Dean Radin

Template:Short description Template:Infobox person Dean Radin (Template:IPAc-en; born February 29, 1952) is an american parapsychologist.

Following a bachelor and master's degree in electrical engineering and a PhD in educational psychology Radin worked at Bell Labs, as a researcher at Princeton University and the University of Edinburgh, and was a faculty member at University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

He then became Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) in Petaluma, California, USA, later becoming the president of the Parapsychological Association.<ref name="Haraldsson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Better source needed He is also co-editor-in-chief of the journal Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Radin's paranormal ideas and work have been widely criticized by skeptic scientists and philosophers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Stenger2002">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Carroll">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Education

Following a career in classical violin, Radin went on to earn an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, as well as both a master's degree in electrical engineering and a doctorate in educational psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After his graduation, Radin worked at Bell Labs, and then conducted research at Princeton University, GTE Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, SRI International, Interval Research Corporation, and was a faculty member at University of Nevada, Las Vegas.<ref name="Haraldsson"/>Template:Better source needed

Parapsychology

Radin was elected president of the Parapsychological Association in 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2005, and has published a number of articles and papers supporting the existence of paranormal phenomena, as well as two books directed to a popular audience: The Conscious Universe and Entangled Minds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Radin believes that parapsychology is as repeatable as any scientific discipline, but that it is also, as paraphrased by sociologist Erich Goode, "elusive, subtle and complex", a field of study that is "difficult to replicate" and that "our understanding of it is incomplete".<ref name=PhilOfPseudoscience>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp

Radin's paranormal claims have been rejected by those in the skeptical and mainstream scientific communities, some of whom have suggested that Radin's beliefs embrace pseudoscience and that he misunderstands the nature of science.<ref name=PhilOfPseudoscience />Template:Rp<ref>Smith, Jonathan (2009). Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit. Wiley-Blackwell. Template:ISBN. Retrieved October 22, 2013.</ref><ref name="Park2000">Park, Robert (2000). Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud. Oxford University Press. pp. 196-200. Template:ISBN</ref> The physicist Robert L. Park has written "No proof of psychic phenomena is ever found. In spite of all the tests devised by parapsychologists like Jahn and Radin, and huge amounts of data collected over a period of many years, the results are no more convincing today than when they began their experiments."<ref name="Park2000"/>

Chris French criticized Radin for his selective historical overview of parapsychology and for ignoring clear evidence of fraud. French recounts that the medium Florence Cook was caught in acts of trickery and two of the Fox sisters confessed to fraud, but that Radin did not mention this fact.<ref>French, Chris (2010). Missing the Point?. In Stanley Krippner, Harris L. Friedman. Debating Psychic Experience: Human Potential Or Human Illusion?. Praeger. Template:ISBN. Retrieved October 22, 2013.</ref> Radin has claimed the results from parapsychological research are as consistent by the same standards as any other scientific discipline, but Ray Hyman has written that many parapsychologists disagree with this, openly admitting that the evidence for parapsychology is "inconsistent, irreproducible, and fails to meet acceptable scientific standards".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Radin and his colleagues have suggested that small-scale studies have produced a "genuine psychokinetic effect",<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> but critics have asserted that Radin has not shown evidence that the null hypothesis of such an effect could be confidently rejected.<ref>Wilson, David B.; Shadish, William R. (2006). "On blowing trumpets to the tulips: To prove or not to prove the null hypothesis--Comment on Bösch, Steinkamp, and Boller" (2006). Psychological Bulletin 132: 524-528.</ref><ref name="Bower2006">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Further, psychologists David B. Wilson and William R. Shadish, writing in Psychological Bulletin, criticized claims made by Radin and his associates that human minds can psychically influence random number generators, saying that parapsychologists "need to go beyond statistics and explain how the mind might influence a computer, then test that prediction".<ref name="Bower2006"/> Radin has appealed to quantum mechanics as a mechanism, claiming that it can explain the non-locality and backward causality associated with psi phenomena, though such ideas are harshly criticized by many physicists who study quantum mechanics as being pseudoscientific.<ref name=PhilOfPseudoscience />Template:Efn<ref name="Carroll" /><ref name=npr2009>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Radin has written that not all people experience paranormal phenomena (or see ghosts) because they block such signals due to the process of latent inhibition.<ref>Blum, Deborah (2006). "Team won't give up the ghost"Template:Dead link. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Monday October 30. p. 26</ref><ref>Radin, Dean. Entangled Minds, Paraview Pocket Books, New York, 2006</ref>

Books

While Radin's books have been reviewed favorably by groups that give general reviews such as Publishers Weekly and Kirkus Reviews,<ref name="publishersweekly1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Kirkus>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> independent reviews by scientists and skeptics, as cited below, have often been negative.

The Conscious Universe

A critical review of The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena (1997)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Efn was published by the British mathematician I. J. Good in Nature. The review charged that Radin ignored the known hoaxes in the field, made statistical errors and ignored plausible non-paranormal explanations for parapsychological data.<ref name="good97">Template:Cite journal</ref> Good wrote about flaws in Radin's method for evaluating the file-drawer effect.<ref name="good97"/> Radin replied to Good in a follow-up letter in the correspondence pages of Nature, saying that Good in his review had misinterpreted a reference to a probability value. Good replied, saying that most readers would not arrive at the same interpretation of what Radin had written noting that readers would be surprised to learn that by "more than a billion trillion", Radin meant more than 10¹⁰⁰". Further, Good noted that the file drawer effect does not account for intentional fraud, as was very probably the case with prominent ESP proponents such as Samuel Soal, nor is there any real means of estimating such "intellectual, observational or ethical lapses" within ESP.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 2002, Victor J. Stenger gave a criticism of The Conscious Universe that aligned with Good's arguments that Radin did not perform the file-drawer analysis correctly, made fundamental errors in his calculations, and ignored non-paranormal explanations for the data.<ref name="Stenger2002"/>

The book was reviewed by the philosopher and skeptic Robert Todd Carroll in a thirteen-page chapter-by-chapter critique which noted how Radin had not cited the skeptical literature on the subject of parapsychology. Carroll stated that Radin had ignored "the many hoaxes and frauds that dot the landscape in the history of psi research."<ref name=Todd>* {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Supernormal

Radin's book Supernormal: Science, Yoga, and the Evidence for Extraordinary Psychic Abilities (2013), argues support for psychic phenomena, linking them to the siddhis from yoga-related legends.<ref name="publishersweekly1"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Publishers Weekly has reviewed it, saying of the book, that it is "unfocused and opaque at times" but "nevertheless an admirable attempt to bridge the gap between the scientific and the spiritual realm".<ref name="publishersweekly1"/> The anonymous review by Kirkus Reviews gave it a positive review saying "certainly not for everyone, but a smart reminder that we haven’t got the whole scene covered".<ref name=Kirkus/>

Dale DeBakcsy, writing for the Skeptical Inquirer, a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, reviewed Supernormal and criticized the work as "misrepresenting report data, lowering success criteria, and playing a somewhat loose game with how rigorously confidence information is presented". Debakcsy examined Radin's claim that a meta-analysis of forced choice recognition published in parapsychological literature showed that Psi effects were present above chance to a probability of 10¹⁵ to 1, noting that the study also reported that results varied wildly with an extremely unusual standard deviation, such that they dropped 10% of the most extreme variations which reduced the effect size. According to DeBakcsy, Radin chose not to report those variations.

Debakcsy also criticized Radin's characterization of the results of a free-response experiment conducted at Princeton. Radin cited a test subject's response when asked to describe the future location of a distant agent:

"A rather strange yet persistent image of [the agent] inside a large bowl—a hemispheric indentation in the ground of some smooth man-made materials like concrete or cement. No color. Possibly covered with a glass dome. Unusual sense of inside/outside simultaneity. That’s all. It’s a large bowl. If it was full of soup [the agent] would be the size of a large dumpling!"

Radin wrote that the subject's response "successfully" described the actual randomly selected location of the distant agent: the Radio telescope at Kitt Peak. Debakcsy noted that there are several radio telescopes at Kitt Peak, such as the Very Long Baseline Array, but that telescope does not match the description given. DeBakcsy contends that, while the ARO 12m Radio Telescope has some similar characteristics, it also differs in several aspects from the subject's description. DeBakcsy further commented that, considering this is the best example out of 653 possible other tests made at Princeton, it is quite poor. Noting the spread of meta-analyses of the same studies (where the individual studies are weighted differently), have wildly varying odds returned (from trillions to one, to indistinguishable from chance), DeBakcsy argues that this undermines the reliance on meta-analysis in the work since they lack standardization.<ref name=CSI>* {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Other books

• Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality (Paraview / Pocket Books, 2006) Template:ISBN
  • Second edition: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Template:ISBN
• The Noetic Universe (Random House, 2011) Template:ISBN (British version of The Conscious Universe)
• Real Magic: Ancient Wisdom, Modern Science, and a Guide to the Secret Power of the Universe Harmony Books, 2018) Template:ISBN

External links

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