 67	Blue	Czech	Comenius	Illustration related to culture and education	1988	7 February 1993	31 July 1993
File:50 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Obverse.jpg	File:50 Czechoslovakan koruna 1985-1989 Issue Reverse.jpg	50 Kčs	143 × 67	Red	Slovak	Ľudovít Štúr	View of Bratislava with the castle (from the restaurant on the top of the pylon of the Nový Most)	1987	7 February 1993	31 July 1993
Overstamped Czechoslovak banknotes
File:100 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Obverse.jpg	File:100 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Reverse.jpg	100 Kč	165 × 81	Green	Czech	Peasant and worker	View of Prague with the castle and the Charles Bridge	1961	7 February 1993	31 August 1993
File:500 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Obverse.jpg	File:500 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Reverse.jpg	500 Kč	153 × 67	Brown	Slovak	Partisans of the SNP 1944	Devín Castle	1973	7 February 1993	31 August 1993
File:1000 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Obverse.jpg	File:1000 Czechoslovakan koruna 1993 Provisional Issue Reverse.jpg	1,000 Kč	158 × 67	Blue	Czech	Bedřich Smetana	View of the Vltava at Vyšehrad	1985	7 February 1993	31 August 1993

First seriesEdit

First series (1993)
Image		Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Description		Issue	Withdrawn	Lapse
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Issue	Withdrawn	Lapse
File:20CZK obverse.jpg	File:20 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	20 Kč	128 × 64		Blue	Otakar I	Ottokar's crown Golden Bull of Sicily seal	20 April 1994	31 August 2008	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:50CZK obverse.jpg	File:50 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	50 Kč	134 × 64		Red	Agnes of Bohemia	St. Salvator's church; Convent of St. Agnes	6 October 1993	31 January 2007	31 March 2017<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
								21 December 1994	31 March 2011
								10 September 1997	31 March 2011
File:100CZK obverse.jpg	File:100 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	100 Kč	140 × 69		Turquoise	Charles IV	Charles University seal	30 June 1993	31 January 2007	Indefinite
								21 June 1995	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>
								15 October 1997
File:200CZK obverse.jpg	File:200 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	200 Kč	146 × 69		Orange	John Amos Comenius	Orbis Pictus; Joined hands	8 February 1993	31 January 2007
								14 August 1996	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
								6 January 1999	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
File:500CZK obverse.jpg	File:500 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	500 Kč	152 × 69		Brown	Božena Němcová	Laureate woman	21 July 1993	31 January 2007
								27 December 1995	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
								18 March 1998	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
File:1000CZK obverse.jpg	File:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	1000 Kč	158 × 74		Violet	František Palacký	Archbishop's Castle, Kroměříž; eagle	12 May 1993	30 June 2001
File:1000CZK obverse.jpg	File:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	1000 Kč	158 × 74		Violet	František Palacký	Archbishop's Castle, Kroměříž; eagle	6 December 1996	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
File:2000CZK obverse.jpg	File:2000 CZK reverse.jpg	2000 Kč	164 × 74		Green	Emmy Destinn	Euterpe; violin, cello	1 October 1996
File:2000CZK obverse.jpg	File:2000 CZK reverse.jpg	2000 Kč	164 × 74		Green	Emmy Destinn	Euterpe; violin, cello	1 December 1999
File:5000CZK obverse.jpg	File:5000CZK reverse.jpg	5000 Kč	170 × 74		Grey	Tomáš Masaryk	St. Vitus Cathedral; Gothic and Baroque buildings, Prague	15 December 1993	30 June 2001
File:5000CZK obverse.jpg	File:5000CZK reverse.jpg	5000 Kč	170 × 74		Grey	Tomáš Masaryk	St. Vitus Cathedral; Gothic and Baroque buildings, Prague	8 September 1999	1 July 2022<ref name="Withdrawn2022"/>
Template:Standard banknote table notice

Upgraded seriesEdit

Upgraded series (1993)
Image		Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Description		Issue
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Issue
File:100 Czech koruna Obverse.jpg	File:100 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	100 Kč	140 × 69		Turquoise	Charles IV	Charles University seal	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:200 Czech koruna Obverse.jpg	File:200 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	200 Kč	146 × 69		Orange	John Amos Comenius	Orbis Pictus Joined hands	5 September 2018<ref name="New2018"/>
File:500 Czech koruna Obverse.jpg	File:500 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	500 Kč	152 × 69		Brown	Božena Němcová	Laureate woman	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:1000 Czech koruna Obverse.jpg	File:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	1000 Kč	158 × 74		Violet	František Palacký	Archbishop's Castle, Kroměříž; eagle	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:2000 Czech koruna Obverse.jpg	File:2000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	2000 Kč	164 × 74		Green	Emmy Destinn	Euterpe; violin and cello	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:5000CZK obverse.jpg	File:5000CZK reverse.jpg	5000 Kč	170 × 74		Grey	Tomáš Masaryk	St. Vitus Cathedral; Gothic and Baroque buildings, Prague	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:5000CZK obverse.jpg	File:5000CZK reverse.jpg	5000 Kč	170 × 74		Grey	Tomáš Masaryk	St. Vitus Cathedral; Gothic and Baroque buildings, Prague	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Standard banknote table notice

Commemorative seriesEdit

Commemorative banknotes
Image		Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Description		Issue
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Issue
File:100 CZK obverse (with additional print 2019).jpg	File:100 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	100 Kč	140 × 69		Turquoise	Charles IV overprint on watermark area	Charles University seal	30 January 2019
File:100 CZK obverse (2019).jpg	File:100 CZK reverse (2019).jpg	100 Kč	194 × 84		Gold	Alois Rašín	Czech National Bank building	31 January 2019
File:100 CZK obverse (2022).jpg	File:100 CZK reverse (2022).jpg	100 Kč	194 × 84		Olive green	Karel Engliš	Clam-Gallas Palace	30 March 2022
	File:1000 Czech koruna Reverse.jpg	1000 Kč	158 × 74		Violet	František Palacký, overprint on watermark area	Archbishop's Castle, Kroměříž; eagle	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Standard banknote table notice

Exchange ratesEdit

Historic ratesEdit

File:Euro exchange rate to CZK.svg

EUR–CZK exchange rate since 1999

The currency had a record exchange rate run in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Most traded currencies (since 31 December 2008)
Year	Template:Flagicon US dollar	Template:Flagicon Euro	Template:Flagicon Sterling	Template:Flagicon Swiss franc	Template:Flagicon Yen
2008	19.346	26.930	28.270	18.132	0.21348
2009	18.368	26.465	29.798	17.837	0.19875
2010	18.751	25.060	29.108	20.043	0.23058
2011	19.940	25.800	30.886	21.220	0.25754
2012	19.055	25.140	30.812	20.831	0.22130
2013	19.894	27.425	32.911	22.344	0.18957
2014	22.834	27.725	35.591	23.058	0.19090
2015	24.824	27.025	36.822	24.930	0.20619
2016	25.639	27.020	31.586	25.166	0.21907
2017	21.291	25.540	28.786	21.824	0.18915
2018	22.466	25.725	28.762	22.827	0.20447
2019	22.621	25.410	29.866	23.416	0.20844
2020	21.381	26.245	29.190	24.298	0.20747
2021	21.951	24.860	29.585	24.066	0.19069
2022	22.616	24.115	27.200	24.496	0.17152
2023	22.376	24.725	28.447	26.688	0.15811
2024	24.237	25.185	30.378	26.768	0.15449
Source: Czech National Bank exchange rates<ref>Czech national bank exchange rate fixing. Available at: {{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation						CitationClass=web }}</ref>