Dasyuromorphia
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Dasyuromorphia (Template:IPAc-en, meaning "hairy tail"<ref>Mammalian Lexicon</ref> in Greek) is an order comprising most of the Australian carnivorous marsupials, including quolls, dunnarts, the numbat, the Tasmanian devil, and the extinct thylacine. In Australia, the exceptions include the omnivorous bandicoots (order Peramelemorphia) and the marsupial moles (which are insectivorous but are very different and are now accorded an order of their own, Notoryctemorphia). Numerous South American species of marsupials (orders Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, and Microbiotheria) are also carnivorous, as were some extinct members of the order Diprotodontia, including extinct kangaroos (such as Ekaltadeta and Propleopus) and thylacoleonids, and some members of the partially extinct clade Metatheria and all members of the extinct superorder Sparassodonta.
The order contains four families: one, the Myrmecobiidae, with just a single living species (the numbat), two with only extinct species (including the thylacine and Malleodectes), and one, the Dasyuridae, with 73 extant species.
CharacteristicsEdit
Unlike herbivores, which tend to become highly specialized for particular ecological niches and diversify greatly in form, carnivores tend to be broadly similar to one another, certainly on the level of gross external form. Just as Northern Hemisphere carnivores like cats, mongooses, foxes and weasels are much more alike in structure than, for example, camels, goats, pigs and giraffes, so too are the marsupial predators constrained to retain general-purpose, look-alike forms—forms which mirror those of placental carnivores. The names given to them by early European settlers reflect this: the thylacine was called the Tasmanian tiger or Tasmanian wolf, quolls were called native cats or native foxes, and so on.
The primary specialisation among marsupial predators is that of size: prior to the massive environmental changes that came about with the arrival of humans about 50,000 years ago, there were several very large carnivores, none of them members of the Dasyuromorphia and all of them now extinct. Those that survived into historical times ranged from the wolf-sized thylacine to the tiny long-tailed planigale which at 4 to 6 grams is less than half the size of a mouse. Most, however, tend towards the lower end of the size scale, typically between about 15 or 20 grams and about 2 kilograms, or from the size of a domestic mouse to that of a small domestic cat.
PhylogenyEdit
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| Upham et al. 2019<ref name="Upham 2019">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> | Álvarez-Carretero et al. 2022<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> |
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Dasyuromorphia on Animal Diversity Web
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- Phylum Chordata
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- (unranked) Amniota
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- Microbiotheria (monitos del monte)
- Notoryctemorphia (marsupial moles)
- Dasyuromorphia (quolls and dunnarts)
- Peramelemorphia (bilbies and bandicoots)
- Diprotodontia (kangaroos, koalas, and relatives)
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- Afrosoricida (tenrecs, golden moles, and otter shrews)
- Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)
- Tubulidentata (aardvarks)
- Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
- Proboscidea (elephants)
- Sirenia (dugongs and manatees)
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- Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
- Chiroptera (bats)
- Pholidota (pangolins)
- Carnivora (dogs, cats and relatives)
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- Rodentia (rats, mice, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
- Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and pikas)
- Scandentia (treeshrews)
- Dermoptera (colugos)
- Primates (lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
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